CN108535774B - A kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies the method and device of seismic phase - Google Patents
A kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies the method and device of seismic phase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Seismic signal provided by the invention for controlled source excitation quickly identifies the method and device of seismic phase, the linear frequency modulation seismic signal excited using Fourier Transform of Fractional Order to controlled source carries out quick seismic phase identification, inherit the linear behavio(u)r of conventional Fourier transform, the interference of cross term when can inhibit time frequency analysis well, the time-frequency distributions feature of the linear frequency modulation seismic signal of controlled source excitation can be improved, it is analysis object with impulse function, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic phase, it identifies seismic phase then, provides more reliable data basis for geologic interpretation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of seismic exploration, and in particular to it is a kind of for controlled source excitation seismic signal quickly identify
The method and device of seismic phase.
Background technique
In seismic prospecting, observation technology is played a crucial role.It is controllable that accurate controlled source can generate frequency
Elastic wave, since frequency accuracy is very high, wave detector can be in the inscribed collection of letters number of very narrow bandwidth；Pass through the precision control of waveform phase
System further increases signal-to-noise ratio with Signal averaging technology, realizes that smaller power carries out remote earthquake data acquisition.It is accurate controllable
Seismic source apparatus is capable of the long Shi Yunzhuan of continuous-stable, compared to man-made explosions such as explosion, hammerings, there is very big application prospect.
The seismic signal of controlled source excitation is a kind of linear frequency modulation (Linear Frequency Modulation, LFM)
Signal, a signal frequency not instead of definite value, changes, we are difficult to find from its time-domain with the change of time
The seismic phase of certain seismic wave；And traditional Fourier transformation (Fourier Transform, FT) method is utilized, it can not be from its frequency
The information of LFM signal parameter is obtained on domain.
Therefore, a kind of quick phase identification method is found, time frequency analysis is carried out to the seismic signal of controlled source excitation,
It can just solve the above problems, improve the explanation accuracy of seismic prospecting, in the research in the past to Time-Frequency Analysis Method, Chen Yuhong
Deng (2006) comparative analysis Hilbert transform, Hilbert-Huang transform, sine curve fitting, Ricker wavelet matching, in short-term
A variety of methods such as Fourier transform, wavelet transformation, and from temporal resolution, frequency resolution, to multi-frequency component signal adapt to
The various aspects such as ability elaborate the advantage and disadvantage of various methods.Such as certain nonlinear transformations can bring serious cross term interference,
Seriously interfere explanation of the people to signal time-frequency characteristic；For suppressing crossterms, it has to be to sacrifice time frequency resolution
Cost, and calculation amount is huge.In addition, above method research is primarily adapted for use in non-linear, non-stationary signal, rather than controllably shake
The linear FM signal that source generates.In the signal research excited to controlled source, Yang Wei etc. (2013) has carried out cross-correlation, short
Four kinds of methods processing analyses such as Shi Xiangguan, relevant and deconvolution, and respectively from repeatability, walk when section, spectrum signature and letter
Make an uproar than etc. research compared and analyzed to processing result, the ground that Primary Study Method of Mathematical Physics excites controlled source
The recognition capability of signal is shaken, but various methods have certain limitation, are not well positioned to meet exploration needs.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, providing a kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies the method and dress of seismic phase
It sets, using the time-frequency convert of Method of Mathematical Physics, can be improved the resolution capability of seismic phase, and more accurately calculate seismic phase then
Difference, and then more reliable data basis is provided for geologic interpretation, improve the recognition capability of seismic phase.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of method that the seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase,
The described method includes:
Using seismic detector acquisition controlled source in the earthquake initial data of research area excitation, the ground of controlled source excitation is obtained
It shakes signal S (i, j), i indicates seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation；
Using the seismic signal that the seismic detector adjacent with the controlled source acquires as source signal S (0, j), selective exitation
Any secondary source signal carry out the time-frequency characteristics of Short Time Fourier Transform analysis source signal, obtain source signal it is effective when
Between range and frequency range；
Source signal S (0, j) is intercepted according to effective time range, using discrete cosine transform to the shake after interception
Source signal carries out spectrum analysis and extracts the filtered source signal Stf (0, j) of the acquisition of the wavefield signals in effective frequency range；
The optimal rotation that Fourier Transform of Fractional Order calculates source signal is carried out to filtered source signal Stf (0, j)
Angle αopt；
The seismic signal of controlled source excitation is intercepted according to effective time range, and according to effective frequency model
It encloses and is filtered, successively carry out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order using the optimal rotation angle, obtain the shake of different earthquake instrument record
Phase；
Arrival time difference and apparent velocity are determined using the seismic phase.
It is described former in the earthquake of research area excitation using seismic detector acquisition controlled source as a kind of possible implementation
Beginning data obtain the seismic signal S (i, j) of controlled source excitation, and i indicates seismographic number, and j indicates controlled source excitation
Number, comprising:
In the preset range of controlled source layout points, one seismic detector is set, it is certain further according to needing to be separated by research area
Distance lay seismic detector, according to seismic detector at a distance from controlled source from the near to the remote, it is 0,1,2 that seismic detector, which is numbered,
3 ... ... the natural numbers being sequentially increased；According to the number that controlled source excites, the natural number for being denoted as 1,2,3 ... ... and being sequentially increased；
The seismic signal of the controlled source excitation of seismic detector record is denoted as S (i, j), and i indicates seismographic number, and i=0 is indicated controllable
Beside focus, j indicates the number of controlled source excitation.
As a kind of possible implementation, the seismic signal acquired with the seismic detector adjacent with the controlled source
As source signal S (0, j), any secondary source signal of selective exitation carries out Short Time Fourier Transform, analyzes the focus letter
Number time-frequency characteristics, obtain the effective time range and frequency range of the source signal, comprising:
It is used as source signal with S (0, j), chooses any time in S (0, j) source signal, as third time S (0,3) carries out
Short Time Fourier Transform.
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out using the first formula, S (0,3) is converted into T/F by temporal-spatial field
Domain, first formula are as follows:
In formula, STFT (t, f) indicates the time-frequency domain after Short Time Fourier Transform as a result, S (τ) table in integral term
Show the time series of source signal, for signal time from 0 to T, g (τ-t) is window function, and window when t is, constantly change t obtain third
The source signal S (0,3) of secondary excitation is in the corresponding frequency f of different t；
The strongest frequency range of energy is selected from T/F area image, origin coordinates is denoted as (t1,f1), end coordinate
It is denoted as (t2,f2), t1~t2As effective time range, f1~f2As effective frequency range, and to all seismic signal S (i,
J) it is applicable in.
It is described that the source signal is intercepted according to effective time range as a kind of possible implementation, benefit
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the source signal after interception with discrete cosine transform and extracts the wavefield signals in effective frequency range being filtered
Source signal Stf (0, j) after wave, comprising:
Any time in S (0, j) source signal is chosen, t is intercepted1~t2The signal of period, is denoted as St (m), and m indicates to cut
The sampling number of signal after taking, m=1 ..., M carry out frequency spectrum point to the source signal after interception using discrete cosine transform
Analysis, and extract effective frequency range f1~f2Interior wavefield signals obtain filtered source signal, are denoted as Stf (0, j)；
Discrete cosine transform, second formula are carried out using the second formula to St (m) are as follows:
In formula, DCT (k) indicate discrete cosine transform as a result, k be sampling number identical with m value,
Remember fsAbscissa for seismographic data sampling rate, DCT (k) is
By f in DCT (k)1~f2Data except range replace with 0, after obtaining frequency filtering as a result, being denoted as DCTf
(k)；
Inverse discrete cosine transform is carried out to DCTf (k), obtains filtered source signal Stf (0, j).
It is described that Fourier Transform of Fractional Order calculating is carried out to filtered source signal as a kind of possible implementation
The optimal rotation angle α of source signalopt, comprising:
The source signal for selecting any time in filtered source signal Stf (0, j) carries out fractional order using third formula
Fourier transformation, the third formula are as follows:
In formula, n is integer, and FrFT is the function about u and conversion angle α, and the value range of α is (- π, π)；
The step of calculating the optimal rotation angle of source signal specifically includes as follows:
Using the optimal rotation angle α of the 4th formula computational theorytheory, the 4th formula are as follows:
F in formulasFor seismographic data sampling rate, f1~f2For the effective frequency range of source signal；
With αtheoryCentered on, it is d that step-length is arranged in the range of ± r, and r is a percentage, is believed filtered focus
Number Stf (0, j) carries out the iterative calculation of Fourier Transform of Fractional Order；
Selecting the rotation angle for keeping peak value of pulse highest, convergence best is optimal rotation angle αopt, the αoptTo all
Seismic signal, that is, S (i, j) is applicable in.
As a kind of possible implementation, to the seismic signal of controlled source excitation according to effective time range into
Row interception, and be filtered according to effective frequency range, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is successively carried out using the optimal rotation angle,
Obtain the seismic phase of different earthquake instrument record, comprising:
To the seismic signal S (i, j) of all controlled sources excitation, t is intercepted1~t2The signal of time range；
Using discrete cosine transform and its inverse transformation, f is extracted1~f2The signal of frequency range is denoted as Stf (i, j)；
According to optimal rotation angle αopt, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to Stf (i, j), obtains each seismic detector acquisition
The impulse function FrFT (i, j) for the seismic signal that controlled source excites every time；
The same seismographic FrFT (i, j) is overlapped, the controlled source excitation of each seismic detector acquisition is obtained
The seismic phase of seismic signal, is denoted as FrFT (i).
It is described to determine arrival time difference and apparent velocity using the seismic phase as a kind of possible implementation, comprising:
Using all seismographic seismic phase FrFT (i), the sampling point number where remembering their peak value of pulse is u (i), with
Sampling point number u (0) where the adjacent seismographic seismic phase peak value of pulse of the controlled source is zero moment；
The arrival time difference of seismic phase, the 5th formula are calculated using the 5th formula are as follows:
Δ t (i) is the arrival time difference of the seismic phase of No. i-th seismic detector acquisition in formula；
The apparent velocity of seismic phase, the 6th formula are calculated using the 6th formula are as follows:
In formula, v (i) is the apparent velocity of the seismic phase of No. i-th seismic detector acquisition, and d (i) is No. i-th seismic detector and controlled source
Distance, No. 0 seismic detector is the seismic detector adjacent with controlled source, it is believed that No. 0 seismic detector be at a distance from controlled source
0。
Second aspect, the present invention provide a kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation and quickly identify the device of seismic phase,
Described device includes:
Acquisition unit, for, in the earthquake initial data of research area excitation, obtaining can using seismic detector acquisition controlled source
The seismic signal S (i, j) of epicenter excitation is controlled, i indicates seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation；
Short Time Fourier Transform unit, for using the seismic signal that seismic detector corresponding with the controlled source acquires as
Source signal S (0, j), the time-frequency that any secondary source signal of selective exitation carries out Short Time Fourier Transform analysis source signal are special
Sign, obtains the effective time range and frequency range of source signal；
Interception unit, for being intercepted to source signal according to effective time range, using discrete cosine transform to cut
Source signal after taking carries out spectrum analysis and extracts the filtered source signal Stf of the acquisition of the wavefield signals in effective frequency range
(0,j)；
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order unit calculates shake for carrying out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order to filtered source signal
The optimal rotation angle α of source signalopt；
Seismic phase acquiring unit, the seismic signal for exciting to the controlled source are cut according to effective time range
It takes, and is filtered according to effective frequency range, successively carry out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order using the optimal rotation angle, obtain
The seismic phase of different earthquake instrument record；
Determination unit, for determining arrival time difference and apparent velocity using the seismic phase.
Seismic signal provided by the invention for controlled source excitation quickly identifies the method and device of seismic phase, using point
Number rank Fourier transformation to carry out quick seismic phase identification to the linear frequency modulation seismic signal that controlled source excites, and inherits tradition
The linear behavio(u)r of Fourier transformation, the interference of cross term when can inhibit time frequency analysis well can improve controlled source and swash
The time-frequency distributions feature of the linear frequency modulation seismic signal of hair is analysis object with impulse function, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic phase, identifies
Seismic phase then, for geologic interpretation provides more reliable data basis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
The temporal-spatial field schematic diagram of middle source signal；
Fig. 3 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
The time-frequency domain schematic diagram of middle source signal；
Fig. 4 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
The spectrum diagram of source signal within the scope of middle effective time；
Fig. 5 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
The middle source signal schematic diagram extracted using discrete cosine transform and inverse transformation in effective frequency range；
Fig. 6 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Impulse function obtained from the middle Fourier Transform of Fractional Order carried out using theoretical rotation angle and optimal rotation angle to source signal
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
The schematic diagram of the seismic phase of all seismic signals of middle identification；
Fig. 8 is the method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention
It is middle to use four seismographic position views.
Fig. 9 is that the seismic signal for controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention quickly identifies the device of seismic phase
Structural block diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
The embodiment of a part of the invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The model that the present invention protects all should belong in member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work
It encloses.
Description and claims of this specification and term " first ", " second ", " third ", " in above-mentioned attached drawing
Four " etc. be to be used to distinguish similar objects, without being used to describe a particular order or precedence order.It should be understood that using in this way
Data be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments described herein can be in addition to illustrating herein or describing
Sequence other than appearance is implemented.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that covering is non-exclusive
Include, for example, the process, method, system, product or equipment for containing a series of steps or units are not necessarily limited to clearly arrange
Those of out step or unit, but may include be not clearly listed or it is solid for these process, methods, product or equipment
The other step or units having.
As shown in connection with fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation and quickly identifies the side of seismic phase
Method, which comprises
S101, the earthquake initial data excited using seismic detector acquisition controlled source in research area, are obtained controlled source and swashed
The seismic signal S (i, j) of hair, i indicate seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation.
S102, source signal S (0, j) is used as using the seismic signal that the seismic detector adjacent with the controlled source acquires, selected
Any secondary source signal for selecting excitation carries out Short Time Fourier Transform, analyzes the time-frequency characteristics of source signal, obtains source signal
Effective time range and frequency range.
S103, source signal is intercepted according to effective time range, using discrete cosine transform to the shake after interception
Source signal carries out spectrum analysis and extracts the wavefield signals in effective frequency range, obtains filtered source signal Stf (0, j)；
S104, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to filtered source signal, calculates the optimal rotation angle of source signal
αopt。
S105, the seismic signal of controlled source excitation is intercepted according to effective time range, and according to effective
Frequency range is filtered, and successively carries out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order using the optimal rotation angle, obtains different earthquake instrument note
The seismic phase of record.
S106, arrival time difference and apparent velocity are determined using the seismic phase.
Step 101, a seismic detector is set (in such as several meters) specifically in the preset range of controlled source layout points, then
The laying seismic detector separated by a distance in research area as needed；According to seismic detector at a distance from controlled source from the near to the remote,
It is 0,1,2,3 that seismic detector, which is numbered, ... ... the natural number being sequentially increased；According to the number that controlled source excites, it is denoted as 1,
2,3 ... ... the natural numbers being sequentially increased；The seismic signal of the controlled source excitation of seismic detector record is denoted as S (i, j), and i indicates ground
The number of instrument is shaken, i=0 indicates that beside controlled source, j indicates the number of controlled source excitation.
Step 102, source signal is specifically used as with S (0, j), it is short chooses any time in S (0, j) source signal progress
When Fourier transformation.
Wherein, the time-frequency characteristics of the analysis source signal of this step, obtain the effective time range and frequency of source signal
The specific steps of range include the following: to carry out Short Time Fourier Transform using the first formula first, are chosen in S (0, j) any time
Source signal, such as third time excitation source signal S (0,3), S (0,3) is converted into T/F by temporal-spatial field
Domain, first formula are as follows:
In formula, STFT (t, f) indicates the time-frequency domain after Short Time Fourier Transform as a result, S (τ) table in integral term
Show the time series of source signal, i.e. S (0,3), for signal time from 0 to T, g (τ-t) is window function, window when t is.
And then constantly change t, S (0,3) can be obtained in the corresponding frequency f of different t；
The strongest frequency range of energy is finally selected from T/F area image, origin coordinates is denoted as (t1,f1), cut-off
Coordinate is denoted as (t2,f2), t1~t2As effective time range, f1~f2As effective frequency range, and to all seismic signals,
That is S (i, j), is all suitable for.
Step 103, any time in S (0, j) source signal is specifically chosen, such as third time excites, i.e. S (0,3), interception
t1~t2The signal of period, is denoted as St (m), and m indicates that the sampling number of the signal after interception, m=1 ..., M recycle discrete
Cosine transform carries out spectrum analysis to the source signal after interception, and extracts effective frequency range f1~f2Interior wavefield signals, are filtered
Source signal after wave is denoted as Stf (0, j).
Wherein, this step using discrete cosine transform to after interception source signal carry out spectrum analysis, and extract have
The wavefield signals in frequency range are imitated, the specific steps for obtaining filtered source signal include the following: first to St (m) using second
Formula carries out discrete cosine transform, second formula are as follows:
In turn by f in DCT (k)1~f2Data except range replace with 0, after obtaining frequency filtering as a result, being denoted as
DCTf(k)；
Inverse discrete cosine transform finally is carried out to DCTf (k), filtered source signal is obtained, is denoted as Stf (0, j).
Step 104, any filtered source signal, i.e. any secondary focus letter in Stf (0, j) are specifically selected
Number, such as third time excites, i.e. Stf (0,3), carries out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order, the third formula using third formula are as follows:
In formula, n is integer, and FrFT is the function about u and conversion angle α, and the value range of α is (- π, π)；
Wherein, the step of optimal rotation angle of the calculating source signal of this step specifically includes as follows:
α is denoted as using the optimal rotation angle of the 4th formula computational theory firsttheory, the 4th formula are as follows:
F in formulasFor seismographic data sampling rate, f1~f2For the effective frequency range of source signal；
And then in αtheoryCentered on, as in ± 5% range in the range of ± r, setting step-length for d (general very little, 10-5
Magnitude), the iterative calculation of Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to Stf (0,3)；
The rotation angle that finally selection keeps peak value of pulse highest, convergence best is optimal rotation angle, is denoted as αopt。αoptIt is right
All seismic signals, i.e. S (i, j), are all suitable for.
Operation is carried out by Fourier Transform of Fractional Order, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is a kind of linear transformation, can will very
The interference of suppressing crossterms well, and operation time is short, high-efficient, more easy programming is realized on computers, reduces method
It is applicable in threshold.
Step 105, specifically first according to the step of step 103 intercepted to source signal according to effective time range
Suddenly, to the seismic signal of all controlled sources excitation, i.e. S (i, j) intercepts t1~t2The signal of time range；
And then the specific steps of the filtered source signal of acquisition according to step 103, using discrete cosine transform and its
F is extracted in inverse transformation1~f2The signal of frequency range is denoted as Stf (i, j)；
Then the optimal rotation angle α calculated according to step 104opt, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to Stf (i, j), is obtained
The impulse function for the seismic signal that the controlled source acquired to each seismic detector excites every time, is denoted as FrFT (i, j)；
Finally the same seismographic FrFT (i, j) is overlapped, the controlled source for obtaining each seismic detector acquisition swashs
The seismic phase of the seismic signal of hair, is denoted as FrFT (i).
Operation is carried out by Fourier Transform of Fractional Order, the interference of suppressing crossterms can improve controlled source excitation
The time-frequency characteristics of linear frequency modulation seismic signal, and operation time is short, it is high-efficient, it is analysis object with impulse function, and pass through
The same seismographic FrFT (i, j) of multiple stacking, enhances signal-to-noise ratio, improves the resolution capability of seismic phase, facilitate more quasi-
Really calculate the arrival time difference of seismic phase.
In step 106, first with all seismographic seismic phases, i.e. FrFT (i) remembers adopting where their peak value of pulse
Sampling point number is u (i), when with the sampling point number u (0) where the seismographic seismic phase peak value of pulse adjacent with controlled source being zero
It carves；
And then the arrival time difference of seismic phase, the 5th formula are calculated using the 5th formula are as follows:
Δ t (i) is the arrival time difference of the seismic phase of No. i-th seismic detector acquisition in formula；
The apparent velocity of seismic phase, the 6th formula are finally calculated using the 6th formula are as follows:
In formula, v (i) is the apparent velocity of the seismic phase of No. i-th seismic detector acquisition, and d (i) is No. i-th seismic detector and controlled source
Distance, No. 0 seismic detector is the seismic detector beside controlled source, it is believed that it is 0 at a distance from controlled source.
The method for quickly identifying seismic phase for the seismic signal of controlled source excitation provided in the embodiment of the present invention, provides
A kind of application scenarios are introduced, below by taking the seismic data that the controlled source in peaceful township, Mianzhu City, Sichuan Province excites as an example, knot
Previously described method is closed, is described further.
S1, referring to figure 2., locality shakes data, 4 seismic detectors in field with the sample rate of 100Hz using 4 seismic detectors
Number is 0,1,2,3 respectively, wherein No. 0 is arranged beside controlled source 8m at a distance.Excitation 20 times, period are controlled source altogether
30min, wherein running well is 26min, front and back stalls 2min.It is detailed in Fig. 2.Remember that S (i, j) is seismic signal, i indicates earthquake
The number of instrument, j indicate the number of controlled source excitation.
S2, as shown in connection with fig. 3, to any time in S (0, j) source signal, such as third time is excited, i.e. S (0,3) is carried out
S (0,3) is converted to time-frequency domain by temporal-spatial field by Short Time Fourier Transform.It can be with from T/F area image
To find out, in the normal excitation period of 26min, fundamental frequency is 2~8Hz or so, and can tell 6 groups of frequency sweep modes, be 2 respectively~
3min, 3~12min, 12~15min, 15~16min, 16~25min and 25~26min, corresponding frequency band are 2~4.1Hz, 4.1
~6.6Hz, 6.6~8.15Hz, 8.15~6.5Hz, 6.5~4.1Hz and 4.1~2Hz.The strongest frequency range of energy is selected,
Origin coordinates is denoted as (900s, 8.15Hz), and cut-off coordinate is denoted as (960s, 6.5Hz), and 900~960s is effective time range,
6.5~8.15Hz is effective frequency range, and is all suitable for the seismic signal of other seismic detectors record.
S3, any time in S (0, j) source signal is such as excited for the third time in conjunction with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, i.e. S (0,3) interception
Discrete cosine transform is carried out after the data of 900~960s, is denoted as DCT (k), and k is sampling number.Visible energy concentrates on 6.5~
8.15Hz, and there is the second energy group in 13~16Hz, it is therefore desirable to it is filtered.It finds corresponding to 6.5Hz and 8.15Hz
Data point is respectively 577 and 865, will be greater than the 865 and DCT (k) less than 577 to fill out being 0, the data inversion after then zeroizing
It changes, obtains the filtered source signal of 6.5~8.15Hz, be denoted as Stf (0,3).
S4, in conjunction with Fig. 6, calculate theoretical rotation angle αtheory0.000025 step is arranged in ≈ 1.5543 (radian) or 89.05 °
It is long, it is scanned in 1.5~1.571 (being greater than pi/2), iteration runs Fourier Transform of Fractional Order, the pulse obtained more every time
The peak value size of signal, is maximized corresponding rotation angle, obtains optimal rotation angle αopt=1.555675 or 89.13 °.Pulse
Symmetry, convergence and peak value, which have, to be obviously improved.
S5, in conjunction with Fig. 7, to all seismic signals of controlled source excitation, i.e. S (i, j), interception, 900~960s signal
Afterwards, discrete cosine transform and its inverse transformation are recycled, the signal of 6.5~8.15Hz frequency range is extracted, is denoted as Stf (i, j)；So
Optimal rotation angle α is utilized afterwardsopt=1.555675 or 89.13 °, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to Stf (i, j), is obtained each
The impulse function for the seismic signal that the controlled source of seismic detector acquisition excites every time, is denoted as FrFT (i, j)；Finally to samely
The FrFT (i, j) of shake instrument is overlapped 20 times, obtains the seismic phase of the seismic signal of the controlled source excitation of each seismic detector acquisition,
It is denoted as FrFT (i).
S6, in conjunction with Fig. 8, calculate the arrival time difference and apparent velocity of seismic phase.No. 0, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 seismic detector record
Seismic phase peak value of pulse where sampling point number be 348,349,350,353 respectively, and then obtain 4 seismic detectors record shake
The arrival time difference of phase is 0.6613s, 1.3227s, 3.3067s.No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 seismic detector distance the 0th, namely it is controllable
The distance of focus is 1.411km, 3.482km, 8.489km respectively.Its orbicular spot be No. 0 seismic detector, triangle be No. 1,
No. 2, No. 3 seismic detector.What seismic phase represented is longitudinal wave, and apparent velocity is 2.13km/s, 2.63km/s, 2.57km/s respectively.
And then it can estimate that the longitudinal wave apparent velocity of this area is 2.4km/s.It is also found that No. 1 and No. 2 station note from Fig. 7
Secondary seismic phase has been recorded, surface wave is represented.Therefore a kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation provided by the invention is quickly known
The method of other seismic phase can improve the time-frequency characteristics of the linear frequency modulation seismic signal of controlled source excitation, be analysis with impulse function
Object improves the resolution capability of seismic phase, and more accurately calculates the arrival time difference of seismic phase.
The present invention provides a kind of method that the seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, including following step
It is rapid: using seismic detector acquisition controlled source in the earthquake initial data of research area excitation, to obtain the earthquake letter of controlled source excitation
Number, it is denoted as S (i, j), i indicates seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation；With the ground adjacent with controlled source
The seismic signal of instrument acquisition is shaken as source signal, is denoted as S (0, j), any secondary source signal of selective exitation, is carried out Fu in short-term
In leaf transformation, analyze the time-frequency characteristics of source signal, obtain the effective time range and frequency range of source signal；Focus is believed
It number is intercepted according to effective time range, spectrum analysis is carried out to the source signal after interception using discrete cosine transform, and
The wavefield signals in effective frequency range are extracted, filtered source signal is obtained, are denoted as Stf (0, j)；To filtered source signal
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out, the optimal rotation angle of source signal is calculated, is denoted as αopt；To the earthquake letter of controlled source excitation
Number, it is intercepted according to effective time range, and be filtered according to effective frequency range, recycles optimal rotation angle, successively
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out, the seismic phase of different earthquake instrument record is obtained；Using seismic phase, arrival time difference and apparent velocity are calculated.Benefit
The linear frequency modulation seismic signal excited with Fourier Transform of Fractional Order to controlled source carries out quick seismic phase identification, inherits
The linear behavio(u)r of traditional FT, the interference of cross term when can inhibit time frequency analysis well can improve controlled source excitation
The time-frequency distributions feature of linear frequency modulation seismic signal is analysis object with impulse function, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic phase, identifies seismic phase
Then, more reliable data basis is provided for geologic interpretation.
Accordingly, as shown in connection with fig. 9, the present invention provide it is a kind of for controlled source excitation seismic signal quickly identify shake
The device of phase, described device include:
Acquisition unit 901, for, in the earthquake initial data of research area excitation, being obtained using seismic detector acquisition controlled source
The seismic signal S (i, j) of controlled source excitation, i indicate seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation；
Short Time Fourier Transform unit 902, the seismic signal for being acquired with seismic detector corresponding with the controlled source
As source signal S (0, j), any secondary source signal of selective exitation carry out Short Time Fourier Transform analysis source signal when
Frequency feature obtains the effective time range and frequency range of source signal；
Interception unit 903 utilizes discrete cosine transform pair for intercepting to source signal according to effective time range
Source signal after interception carries out spectrum analysis and extracts the filtered source signal Stf of the acquisition of the wavefield signals in effective frequency range
(0,j)；
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order unit 904, by being carried out based on Fourier Transform of Fractional Order to filtered source signal
Calculate the optimal rotation angle α of source signalopt；
Seismic phase acquiring unit 905, the seismic signal for exciting to the controlled source are carried out according to effective time range
Interception, and be filtered according to effective frequency range, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is successively carried out using the optimal rotation angle, is obtained
Obtain the seismic phase of different earthquake instrument record；
Determination unit 906, for determining arrival time difference and apparent velocity using the seismic phase.
Seismic signal provided by the invention for controlled source excitation quickly identifies the device of seismic phase, utilizes fractional order Fu
In leaf transformation to carry out quick seismic phase identification to the linear frequency modulation seismic signal that controlled source excites, inherit the line of traditional FT
Property property, the interference of cross term when can inhibit time frequency analysis well, the linear frequency modulation of controlled source excitation can be improved
The time-frequency distributions feature of signal is shaken, is analysis object with impulse function, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic phase, identify that seismic phase then, is
Geologic interpretation provides more reliable data basis.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that for convenience and simplicity of description, the system of foregoing description,
The specific work process of device and unit, can refer to corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not described herein.
In embodiment provided herein, it should be understood that disclosed system, device and method can pass through
Other modes are realized.For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, for example, the division of the unit,
Only a kind of logical function partition, there may be another division manner in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be with
In conjunction with or be desirably integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.Another point, it is shown or discussed
Mutual coupling, direct-coupling or communication connection can be through some interfaces, the INDIRECT COUPLING of device or unit or
Communication connection can be electrical property, mechanical or other forms.
The unit as illustrated by the separation member may or may not be physically separated, aobvious as unit
The component shown may or may not be physical unit, it can and it is in one place, or may be distributed over multiple
In network unit.It can select some or all of unit therein according to the actual needs to realize the mesh of this embodiment scheme
's.
It, can also be in addition, the functional units in various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit
It is that each unit physically exists alone, can also be integrated in one unit with two or more units.Above-mentioned integrated list
Member both can take the form of hardware realization, can also realize in the form of software functional units.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the various methods of above-described embodiment is can
It is completed with instructing relevant hardware by program, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, storage
Medium may include: read-only memory (ROM, Read Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random
Access Memory), disk or CD etc..
Above to a kind of method that the seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase provided by the present invention
And device is described in detail, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, thought according to an embodiment of the present invention, specific real
Apply in mode and application range that there will be changes, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as to limit of the invention
System.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that the seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, which is characterized in that the method packet
It includes:
Using seismic detector acquisition controlled source in the earthquake initial data of research area excitation, the earthquake letter of controlled source excitation is obtained
Number S (i, j), i indicate seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation；
Using the seismic signal that the seismic detector adjacent with the controlled source acquires as source signal S (0, j), selective exitation is appointed
One time source signal carries out Short Time Fourier Transform, analyzes the time-frequency characteristics of source signal, obtains the effective time of source signal
Range and frequency range；
Source signal S (0, j) is intercepted according to effective time range, the focus after interception is believed using discrete cosine transform
It number carries out spectrum analysis and extracting the wavefield signals in effective frequency range, is denoted as Stf (0, j)；
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to filtered source signal Stf (0, j), calculates the optimal rotation angle of source signal
αopt；
To the controlled source excitation seismic signal intercepted according to effective time range, and according to effective frequency range into
Row filtering successively carries out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order using the optimal rotation angle, obtains the seismic phase of different earthquake instrument record；
Arrival time difference and apparent velocity are determined using the seismic phase.
2. the method that the seismic signal according to claim 1 for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, feature
It is, the earthquake initial data excited using seismic detector acquisition controlled source in research area obtains controlled source excitation
Seismic signal S (i, j), i indicate seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation, comprising:
In the preset range of controlled source layout points, one seismic detector is set, it is separated by a distance in research area further according to needing
Lay seismic detector, according to seismic detector at a distance from controlled source from the near to the remote, it is 0,1,2,3 that seismic detector, which is numbered, ... ...
The natural number being sequentially increased；According to the number that controlled source excites, the natural number for being denoted as 1,2,3 ... ... and being sequentially increased；Seismic detector
The seismic signal of the controlled source excitation of record is denoted as S (i, j), and i indicates seismographic number, and i=0 is indicated by controlled source
Side, j indicate the number of controlled source excitation.
3. the method that the seismic signal according to claim 2 for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, feature
It is, described using the seismic signal that the seismic detector adjacent with the controlled source acquires as source signal S (0, j), selection swashs
Any source signal of hair carries out Short Time Fourier Transform, analyzes the time-frequency characteristics of the source signal, obtains the shake
The effective time range and frequency range of source signal, comprising:
It is used as source signal with S (0, j), any time in S (0, j) source signal is chosen and carries out Short Time Fourier Transform；
Short Time Fourier Transform is carried out using the first formula, source signal is converted into time-frequency domain by temporal-spatial field,
First formula are as follows:
In formula, the time-frequency domain after STFT (t, f) expression Short Time Fourier Transform is as a result, the S (τ) in integral term indicates shake
The time series of source signal, for signal time from 0 to T, g (τ-t) is window function, and window when t is, constantly change t obtain source signal
In the corresponding frequency f of different t；
The strongest frequency range of energy is selected from T/F area image, origin coordinates is denoted as (t1,f1), cut-off coordinate is denoted as
(t2,f2), t1~t2As effective time range, f1~f2As effective frequency range, and it is suitable to all seismic signal S (i, j)
With.
4. the method that the seismic signal according to claim 3 for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, feature
It is, it is described that the source signal is intercepted according to effective time range, using discrete cosine transform to the shake after interception
Source signal carries out spectrum analysis and extracts the filtered source signal Stf (0, j) of the acquisition of the wavefield signals in effective frequency range, packet
It includes:
Any time in S (0, j) source signal is chosen, t is intercepted1~t2The signal of period is denoted as St (m), after m indicates interception
Signal sampling number, m=1 ..., M, using discrete cosine transform to after interception source signal carry out spectrum analysis, and
Extract effective frequency range f1~f2Interior wavefield signals obtain filtered source signal, are denoted as Stf (0, j)；
Discrete cosine transform, second formula are carried out using the second formula to St (m) are as follows:
In formula, DCT (k) indicate discrete cosine transform as a result, k be sampling number identical with m value,
Remember fsAbscissa for seismographic data sampling rate, DCT (k) is
By f in DCT (k)1~f2Data except range replace with 0, after obtaining frequency filtering as a result, being denoted as DCTf (k)；
Inverse discrete cosine transform is carried out to DCTf (k), obtains filtered source signal Stf (0, j).
5. the method that the seismic signal according to claim 4 for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, feature
It is, it is described that the optimal rotation angle α that Fourier Transform of Fractional Order calculates source signal is carried out to filtered source signalopt, packet
It includes:
The source signal for selecting any time in filtered source signal Stf (0, j) is carried out in fractional order Fu using third formula
Leaf transformation, the third formula are as follows:
In formula, n is integer, and FrFT is the function about u and conversion angle α, and the value range of α is (- π, π)；
The step of calculating the optimal rotation angle of source signal specifically includes as follows:
Using the optimal rotation angle α of the 4th formula computational theorytheory, the 4th formula are as follows:
F in formulasFor seismographic data sampling rate, f1~f2For the effective frequency range of source signal；
With αtheoryCentered on, it is d that step-length is arranged in the range of ± r, and r is a percentage, to filtered source signal
The iterative calculation of Stf (0, j) progress Fourier Transform of Fractional Order；
Selecting the rotation angle for keeping peak value of pulse highest, convergence best is optimal rotation angle αopt, the αoptTo all earthquakes
Signal, that is, S (i, j) is applicable in.
6. the method that the seismic signal according to claim 5 for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, feature
It is, the seismic signal of controlled source excitation is intercepted according to effective time range, and according to effective frequency range
It is filtered, successively carries out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order using the optimal rotation angle, obtain the seismic phase of different earthquake instrument record,
Include:
To the seismic signal S (i, j) of all controlled sources excitation, t is intercepted1~t2The signal of time range；
Using discrete cosine transform and its inverse transformation, f is extracted1~f2The signal of frequency range is denoted as Stf (i, j)；
According to optimal rotation angle αopt, Fourier Transform of Fractional Order is carried out to Stf (i, j), obtains the controllable of each seismic detector acquisition
The impulse function FrFT (i, j) for the seismic signal that focus excites every time；
The same seismographic FrFT (i, j) is overlapped, the earthquake of the controlled source excitation of each seismic detector acquisition is obtained
The seismic phase of signal, is denoted as FrFT (i).
7. the method that the seismic signal according to claim 6 for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, feature
It is, it is described to determine arrival time difference and apparent velocity using the seismic phase, comprising:
Using all seismographic seismic phase FrFT (i), the sampling point number where remembering their peak value of pulse is u (i), with it is described
Sampling point number u (0) where the adjacent seismographic seismic phase peak value of pulse of controlled source is zero moment；
The arrival time difference of seismic phase, the 5th formula are calculated using the 5th formula are as follows:
Δ t (i) is the arrival time difference of the seismic phase of No. i-th seismic detector acquisition in formula；
The apparent velocity of seismic phase, the 6th formula are calculated using the 6th formula are as follows:
In formula, v (i) is the apparent velocity of the seismic phase of No. i-th seismic detector acquisition, d (i) be No. i-th seismic detector and controlled source away from
From No. 0 seismic detector is the seismic detector adjacent with controlled source, it is believed that No. 0 seismic detector is 0 at a distance from controlled source.
8. the device that a kind of seismic signal for controlled source excitation quickly identifies seismic phase, which is characterized in that described device packet
It includes:
Acquisition unit, for, in the earthquake initial data of research area excitation, controllably being shaken using seismic detector acquisition controlled source
The seismic signal S (i, j) of source excitation, i indicate seismographic number, and j indicates the number of controlled source excitation；
Short Time Fourier Transform unit, for using the seismic signal that seismic detector corresponding with the controlled source acquires as focus
Signal S (0, j), any secondary source signal of selective exitation carry out the time-frequency characteristics of Short Time Fourier Transform analysis source signal,
Obtain the effective time range and frequency range of source signal；
Interception unit, for being intercepted to source signal according to effective time range, using discrete cosine transform to interception after
Source signal carry out spectrum analysis and extract the wavefield signals in effective frequency range obtaining filtered source signal Stf (0, j)；
Fourier Transform of Fractional Order unit calculates focus letter for carrying out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order to filtered source signal
Number optimal rotation angle αopt；
Seismic phase acquiring unit, the seismic signal for exciting to the controlled source are intercepted according to effective time range, and
It is filtered according to effective frequency range, successively carries out Fourier Transform of Fractional Order using the optimal rotation angle, obtained different
The seismic phase of seismic detector record；
Determination unit, for determining arrival time difference and apparent velocity using the seismic phase.
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