CN108525703B - Ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin and a preparation method thereof, the catalyst is prepared by matching diacid type ionic liquid with metal chloride, the diacid type ionic liquid is prepared by anion exchange between sulfonic acid type ionic liquid and Lewis acid, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is prepared by reacting an ionic liquid precursor with hydrochloric acid, the ionic liquid precursor is prepared by reacting alkyl imidazole and alkane sultone, and the structural general formula of the catalyst is as follows:
wherein R is1Is composed of
One of (1); r2Is composed of
M1Is metal Al or Fe; m2M3Is the combination of any two metals of Ni, Cu, Zn and Sn; n is 7 to 10.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the catalyst preparation technology in the field of organic synthesis.
Background
The high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene is a main raw material for synthesizing sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate serving as a detergent, and is prepared by carrying out alkylation reaction on toluene (xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene and the like) and C16, C18 and C20-24 long-chain olefins under the action of a strong acid catalyst, wherein AlCl is mainly used as a commonly used strong acid catalyst3、HF、BF3And concentrated sulfuric acid, etc., but most of the catalysts have great corrosivity and toxicity, especially have serious corrosion to equipment, great investment and high equipment requirement, and have the problems of difficult product aftertreatment, more 'three wastes', etc. Therefore, the development of an acidic catalyst which is environmentally friendly, has low corrosiveness, and can be recycled is becoming a great trend.
The ionic liquid as an ionic compound with a special form is widely applied to organic synthesis reaction, plays an important role as a solvent, a catalyst, a template agent and the like, and has great significance in the aspects of chemical synthesis and chemical industrial application. The acidic ionic liquid has the advantages of both solid acid and liquid acid, provides and improves suitable reaction conditions, improves reaction conversion rate, reduces cost and is environment-friendly in application of a plurality of organic reactions such as esterification reaction, alkylation reaction and the like. Therefore, the application of the ionic liquid in the aspect of the catalyst is greatly concerned, and the acidic ionic liquid can effectively replace inorganic acid to carry out corresponding catalytic reaction.
In recent years, reports of preparation methods for preparing chloroaluminate-type ionic liquids by combining aluminum trichloride with imidazolium salts or alkyl ammonium salts are increasing, and chinese patent CN1225617A reports that chloroaluminate-type ionic liquid catalysts prepared by combining aluminum trichloride with alkyl-containing amine organic salts are used for catalyzing alkylation reactions of olefins with average carbon number of C10 or more and chloroalkanes with average carbon number of C6 or more; chinese patent CN102703112A describes a preparation method of additive modified chlorogallate ionic liquid catalyst, which is used for catalyzing the alkylation reaction of butylene and isobutane; chinese patent CN106939173A describes a sulfuric acid and ionic liquid BMIM][PF6]A preparation method of the composite catalyst, wherein the catalyst is used for catalyzing alkylation of isobutane and C4 olefin; chinese patent CN102516128A discloses a synthesis process of methyl diphenylmethanedicarbamate by adopting Bronsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysis, the ionic liquid catalyst has better catalytic performance, but the catalyst has the problems of unstable structure, poor recycling performance and the like in the use process. The catalysts reported in the above research are mostly applied to alkylation reaction of low-carbon olefins, and the research reports applied to alkylation reaction of long-chain olefins are few. Therefore, the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing the high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylating the long olefin has better theoretical significance and application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene, which is prepared by matching a double-acid type ionic liquid with a metal chloride, wherein the double-acid type ionic liquid is prepared by carrying out anion exchange on a sulfonic acid type ionic liquid and Lewis acid, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is prepared by reacting an ionic liquid precursor with hydrochloric acid, the ionic liquid precursor is prepared by reacting alkyl imidazole with alkane sultone, and the catalyst has the structural general formula:
wherein R is1Is composed of
One of (1);
R2is composed of
M1Is metal Al or Fe; m2M3Is the combination of any two metals of Ni, Cu, Zn and Sn; n is 7 to 10.
Ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin
The preparation method of the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkylbenzene comprises the following steps:
step a), adding alkane sultone and alkyl imidazole into a reaction kettle at room temperature, reacting for 6-12 h at 50-80 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, and removing upper organic matters to obtain a lower product, wherein the organic solvent is used for: washing the lower-layer product for 1-3 times by using an organic solvent according to the mass ratio of the lower-layer product to the lower-layer product of 0.5: 1-3: 1, standing for layering, removing an organic solvent washing layer, and drying the washed lower-layer product at 60-70 ℃ for 2-6 hours in vacuum to obtain an ionic liquid precursor;
step b) at room temperature, dissolving the ionic liquid precursor prepared in the step a) in water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid, reacting for 0.1-1 h after 0.1-0.5 h of dropwise adding, heating to 80-90 ℃, continuing to react for 2-6 h, removing water in vacuum at 70-80 ℃ for 2-3 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid;
step c), at room temperature, adding toluene and the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid prepared in the step b) into a reaction kettle, adding Lewis acid into the reaction kettle in batches, completing the addition within 1-3 h, reacting for 0.5-1.5 h, heating to 80-100 ℃, continuing to react for 2-6 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the double-acid type ionic liquid;
step d) at room temperature, N2Under protection, adding the metal chloride and the diacid ionic liquid prepared in the step c) into a reaction kettle, uniformly mixing, reacting for 1-3 h at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the preparation method, the alkane sultone in the step a) is 1, 3-propane sultone or 1, 4-butane sultone, the alkyl imidazole is one of 1-butyl imidazole, 1-pentyl imidazole or 1-hexyl imidazole, and the organic solvent is one of ethyl acetate, diethyl ether or toluene or the combination of the two.
The hydrochloric acid in step b) of the preparation method is 20-30 wt.% of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution.
In the step c) of the preparation method, the Lewis acid is AlCl3Or FeCl3The metal chloride is NiCl2、ZnCl2、CuCl2、CuCl、SnCl2、SnCl4A combination of any two of the above.
In step a) of the preparation method, the alkane sultone: the molar ratio of the alkyl imidazole is 1:1 to 2: 1.
In the step b), the water: the mass ratio of the ionic liquid precursor is 2: 1-5: 1; the hydrochloric acid: the mass ratio of the ionic liquid precursor is 0.1: 1-0.4: 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps of c) toluene: the volume ratio of the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is 1: 1-3: 1, and the Lewis acid: the molar ratio of the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is 1: 1-4: 1.
In step d) of the preparation method, the metal chloride: the mass ratio of the double-acid ionic liquid is 0.001: 1-0.01: 1.
Has the advantages that: the invention aims to provide an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin and a preparation method thereof. The invention is characterized in that:
(1) the ionic liquid catalyst is synthesized by alkyl imidazole, alkane sultone, Lewis acid and metal chloride, has the double-acid characteristic of Bronsted acidity and Lewis acidity, can better improve the reaction activity under the synergistic action of two different types of acidic functional sites, and greatly improves the reaction conversion rate.
(2) The anion part of the ionic catalyst contains three metals, and the regulation and control of the catalytic performance of the ionic catalyst can be realized by regulating the metal type, the metal valence and the metal combination mode, such as: al (Al)3+、Zn2+、Cu+The combination of the three kinds of valence state metals can form an inverted cone structure with empty coordination sites, and the structure has higher structural stability, so that the structural stability of the ionic catalyst is obviously improved, the service life of the catalyst is greatly prolonged, in addition, the empty coordination sites in the structure can be preferentially coordinated with olefin, the effect of stabilizing the olefin is achieved, the occurrence of side reactions is reduced, and the catalytic selectivity and the product yield are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin and a preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing the high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylating the long olefin comprises the following steps:
step a) at room temperature, according to the following formula: adding the alkyl imidazole and alkane sultone into a reaction kettle according to the molar ratio of 1: 1-2: 1, reacting for 6-12 h at 50-80 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, and removing upper organic matters to obtain a lower-layer product, wherein the molar ratio of the alkyl imidazole to the alkane sultone is 1: 1-2: 1, and the lower-layer product is obtained according to the following organic solvent: washing the lower-layer product for 1-3 times by using an organic solvent according to the mass ratio of the lower-layer product to the lower-layer product of 0.5: 1-3: 1, standing for layering, removing an organic solvent washing layer, and drying the washed lower-layer product at 60-70 ℃ for 2-6 hours in vacuum to obtain an ionic liquid precursor;
step b) at room temperature, mixing the following components: the mass ratio of the ionic liquid precursor is 2: 1-5: 1, dissolving the ionic liquid precursor prepared in the step a) in water, and mixing the ionic liquid precursor with hydrochloric acid: dropwise adding hydrochloric acid into the ionic liquid precursor at a mass ratio of 0.1: 1-0.4: 1, reacting for 0.1-1 h after 0.1-0.5 h of dripping, heating to 80-90 ℃, continuing to react for 2-6 h, and removing water in vacuum at 70-80 ℃ for 2-3 h to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid;
step c) at room temperature, adding toluene: the volume ratio of the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is 1: 1-3: 1, toluene and the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid prepared in the step b) are added into a reaction kettle, and the reaction is carried out according to the following steps of: adding Lewis acid into a reaction kettle in batches according to the molar ratio of 1: 1-4: 1, completing the addition within 1-3 h, reacting for 0.5-1.5 h, heating to 80-100 ℃, continuing to react for 2-6 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the double-acid ionic liquid;
step d) at room temperature, N2Under protection, according to the metal chloride: mass ratio of double-acid ionic liquidAdding metal chloride and the diacid ionic liquid prepared in the step c) into a reaction kettle, uniformly mixing, reacting at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 1-3 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin, wherein the ratio of the metal chloride to the diacid ionic liquid is 0.001: 1-0.01: 1.
In the preparation method of the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin, in step a), the alkane sultone is 1, 3-propane sultone or 1, 4-butane sultone, the alkyl imidazole is one of 1-butyl imidazole, 1-pentyl imidazole and 1-hexyl imidazole, and the organic solvent is one or a combination of two of ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and toluene; the hydrochloric acid in the step b) of the preparation method is 20-30 wt.% of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution; the Lewis acid in the step c) of the preparation method is AlCl3Or FeCl3The metal chloride is NiCl2、ZnCl2、CuCl2、CuCl、SnCl2、SnCl4A combination of two of the above.
Evaluation of catalyst alkylation Performance:
according to the ionic liquid catalyst: the mass ratio of long-chain olefin is 0.1:1, toluene (or xylene or ethylbenzene or benzene): adding toluene (or xylene or ethylbenzene or benzene), long-chain olefin and ionic liquid catalyst into a reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5h at 50 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, and distilling the upper layer organic matter to remove unreacted toluene (or xylene or ethylbenzene or benzene) in the raw materials to obtain the high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene. And (5) inspecting the bromine value of the high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene.
The bromine number X of the benzene products is measured according to GB/T1815, and the calculation formula is as follows:
X(g/100mL)＝(V1-V2)×0.008÷5×100
V1: the amount of the sodium thiosulfate standard solution consumed in the blank test is mL;
V2: titrating the amount of the consumed sodium thiosulfate standard solution in mL during the test;
0.008: the amount of 1mL of sodium thiosulfate standard solution corresponds to the amount of bromine, g.
The ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin is prepared by matching diacid type ionic liquid and metal chloride, wherein the diacid type ionic liquid is prepared by carrying out anion exchange on sulfonic acid type ionic liquid and Lewis acid, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is prepared by reacting an ionic liquid precursor with hydrochloric acid, and the ionic liquid precursor is prepared by reacting alkyl imidazole and alkane sultone.
Example 1:
adding 12.214g of 1, 3-propane sultone and 12.418g of 1-butylimidazole into a reaction kettle at 25 ℃, reacting for 6 hours at 50 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, washing a lower-layer product with 12.316g of ethyl acetate, and drying the washed lower-layer product at 60 ℃ for 2 hours in vacuum to obtain an ionic liquid precursor; completely dissolving the ionic liquid precursor in 49.265g of water at 25 ℃, dropwise adding 2.463g of 20 wt.% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, reacting for 6 minutes after dropwise adding within 6 minutes, heating to 80 ℃, continuing to react for 2 hours, and removing water under vacuum at 70 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid; at 25 ℃, adding all the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid into a reaction kettle, adding 30mL of toluene, and adding 13.333g of AlCl3Adding the mixture into a reaction kettle in batches, reacting for 0.5h after the addition is finished within 1h, heating to 80 ℃, continuing to react for 2h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the diacid ionic liquid; at 25 ℃ and N2Under protection, 0.0380g of NiCl is added2And 0.0380g of ZnCl2Adding the mixture into the diacid ionic liquid, uniformly mixing, reacting for 1h at the temperature of 80 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin.
92.138g of toluene, 25.200g of octadecene and 2.520g of ionic liquid catalyst are added into a reaction kettle, the mixture reacts for 0.5h at the temperature of 50 ℃, the mixture is cooled to the room temperature, the mixture is kept stand for layering, and the organic matter on the upper layer is taken to be distilled to remove the unreacted toluene in the raw materials, so that the long-chain alkylbenzene is obtained. The bromine number of the long-chain alkylbenzene was 0.071g/100 mL.
Example 2:
27.234g of 1, 4-butane sultone and 13.821g of 1-pentyl imidazole are added into a reaction kettle at 25 ℃, reacted for 12 hours at 80 ℃, cooled to room temperature, and then kept stand for layeringWashing the layer product with 82.314g diethyl ether for 3 times, and vacuum drying the washed lower layer product at 70 deg.C for 6h to obtain ionic liquid precursor; completely dissolving the ionic liquid precursor in 137.190g of water at 25 ℃, dropwise adding 10.976g of 30 wt.% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, reacting for 1h after 0.5h of dropwise addition, heating to 90 ℃, continuing to react for 6h, and removing water at 80 ℃ in vacuum for 3h to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid; at 25 ℃, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is added into a reaction kettle, 90mL of toluene is added, and 48.661g of FeCl is added3Adding the mixture into a reaction kettle in batches, reacting for 1.5 hours after the addition of 3 hours is finished, heating to 100 ℃, continuing to react for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the double-acid ionic liquid; at 25 ℃ and N2Under protection, 0.924g of CuCl is added2And 0.924g of CuCl is added into the double-acid type ionic liquid, mixed uniformly, reacted for 3 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and cooled to room temperature, thus obtaining the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin.
Adding 106.2g of xylene, 22.400g of hexadecene and 2.240g of ionic liquid catalyst into a reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5h at 50 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, and distilling an upper layer organic matter to remove unreacted xylene in the raw material to obtain the high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene. The bromine number of the high carbon chain alkylbenzene is 0.016g/100 mL.
Example 3:
adding 20.426g of 1, 4-butane sultone and 15.224g of 1-hexyl imidazole into a reaction kettle at 25 ℃, reacting for 8h at 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, washing a lower-layer product with 43.261g of toluene for 2 times, and vacuum-drying the washed lower-layer product at 65 ℃ for 4h to obtain an ionic liquid precursor; completely dissolving the ionic liquid precursor in 86.520g of water at 25 ℃, dropwise adding 5.768g of 25 wt.% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, reacting for 0.5h after 18 minutes of dropwise addition, heating to 85 ℃, continuing to react for 3h, and removing water at 75 ℃ in vacuum for 2.5h to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid; at 25 ℃, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is added into a reaction kettle, 60mL of toluene is added, and 26.667g of AlCl is added3Adding the mixture into a reaction kettle in batches, reacting for 1h after the addition of 2h, heating to 90 ℃, continuing to react for 4h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the diacid ionic liquid; at 25 ℃ and N2Under protection, 0.278g of S is addednCl2And 0.278g of SnCl4Adding the mixture into the diacid ionic liquid, uniformly mixing, reacting for 2h at 90 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin.
106.2g of ethylbenzene, 25.200g of octadecene and 2.520g of ionic liquid catalyst are added into a reaction kettle, the mixture reacts for 0.5h at the temperature of 50 ℃, the mixture is cooled to the room temperature, and after standing and layering, the upper layer organic matter is taken to be distilled to remove the unreacted ethylbenzene in the raw materials, so that the high carbon chain alkylbenzene is obtained. The bromine number of the high carbon chain alkylbenzene is 0.002g/100 mL.
Example 4:
adding 20.426g of 1, 4-butane sultone and 15.224g of 1-hexyl imidazole into a reaction kettle at 25 ℃, reacting for 10h at 80 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, washing a lower-layer product with 43.261g of toluene for 3 times, and vacuum-drying the washed lower-layer product at 65 ℃ for 3h to obtain an ionic liquid precursor; completely dissolving the ionic liquid precursor in 57.680g of water at 25 ℃, dropwise adding 5.768g of 20 wt.% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, reacting for 48 minutes after dropwise adding for 12 minutes, heating to 85 ℃, continuing to react for 4 hours, and removing water in vacuum at 75 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid; at 25 ℃, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is added into a reaction kettle, 45mL of toluene is added, and 26.667g of AlCl is added3Adding the mixture into a reaction kettle in batches, reacting for 1h after the addition of 2h, heating to 80 ℃, continuing to react for 5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the diacid ionic liquid; at 25 ℃ and N2Under protection, 0.167g of SnCl2And 0.111g of SnCl4Adding the mixture into the diacid ionic liquid, uniformly mixing, reacting for 2h at 90 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin.
78.114g of benzene, 22.400g of hexadecene and 2.240g of ionic liquid catalyst are added into a reaction kettle, the mixture reacts for 0.5h at the temperature of 50 ℃, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and stands for layering, and then the organic matter on the upper layer is taken to be distilled to remove the unreacted benzene in the raw materials, so that the high carbon chain alkylbenzene is obtained. The bromine number of the high carbon chain alkylbenzene was 0.014g/100 mL.
Example 5:
at 25 ℃, 20 ℃ in426g of 1, 4-butane sultone and 12.418g of 1-butyl imidazole are added into a reaction kettle, the mixture reacts for 7 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, the mixture is cooled to room temperature and then stands for layering, the lower-layer product is washed for 3 times by 26.035g of toluene, and the washed lower-layer product is dried for 2 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain an ionic liquid precursor; completely dissolving the ionic liquid precursor in 52.071g of water at 25 ℃, dropwise adding 4.927g of 30 wt.% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, reacting for 1h after 18 min, heating to 85 ℃ and continuing to react for 6h, and vacuum dehydrating for 2.5h at 75 ℃ to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid; at 25 ℃, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is added into a reaction kettle, 60mL of toluene is added, and 26.667g of AlCl is added3Adding the mixture into a reaction kettle in batches, reacting for 1h after the addition of 2h, heating to 80 ℃, continuing to react for 3h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the diacid ionic liquid; at 25 ℃ and N2Under protection, 0.103g of SnCl2And 0.103g of CuCl is added into the double-acid type ionic liquid, mixed evenly, reacted for 3 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃, and cooled to room temperature, thus obtaining the ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylation of long-chain olefin.
92.138g of toluene, 25.200g of octadecene and 2.520g of ionic liquid catalyst are added into a reaction kettle, the mixture reacts for 0.5h at the temperature of 50 ℃, the mixture is cooled to the room temperature, the mixture is kept stand for layering, and the organic matter on the upper layer is taken to be distilled to remove the unreacted toluene in the raw materials, so that the high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene is obtained. The bromine number of the high carbon chain alkylbenzene is 0.004g/100 mL.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of ionic liquid catalyst of high carbon chain alkylbenzene is characterized in that the catalyst is obtained by matching diacid type ionic liquid with metal chloride, the diacid type ionic liquid is prepared by anion exchange between sulfonic acid type ionic liquid and Lewis acid, the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is obtained by reaction of ionic liquid precursor and hydrochloric acid, the ionic liquid precursor is prepared by reaction of alkyl imidazole and alkane sultone, and the structural general formula of the catalyst is as follows:
wherein R is1In order to realize the purpose,
one of (1);
R2is composed of
M1Is metallic Fe; m2M3Selected from the metals Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn; wherein M is2M3One of them is Cu and is monovalent Cu, n is 7-10;
an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylating long-chain olefin;
the preparation method of the ionic liquid catalyst comprises the following steps:
step a), adding alkane sultone and alkyl imidazole into a reaction kettle at room temperature, reacting for 6-12 h at 50-80 ℃, cooling to room temperature, standing for layering, and removing upper organic matters to obtain a lower product, wherein the organic solvent is used for: washing the lower-layer product for 1-3 times by using an organic solvent according to the mass ratio of the lower-layer product to the lower-layer product of 0.5: 1-3: 1, standing for layering, removing an organic solvent washing layer, and drying the washed lower-layer product at 60-70 ℃ for 2-6 hours in vacuum to obtain an ionic liquid precursor;
step b) at room temperature, dissolving the ionic liquid precursor prepared in the step a) in water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid, reacting for 0.1-1 h after 0.1-0.5 h of dropwise adding, heating to 80-90 ℃, continuing to react for 2-6 h, removing water in vacuum at 70-80 ℃ for 2-3 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain sulfonic acid type ionic liquid;
step c), at room temperature, adding toluene and the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid prepared in the step b) into a reaction kettle, adding Lewis acid into the reaction kettle in batches, completing the addition within 1-3 h, reacting for 0.5-1.5 h, heating to 80-100 ℃, continuing to react for 2-6 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the double-acid type ionic liquid;
step d) at room temperature, N2Under protection, adding metal chloride and the diacid ionic liquid prepared in the step c) into a reaction kettle, uniformly mixing, reacting for 1-3 h at 80-100 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the product for long chainAn ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high-carbon-chain alkylbenzene by alkylating olefin.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkane sultone in step a) is 1, 3-propane sultone or 1, 4-butane sultone, the alkyl imidazole is one of 1-butyl imidazole, 1-pentyl imidazole or 1-hexyl imidazole, and the organic solvent is one or a combination of ethyl acetate, diethyl ether or toluene.
3. The method for preparing ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkylbenzene according to claim 1, wherein the hydrochloric acid in step b) is 20-30 wt.% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
4. The method for preparing ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkylbenzene as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid is FeCl in step c) of the preparation method3The metal chloride is CuCl and NiCl2、ZnCl2、SnCl2、SnCl4A combination of one of the above.
5. The method for preparing an ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkylbenzene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step a) of the preparation method, the ratio of alkane sultone: the molar ratio of the alkyl imidazole is 1:1 to 2: 1.
6. The method for preparing ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkyl benzene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step b) of the preparation method, the water: the mass ratio of the ionic liquid precursor is 2: 1-5: 1; the hydrochloric acid: the mass ratio of the ionic liquid precursor is 0.1: 1-0.4: 1.
7. The method for preparing ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkyl benzene as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of toluene: the volume ratio of the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is 1: 1-3: 1, and the Lewis acid: the molar ratio of the sulfonic acid type ionic liquid is 1: 1-4: 1.
8. The method for preparing ionic liquid catalyst for preparing high carbon chain alkyl benzene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step d) of the preparation method, the ratio of metal chloride: the mass ratio of the double-acid ionic liquid is 0.001: 1-0.01: 1.
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