CN108522517A - 一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物的应用 - Google Patents
一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108522517A CN108522517A CN201710118773.3A CN201710118773A CN108522517A CN 108522517 A CN108522517 A CN 108522517A CN 201710118773 A CN201710118773 A CN 201710118773A CN 108522517 A CN108522517 A CN 108522517A
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- difenoconazole
- zen
- peanut
- plant
- cercosporaarachidicola
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物的应用涉及的是一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的应用。本发明含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途,所述啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的比例为20:1‑1:20,其中啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以该组合对降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染存在协同增效效果的比例使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物的应用涉及的是一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的应用。
背景技术
花生是世界上重要的经济作物和油料作物。在世界范围内,病害是造成花生减产的重要因素之一。其中,花生叶斑病在所有花生产区都发生或流行。花生叶斑病主要由两种真菌引起,分别为落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢。应用杀菌剂是当前田间防治叶斑病的重要措施。但是化学农药的不合理使用及过量使用会引起人畜中毒、生态环境破坏和植物药害等一系类问题。
降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染,当前使用的综合管理措施主要为如下措施:
-加强栽培管理,创造不利于发病的微生态环境;
-适期播种;
-合理密植;
-施足底肥,促进花生健壮生长;
然而,这些纯预防性措施并不令人满意且效力并不可靠,尤其当盛行的气候条件有利于真菌侵染时。应用杀菌剂是当前田间防治叶斑病的重要措施。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物的应用,用于花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的化合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的应用。
惊人的是,已经发现联合使用啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑降低或防止了花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途,其中啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以该组合对降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染存在协同增效效果的比例使用。
啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的比例优选为 20:1-1:20,更优选15:1-1:15,更优选10:1-1:10,更优选5:1-1:5。
本发明提供一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物同时处理或分别处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以种子处理、叶面施用、茎施用、浸透、滴注、浇注、喷射、喷雾、撒粉、散布或发烟等方式处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
发明详述
落花生尾孢引起早斑病,又称褐斑病;落花生短胖孢引起晚斑病,又称黑斑病。早斑病和晚斑病统称花生叶斑病。早斑病病菌无性阶段未半知菌亚门尾孢属落花生尾孢,有性阶段为子囊菌纲球腔菌属落花生球腔菌。晚斑病菌无性阶段为半知菌类短胖孢属落花生短胖孢,有性阶段为子囊菌纲球腔菌属伯克利球腔菌。
花生叶斑病害田间防控将是以高效、低毒新型药剂为主,结合多种农艺措施进行综合防治。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途。
啶氧菌酯(Picoxystrobin),是由先正达公司开发的一种新型的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂。啶氧菌酯已经描述于EP278595中。啶氧菌酯对小麦叶枯病、网斑病和云纹病有很好的治疗效果。
苯醚甲环唑(Difenoconazole), 是由先正达公司开发的三唑类杀菌剂。苯醚甲环唑已经描述于GB2098607中。
CN104430383公开了一种含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物。该杀菌组合物用来防治香蕉、苹果、水稻、西瓜、辣椒作物上的叶斑病、炭疽病、霜霉病、褐斑病、蔓枯病、稻曲病、锈病病害。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途,其中啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以该组合对降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染存在协同增效效果的比例使用。啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的比例优选为20:1-1:20,更优选15:1-1:15,更优选10:1-1:10,更优选5:1-1:5。
啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的比例还可以是:20:1,19:1,18:1,17:1,16:1,15:1,14:1,13:1,12:1,11:1,10:1,9:1,8:1,7:1,6:1,5:1,4:1,3:1,2:1,1.5:1,1:1,1:1.5,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:5,1:5.25,1:5.5,1:6,1:7,1:8,1:9,1:10,1:11,1:12,1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16,1:17,1:18,1:19,1:20。
啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑还可以与下列杀真菌剂联合施用:
-酰基丙氨酸类,例如苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、噁霜灵(oxadixyl);
-胺衍生物,例如4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、多果定(dodine)、吗菌灵(dodemorph) 、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、螺噁茂胺(spiroxamine)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
-苯胺基嘧啶类,例如二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)或环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil);
-抗菌素,例如放线菌酮(cycloheximide)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、春雷霉素(kasugamycin)、多马霉素(natamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)或链霉素 (streptomycin);
-唑类,例如双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromoconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、烯唑醇(dinitroconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、 5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶;
-二羧酰亚胺类,如异菌脲(iprodione)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、腐霉利(procymidone)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
-二硫代氨基甲酸盐类,如福美铁(ferbam)、代森钠(nabam)、代森锰 (maneb)、代森猛锌(mancozeb)、威百亩(metam)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、福美双(thiram)、福美锌(ziram)、代森锌(zineb);
-杂环化合物,如敌菌灵(anilazine)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、棉隆(dazomet)、二噻农(dithianon)、,噁唑酮菌 (famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、麦穗宁 (fuberidazole)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、丙氧灭锈胺(mepronil)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、吡喹酮(pyrifenox)、咯喹酮 (pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、涕必灵 (thiabendazole)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、三环唑(tricyclazole);
-铜杀真菌剂,如波尔多液(Bordeau混合物)、醋酸铜、王铜(copperoxychloride)、碱式硫酸铜;
-苯基吡咯类,如拌种咯(feniclonil)或氟噁菌(fludioxonil);
-次磺酸衍生物,如敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、抑菌灵 (dichlofluanid)、灭菌丹(folpet)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid);
-肉桂酰胺及类似化合物,如烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)或氟吗啉(flumorph)。
-嗜球果伞素类(strobilurins),如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、或肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin);
其它杀真菌剂,如噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、苯噻菌胺 (benthiavalicarb)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、克瘟散(edifenphos)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、乙膦铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、六氯苯 (hexachlorobenzene)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、百维灵(propamocarb)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、甲基立枯磷 (tolclofos-methyl)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamid)。
啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的联合使用对降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染存在协同增效效果。“协同增效”是指以超加和方式增加对落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢真菌侵染的作用。以基于单一活性化合物的活性所预期的相比,啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的联合使用更有效显著降低了花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。
啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式来施用。常规配制剂例如为可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、悬乳剂、微囊剂、种衣剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、水分散粒剂、泡沫剂、膏剂、气雾剂、超低容量喷雾液、颗粒剂。在每种配制剂形式下,应确保本发明所用活性化合物以及助剂的最佳可能的分布。
本发明的所述配制剂可通过已知方式将所述活性成分与填充剂和/或表面活性剂混合而制备,还可添加其他常规添加剂,如催干剂和着色剂、稳定剂、颜料、消泡剂、防腐剂、增稠剂等。
根据本发明,术语“填充剂”指可与活性化合物相组合或联合以使其更易于施用给对象(例如植物、作物或草类)的天然或合成的有机或无机化合物。因此,所述填充剂优选为惰性的,至少应为农业可接受的。所述填充剂可以为固体或液体。
液体填充剂通常为:水,酒精类(例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇等)、酮类(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二异丁基甲酮、环己酮等)、醚类(例如乙醚、二恶烷、甲基纤维素、四氢呋喃等)、脂肪族碳氢化合物类(例如煤油、矿物油等)、芳香族碳氢化合物类(例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶剂油、烷基萘、氯代芳烃、氯代脂肪烃、氯苯等)、卤化碳氢化合物类、酰胺类、砜类、二甲基亚砜、矿物和植物油、动物油等。
固体填充剂通常为:植物质粉末类(例如大豆粉、淀粉、谷物粉、木粉、树皮粉、锯末、核桃壳粉、麸皮、纤维素粉末、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎的颗粒,提取植物精华后的残渣等)、纸张、锯末,粉碎合成树脂等的合成聚合体、黏土类(例如高岭土、皂土、酸性瓷土等)、滑石粉类。硅石类(例如硅藻土、硅砂、云母、含水硅酸,硅酸钙)、活性炭、天然矿物质类(浮石、绿坡缕石及沸石等)、烧制硅藻土、砂、塑料媒介等(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯等)、氯化钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钙等的无机矿物性粉末、硫酸铵、磷酸铵、尿素、氯化铵等的化学肥料、土肥,这些物质可以单独使用或者2种以上混用。
为使有效成分化合物乳化、分散、可溶化、以及/或者润湿可以使用表面活性剂例如可以列举脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯高级脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯醇或酚的磷酸酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯、烷基芳基磺酸、萘磺酸聚合物、木质素磺酸盐、高分子梳形的支状共聚物、丁基萘磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、油脂、脂肪醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、烷基牛磺酸盐等聚丙烯酸盐、蛋白质水解物。合适的低聚糖物或聚合物,例如基于单独的乙烯单体、丙烯酸、聚氧乙烯和/或聚氧丙烯或者其与例如(多元)醇或(多元)胺的结合。
配制剂中还可使用增粘剂例如羧甲基纤维素,及粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然及合成聚合物,例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇及聚乙酸乙烯酯或天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂及卵磷脂,及合成磷脂。其它添加剂为矿物油及植物油。
可能使用的着色剂如无机颜料,例如,氧化铁,氧化钛和普鲁士兰,和有机染料,如茜素染料,偶氮染料或金属酞箐染料,和痕量营养素,如铁,锰,硼,酮,钴,钼和锌盐。
可能使用的崩解剂选自:膨润土、尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铝、柠檬酸、丁二酸、碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种。
可能使用的稳定剂选自:柠檬酸钠、间苯二酚中的一种。
可能使用的防冻剂选自:乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、尿素中的一种或多种。
所述的消泡剂选自:硅油、硅酮类化合物、C10-20 饱和脂肪酸类化合物、C8-10脂肪醇类化合物中的一种或多种。
任选地,还可包含其它附加组分,例如保护胶体、粘合剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂。
本发明所述的杀菌组合物还可以与其它具有除草、杀虫或杀菌性能的药剂,特别是与保护性杀菌混合使用,也可以与杀虫剂、防护剂、生长调节剂、植物营养素或土壤调节剂混合使用。
若啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑与其他杀真菌剂组合使用,则优选将它们与一种或两种其他杀真菌剂联合使用。
本发明所述的组合物可以以制剂形式为主,即组合物中各物质已经混合;组合物的成分也可以单剂形式提供,使用前在桶或罐中混合,然后稀释至所需的浓度。其中优选以本发明提供的配制剂形式为主。
本发明提供一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物同时处理或分别处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以种子处理、叶面施用、茎施用、浸透、滴注、浇注、喷射、喷雾、撒粉、散布或发烟等方式处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,将含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物与植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官接触。
本发明的啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑组合/联合施用。包括分开、依次或同时施用啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑。优选地,所述啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑组合为包含啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的组合物的配制剂形式。施用时间、施用次数和在每种情况下使用的施用率必须与盛行的条件相适应且必须由本领域熟练技术人员对每一单独的情况确定。本发明的啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑在分开使用的情况下,优选在几秒至几天,例如几秒至14天或几秒至7天的间隔内。
对花生或花生收获物的处理可以是保护性和治疗性的。可以在被有害真菌侵染之前或之后。优选在尽可能接近侵染的时间进行,即在尽可能接近侵染的时间点时的侵染之前或之后。
本发明的含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物可以在作物保护中用作叶面杀真菌剂,亦可作为杀真菌剂用于拌种和用作土壤杀真菌剂、亦可作采后贮存物防腐保鲜剂。
本发明所述的“植物”可以指植物生长的所有阶段。
术语“植物繁殖材料”应理解为指所有有繁殖能力的植物部分,例如种子,其能用于繁殖后者,以及植物性材料例如扦插条或块茎。因此,本文中所使用的植物部分包括植物繁殖材料。可以提及的是例如种子,根,果实,块茎,鳞茎,根茎和植物部分。待从土壤中发芽后或出苗后抑制的发芽植株和有效植株。幼小植株可以在移植前通过浸渍进行全部或局部处理来进行保护。
本发明优选的植物繁殖材料是种子。本发明所述的杀菌组合物也特别适合处理种子。大部分的有害真菌引起的作物损害是由于在储存期间或播种之后以及在植物发芽过程中或发芽后的种子的侵害而引起的。由于生长期植物的根和枝条特别敏感并且即使小的损害也能导致植物的死亡。这个阶段是特别关键的,因为通过使用合适的组合物保护种子和发芽的植物非常重要。
本发明也特别涉及通过用本发明的含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物来处理种子以降低或防止种子和发芽植物免受被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。该方法使得在播种后或植物发芽后无需额外施用作物保护剂或至少显著地额外施用作物保护剂。另一方面,利用本发明所述的杀菌组合物优化所使用的活性化合物的量,以最大程度地提供种子和发芽植物的保护以免受植物病原性真菌的侵袭,而植物本身不会受到所使用活性化合物的损害。
本发明的含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物中活性化合物啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑单独或以适宜的配制剂的形式施用于种子。优选地在充分稳定的状态下处理以至于处理不会引起对种子的任何损害。通常,可在采摘和播种之间的任意时间点进行处理种子。通常所使用的种子从植物分离并且从穗轴、壳、茎、表皮、毛或果肉分离出。因此,可以使用例如,已被采摘、清洁及干燥至含水量低于15%的种子。可选择地,也可以使用干燥后例如用水处理,然后又再次干燥的种子。
种子处理的方法,例如可列举有,稀释液体或固体状的药剂或者不用稀释直接将种子浸泡在液体状态溶液中使药剂浸透种子的方法、将固体药剂或液体药剂与种子混合在一起,进行包衣处理使种子表面附着药剂的方法、在种植的同时在种子附近喷洒等方法。
危害出芽后植物的植物病原性真菌的控制主要通过使用作物保护剂处理土壤和植物的地上部分来进行。
本发明的含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物也可以用于处理土壤以降低或防止被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。向土壤中施用药剂的方法,例如将液体药剂稀释于水中或不稀释直接施用于植物体的根部或育秧用的秧田中等方法,将颗粒剂散播到植物体的根部或者育秧的秧田中的方法有在播种前将粉剂、水分散粒剂等喷洒于土壤中并与土壤整体混合的方法,播种前或栽种植物体前将粉剂、水分散粒剂稀释后喷洒于种植孔、播种沟中,在进行播种的方法等。
本发明的含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物可以用于处理植物或植物地上部分以降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。在对植物或植物地上部分施用时,啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑以含水喷雾液形式使用。施用优选通过喷雾进行。将喷雾液喷雾于植物的整个地面上部分或仅喷雾于各植物部分。待施用喷雾液的各植物部分的选择取决于植物品种及其发育阶段。
本发明的含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物也可以用于处理贮存物以降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。
根据本发明,将术语“贮存物”理解为是指已经源自天然生命循环且希望长期保存的植物或动物性来源的天然物质和其经加工的形式。植物来源的贮存物,例如植物或其部分,如茎、叶、块茎、种子、果实或籽粒,可以以新鲜采收的状态或以加工形式如(预)干燥、润湿、粉碎、研磨、压制或烘烤被保护。也可以是木材,粗木材形式如建筑木材、电线杆和栅栏;或成品形式,如由木材制成的家具或物品。动物来源的贮存物为兽皮、皮革、毛、毛发等。根据本发明的组合物可以防止贮存期的真菌或细菌的侵袭如腐蚀、褪色或发霉。优选将“贮存物”理解为是指植物来源的天然物质和其加工形式,优选禾谷类的贮存物。
本发明含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物可以通过不同的处理方法处理:
-将包含所述杀菌组合物的液体喷洒到所述植物的地上部分;
-撒粉,在土壤中掺入颗粒或粉末,在所述植物周围喷洒,并在树木注射或涂抹的情况下;
-对植物的种子进行包覆或薄膜涂布。
本发明提供一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,可以是治疗、预防或根除方法。
-通常对于叶部处理:0.1-10000g/ha,优选10-1000 g/ha,更优选50-500 g/ha;对于浸渍或滴注施用而言,所述剂量甚至还可以降低,特别是当施用惰性基质如石棉或珍珠岩石时;
-对于种子处理:2-5000g/100kg种子,优选3-1000g/100kg种子;
-对于土壤或水面施用处理:0.1-10000g/ha,优选1-1000g/ha。
上述剂量仅是一般性的示例性剂量,实际施用时本领域的技术人员会根据实际情况和需要,尤其是根据待处理的植物或作物的性质以及病菌的严重性调整施用率。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物的应用,用于花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的化合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的应用。
联合使用啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑降低或防止了花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途。
本发明提供一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途,其中啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以该组合对降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢的侵染存在协同增效效果的比例使用。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
制剂实施例:
实施例1 15%苯醚甲环唑+24%啶氧菌酯可湿性粉剂
苯醚甲环唑 15%
啶氧菌酯 24%
十二烷基硫酸钠 10%
木质素磺酸钠 5%
白炭黑 10%
高岭土 补足至100%
将活性化合物、各种助剂及填料等按配方的比例成分混合,经超细粉碎机粉碎后,即得到15%苯醚甲环唑+24%啶氧菌酯可湿性粉剂。
实施例2 15%苯醚甲环唑+30%啶氧菌酯可湿性粉剂
苯醚甲环唑 15%
啶氧菌酯 30%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 5%
木质素磺酸钠 5%
蔗糖 补足至100%
将活性化合物、各种助剂及填料等按配方的比例成分混合,经超细粉碎机粉碎后,即得到4%苯醚甲环唑+20%啶氧菌酯可湿性粉剂。
实施例3 25%苯醚甲环唑+5%啶氧菌酯乳油
苯醚甲环唑 25%
啶氧菌酯 5%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 5%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 3%
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 补足至100%
将上述成分按照比例配制,搅拌均匀得到均一的相。
实施例4 10%苯醚甲环唑+10%啶氧菌酯水乳剂
苯醚甲环唑 10%
啶氧菌酯 10%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 5%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 3%
二甲基亚砜 30%
水 补足至100%
将上述成分按照比例配制,搅拌均匀得到均一的相。
实施例5 20%苯醚甲环唑+25%啶氧菌酯可湿性粉剂
苯醚甲环唑 20%
啶氧菌酯 25%
十二烷基硫酸钠 5%
木质素磺酸钠 5%
白炭黑 10%
高岭土 补足至100%
将上述组分按比例混合,并研磨、粉碎,制备成可湿性粉剂。
实施例6 10%苯醚甲环唑+24%啶氧菌酯水分散粒剂
苯醚甲环唑 10%
啶氧菌酯 24%
改性木质素磺酸钙 5%
十二烷基硫酸钠 5%
尿素 5%
高岭土 补足至100%
将苯醚甲环唑、啶氧菌酯、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料按配方的比例混合均匀,经过气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂;再加入一定量的水混合挤压造料。经干燥筛分后得到10%苯醚甲环唑+24%啶氧菌酯水分散粒剂。
实施例7 22.5%苯醚甲环唑+22.5%啶氧菌酯悬乳剂
油相:
苯醚甲环唑 22.5%
油酸甲酯 10%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 5%
水相:
啶氧菌酯 22.5%
磺化的萘磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的钠盐 1%
水 补足至100%
将苯醚甲环唑溶解在油酸甲酯中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油得到油相;按照配方将啶氧菌酯、磺化的萘磺酸-甲醛缩合产物的钠盐、水经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到啶氧菌酯的悬浮剂;在搅拌下将油相加入水相得到悬乳剂。
实施例8 2.5%苯醚甲环唑+2.5%啶氧菌酯包衣颗粒剂
苯醚甲环唑 2.5%
啶氧菌酯 2.5%
聚乙二醇 3%
高度分散的硅酸 1%
碳酸钙 补足至100%
在混合器中,将磨细的杀菌活性化合物均匀涂布到被聚乙二醇润湿的载体上。以此方式可获得无尘包衣颗粒剂。
实施例9 1%苯醚甲环唑+5%啶氧菌酯颗粒剂
苯醚甲环唑 2.0%
啶氧菌酯 2.4%
木质素磺酸钠 4%
羧甲基纤维素 2%
高岭土 补足至100%
将活性化合物与助剂混合并研磨,用水润湿,造粒,然后在空气流中干燥。
实施例10 3%苯醚甲环唑+5%啶氧菌酯种衣剂
苯醚甲环唑 3%
啶氧菌酯 5%
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠 5%
改性木质素磺酸钙 5%
黄原胶 1%
膨润土 1%
丙三醇 5%
PVP-K30 1%
水 补足至100%
将上述各组分按比例混合经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到种衣剂。
实施例11 15%苯醚甲环唑+24%啶氧菌酯微囊悬浮-悬浮剂
胶囊核:
啶氧菌酯 24%
Plurafac LF1312(from BASF) 3%
Emulsogen 3510 (from Clariant) 1%
胶囊壁:
Lupranat®M20S(BASF Elastogran) 8%
DETA (BASF SE) 2%
水相:
苯醚甲环唑 15%
ATLOX ®4913 (from Croda) 5%
Synperonic PE/64 3%
黄原胶 1%
消泡剂 1%
尿素 1%
1,2-丙二醇 3%
甲基异噻唑啉酮 2%
催化剂 0.1%
水 补足至100%
将Lupranat®M20S、苯醚甲环唑、Plurafac LF1312、Emulsogen 3510形成的油相加入含DETA、ATLOX ®4913的水溶液中,形成乳状液。然后加热并保温在50oC 下加入催化剂反应2小时。冷却后得到苯醚甲环唑的微囊剂。
Synperonic PE/64(from Croda), 消泡剂,尿素,啶氧菌酯和水按比例混合均匀,并经砂磨,制备成水悬浮剂。
将含苯醚甲环唑的微囊剂加入到啶氧菌酯的悬浮剂中,得到本发明的微囊悬浮-悬浮剂。
实施例12 15%苯醚甲环唑+15%啶氧菌酯悬乳剂
苯醚甲环唑 15%
啶氧菌酯 15%
SOLVESSOTM200 5%
乙氧基化蓖麻油 4%
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠 5%
改性木质素磺酸钙 5%
黄原胶 1%
膨润土 1%
丙三醇 5%
水 补足至100%
将苯醚甲环唑溶解在SOLVESSOTM200中,加入乙氧基化蓖麻油,得到苯醚甲环唑的油相;
将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠、改性木质素磺酸钙、啶氧菌酯和水按比例混合,经研磨和/或高速剪切后得到啶氧菌酯的悬浮剂。
将含苯醚甲环唑的油相加入到含啶氧菌酯的水悬浮剂,得到悬乳剂。
实施例13 50%苯醚甲环唑+50%啶氧菌酯
苯醚甲环唑 50%
啶氧菌酯 50%
以上实施例中的配比为重量百分配比。
室内毒力测定
试验一:落花生尾孢菌的毒力测定
采用抑制菌丝生长速率法:
将啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑分别用丙酮溶解,再用0.1%的吐温-80 水溶液稀释配制成系列浓度的药液,在超净工作台中分别吸取6mL到灭菌的三角烧瓶,加入50℃左右的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)54mL,摇匀后倒入4个直径9cm的平皿,制成4个相应浓度的含毒培养基;用同样的方法将不同配比的啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑系列浓度复配药液制成含毒培养基。将培养2天的落花生尾孢菌,用直径5mm的打孔器在菌落边缘打成菌块,用接种针将菌块移至预先配制成的含毒PDA培养基中央,然后置于25℃培养箱内培养,每处理重复4次。3天后,采用十字交叉法用卡尺量取各处理菌落直径cm,求出校正抑制百分率。每个菌落十字交叉测两个直径,以其平均数代表菌落大小。然后按下式求出菌落生长抑制率:
然后用最小二乘法计算抑制中浓度EC50,再依孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
表1:对落花生尾孢菌的毒力测试结果
从表1可知,啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的组合在配比20:1-1:20的范围里时,对落花生尾孢菌共毒系数均大于120,表现为协同增效的效果。
试验二:落花生短胖孢菌的毒力测定
采用抑制菌丝生长速率法:
将啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑分别用丙酮溶解,再用0.1%的吐温-80 水溶液稀释配制成系列浓度的药液,在超净工作台中分别吸取6mL到灭菌的三角烧瓶,加入50℃左右的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)54mL,摇匀后倒入4个直径9cm的平皿,制成4个相应浓度的含毒培养基;用同样的方法将不同配比的啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑系列浓度复配药液制成含毒培养基。将培养2天的落花生短胖孢菌,用直径5mm的打孔器在菌落边缘打成菌块,用接种针将菌块移至预先配制成的含毒PDA培养基中央,然后置于25℃培养箱内培养,每处理重复4次。3天后,采用十字交叉法用卡尺量取各处理菌落直径cm,求出校正抑制百分率。每个菌落十字交叉测两个直径,以其平均数代表菌落大小。然后按下式求出菌落生长抑制率:
然后用最小二乘法计算抑制中浓度EC50,再依孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
表2:对落花生短胖孢的毒力测试结果
从表2可知,啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的组合在配比20:1-1:20的范围里时,对落花生短胖孢共毒系数均大于120,表现为协同增效的效果。
田间药效测试
当活性化合物杀菌组合物的作用超过当各活性化合物单独施用时的作用的总和时,存在协同增效作用。两种活性化合物的特定组合的预期作用可使用所谓的"Colby 公式" (参见S.R. Colby, "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses ofHerbicide Combinations “,Weeds 1967,15, 20-22) 如下计算:如果
X 是当使用用量为mg/ha 或浓度为mppm的活性化合物A时的活性;
Y 是当使用用量为ng/ha或浓度为nppm的活性化合物B时的活性,表示为占未处理对照的百分率;
E 是当使用用量为m 和n g/ha 或浓度为m 和n ppm 的活性化合物A和B时的活性,
那么
如果实际观察的活性(O)大于预期活性(E),那么该杀菌组合物超加和,即具有增效作用。
花生叶斑病试验(花生)
溶剂:10份重量的N-甲基-吡咯烷酮
乳化剂: 0.6份重量的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为了制得合适的活性化合物,将一份按重量计的活性化合物或活性化合物的组合与上述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并用水稀释到所需浓度。
为了测定保护活性,将用所述使用剂量的活性化合物喷雾。待喷液层变干后,将花生植株用花生叶斑病原菌孢子水悬浮液喷雾,然后试验植物置于温度约20OC 、空气湿度约80%的温室中以促进病菌的生长。接种7天后进行效果评价,将目测确定的发病叶片区域百分率转化成相对于未处理对照的效力。0% 是指效力与对照的相当,100% 是指没有观察到侵染。活性化合物、使用剂量和试验结果列于下表中:
表3
试验结果显示,啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的联合施用,对花生叶斑病的观察效力超过用"Colby”公式计算的效力,显示明显的协同增效作用。
Claims (9)
1.一种含有啶氧菌酯与苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的比例为20:1-1:20,更优选15:1-1:15,更优选10:1-1:10,更优选5:1-1:5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物,其剂型为可湿性粉剂、乳油、悬浮剂、悬乳剂、微囊剂、种衣剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、水分散粒剂、泡沫剂、膏剂、气雾剂、超低容量喷雾液、颗粒剂。
4.一种降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染的方法,其特征在于,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,用含有唑啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物同时处理或分别处理致病菌和/或其环境、或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,用含有啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的杀菌组合物以种子处理、叶面施用、茎施用、浸透、滴注、浇注、喷射、喷雾、撒粉、散布或发烟方式处理致病菌和/或其环境,或者植物、植物繁殖材料及随后长出的植物器官、土壤、材料或空间、贮存物。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,其中啶氧菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的比例为20:1-1:20,更优选15:1-1:15,更优选10:1-1:10,更优选5:1-1:5。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染之前或之后处理。
9.啶氧菌酯在降低或防止花生被落花生尾孢和落花生短胖孢侵染中的用途。
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