CN108520143B - Gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method for gas injection development oil reservoir - Google Patents
Gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method for gas injection development oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas-oil ratio rise characterization method for a gas injection development oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps of: 1) determining a relational expression of the gas saturation at the inlet end and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to a material balance equation and the relation between the gas saturation at the outlet end and the accumulated oil production; 2) establishing a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas drive reservoir based on the relational expression and by combining an exponential relational expression of the oil-gas relative permeability of the gas drive reservoir and Darcy's law; 3) fitting by using the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression in the step 2) according to the actual gas and oil accumulation data of the reservoir to obtain each coefficient item in the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression; 4) and deducing and establishing a gas-oil ratio rise rate expression of the gas injection development oil reservoir based on the relational expression in the step 2), and obtaining a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart of the gas injection development oil reservoir by using each coefficient item obtained in the step 3). The method can be widely applied to determination of the gas-oil ratio rising rule of the gas injection development oil reservoir in the field of oil field development and research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method for a gas injection development oil reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of oil-gas field development oil reservoir engineering.
Background
The gas injection flooding development is an effective development mode for improving the oil reservoir development effect, but after the front edge of the injected gas breaks through, the gas-oil ratio of a production well tends to show a rapid rising trend, so that the single-well yield is rapidly decreased gradually, and the challenge is brought to the efficient development of the oil reservoir. In order to improve the development effect of gas injection oil reservoir to the maximum extent, the gas-oil ratio rising rule after the breakthrough of the injected gas needs to be determined and the optimization of gas injection after the breakthrough of the injected gas is guided. However, a theoretical research method of reservoir engineering related to the gas-oil ratio rise rate of a gas injection exploitation reservoir is not seen at present, and a numerical reservoir simulation method is often adopted to describe the gas-oil ratio rise rule after gas injection breakthrough. However, the method has a long research period, and the calculation accuracy is limited by the actual oil reservoir dynamic and static data quality and the oil reservoir history fitting effect, the low oil reservoir static data quality or the insufficient data volume can cause difficulty in accurately representing geological cognition, great uncertainty is brought to the oil reservoir history fitting, and meanwhile, the reliability of the history fitting can be influenced by the quality of the test data and the artificial experience of the history fitting. Therefore, the theoretical research method of the oil reservoir engineering for developing the gas-oil ratio rise rate of the oil reservoir by gas injection is established, the recognition precision of the gas-oil ratio rise rule after gas injection breakthrough can be improved, the working efficiency can be improved, the research period can be shortened, and the method has important significance for the efficient development of the oil reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a gas-oil ratio increase rate characterization method for a gas injection development reservoir, which comprehensively considers the relationship between the gas saturation at the outlet end and the average gas saturation, a material balance equation and a two-phase oil-gas seepage theory, deduces and establishes a novel gas drive characteristic curve expression of the gas injection development reservoir, and deduces a gas-oil ratio increase rate expression after the breakthrough of the injected gas on the basis of the gas drive characteristic curve expression, so as to provide a theoretical basis for accurately ensuring the gas-oil ratio increase rule after the breakthrough of the injected gas in the gas injection development reservoir.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method for a gas injection development oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) determining a relational expression of the gas saturation at the inlet end and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to a material balance equation and the relation between the gas saturation at the outlet end and the accumulated oil production; 2) establishing a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas drive reservoir based on the relational expression of the outlet end gas saturation and the average stratum gas saturation in the step 1) by combining an exponential relational expression of the relative oil gas permeability of the gas drive reservoir and Darcy's law; 3) fitting by using the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression in the step 2) according to the actual gas and oil accumulation data of the reservoir to obtain each coefficient item in the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression; 4) and deducing and establishing a gas-oil ratio rise rate expression of the gas-injection development reservoir based on the gas-drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas-drive reservoir in the step 2), and obtaining a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart of the gas-injection development reservoir by using each coefficient item obtained in the step 3).
When the step 1) is carried out, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a relation between the average gas content of the stratum and the accumulated oil production according to a material balance equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
average gas saturation for the formation; n is a radical ofpTo accumulate oil production; a. theoIs the oil bearing area of the formation; h is the effective thickness of the stratum; phi is the effective porosity of the formation; b isoiIs the volume coefficient of the oil phase under the initial condition;
obtaining a relational expression of outlet end gas saturation and accumulated oil production according to a material balance equation:
in the formula, SgThe exit end gas saturation; j. the design is a square1、J2Is a constant; n is a radical ofoIs crude oil geological reserves; swiIs the initial water saturation; soiIs the initial oil saturation; sgiIs the initial gas saturation; sorResidual oil saturation;
thirdly, according to the first step and the second step, a relational expression of the average gas saturation of the stratum and the gas saturation of the outlet end can be obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
b＝J1(Swi+Sgi)-J1(1-Sor)。
when the step 2) is performed, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
aiming at the relation between the oil and gas phase relative permeability ratio and outlet end gas saturation of gas injection development oil reservoir miscible-phase flooding and immiscible-phase flooding, the method is uniformly expressed in an exponential form:
in the formula, krgRelative gas phase permeability; k is a radical ofroRelative permeability of the oil phase; m and n are coefficients of a regression equation of the relative permeability curve;
secondly, when the flow of the water phase is not considered, the oil-gas two-phase flow under the stratum condition can be determined by utilizing Darcy's law, and under the condition of gas drive stable seepage, the relative permeability ratio of the oil-gas two-phase flow and the oil-gas two-phase flow have the following relationship:
in the formula, qgaProducing gas for the stratum; q. q.soaProducing oil for the formation; mu.sgIs the formation gas phase viscosity; mu.soIs the formation oil phase viscosity;
thirdly, the gas production and the oil production under the stratum condition have the following relations with the gas production and the oil production under the ground condition:
qga＝(qg-qo×Rsi)×Bg (6)
qoa＝qo×Bo (7)
in the formula, qgThe ground gas production rate is obtained; q. q.soProducing oil for the ground; rsiThe dissolved gas-oil ratio is adopted; b isgIs the volume factor of formation gas；BoIs the volume coefficient of the crude oil in the stratum;
obtaining a relational expression between the daily oil production on the ground and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to the expression (1) in the step 1):
in the formula, BoiIs the volume coefficient of crude oil;
substituting the formula (3) in the step 1) and the formulas (4), (6), (7) and (8) in the step 2) into the formula (6) and integrating the shift term to obtain a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression representing the correlation between the gas production and the oil production in the gas injection development reservoir:
ln(Gp-ZNp+C)＝X+YNp (9)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Z＝Rsi。
in the formula, GpIs the cumulative gas production;
in the step 3), according to the actual gas and oil accumulated data of the oil reservoir, drawing ln (G)p-ZNp+ C) and cumulative oil production NpUsing the relation of formula (9) to ln (G)p-ZNp+ C) and NpThe linear relationship of (a) is fitted to obtain X, Y, Z and C four coefficient terms.
When the step 4) is performed, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, derivation is carried out on the formula (9), and terms are shifted to obtain a relational expression of gas-oil ratio and extraction degree of the gas injection exploitation oil reservoir:
in the formula, GOR is the gas-oil ratio; n is a radical ofRFor exploiting geological reserves; rfTo the extent of production;
defining the gas-oil ratio rising rate as the rising value of the gas-oil ratio of the geological reserve for 1 percent of each extraction, and utilizing an expression (10) to obtain a derivation and a shift term of the extraction degree to obtain a relational expression of the gas-oil ratio rising rate and the extraction degree, namely a gas-oil ratio rising rate relational expression:
in the formula, GOR' is the gas-oil ratio increase rate;
substituting the coefficient term value (X, Y) of the formula (9) obtained in the step 3) into the formula (11) to obtain a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart of the gas injection exploitation oil reservoir, and determining a gas-oil ratio rise rule;
fourthly, according to the gas-oil ratio increasing rate chart of the gas injection development oil reservoir obtained in the step 4), the extraction degree of the production well and the stage of the gas-oil ratio increasing are determined, and a countermeasure of reducing the injection gas amount of the corresponding gas injection well is adopted, so that the purpose of slowing down the rapid gas-oil ratio increasing is achieved.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention comprehensively considers the relation between outlet end gas saturation and average gas saturation, a material balance equation and a relative permeability index relation of oil gas, deduces and establishes a novel gas drive characteristic curve relation representing the correlation between the accumulated gas production and the accumulated oil production of the gas injection development oil reservoir, clearly provides the physical significance of each parameter, and can accurately represent the correlation between the accumulated gas production and the accumulated oil production of the gas injection development oil reservoir. 2. The gas-oil ratio rising rule is defined based on the relationship derivation of the gas drive characteristic curve, the theoretical basis is provided for accurately determining the gas-oil ratio rising rule after the injected gas of the gas injection development oil reservoir breaks through, and the technical support is provided for the optimized adjustment of the production degree. 3. The gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and clear formula, clear physical significance and convenience in operation and implementation, can ensure the characterization precision of the gas-oil ratio rise rule, and can improve the working efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the ln (G) of the A1 wellp-ZNp+ C) and cumulative oil production NpFitting a curve graph with the relation;
FIG. 2 is a chart of the relationship between the rate of rise of well gas oil ratio and the extent of production of mobile oil reserves at A1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of production from a1 well;
fig. 4 is a graph of the gas injection rate of the a2 well.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method for a gas injection exploitation oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining a relational expression of the gas saturation at the outlet end and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to a material balance equation and the relation between the gas saturation at the outlet end and the accumulated oil production, wherein the relational expression specifically comprises the following contents:
the relation between the average gas content of the stratum and the accumulated oil production can be obtained according to a material balance equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
average gas saturation for the formation; n is a radical ofpTo accumulate oil production; a. theoIs the oil bearing area of the formation; h is the effective thickness of the stratum; phi is the effective porosity of the formation; b isoiIs the volume factor of the oil phase at the initial conditions.
Secondly, according to a material balance equation, a relational expression of outlet end gas saturation and accumulated oil production can be obtained:
in the formula, SgThe exit end gas saturation; j. the design is a square1、J2Is a constant; n is a radical ofoIs crude oil geological reserves;Swiis the initial water saturation; soiIs the initial oil saturation; sgiIs the initial gas saturation; sorResidual oil saturation.
Thirdly, according to the first step and the second step, a relational expression of the average gas saturation of the stratum and the gas saturation of the outlet end can be obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
b＝J1(Swi+Sgi)-J1(1-Sor)。
2) establishing a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas drive reservoir based on the relational expression of the outlet end gas saturation and the average stratum gas saturation in the step 1) and combining an exponential relational expression of the relative oil gas permeability of the gas drive reservoir and Darcy's law, wherein the relational expression specifically comprises the following contents:
aiming at the relation between the oil and gas phase relative permeability ratio and outlet end gas saturation of gas injection development oil deposit miscible-phase flooding and immiscible-phase flooding, the relation can be uniformly expressed in an exponential form:
in the formula, krgRelative gas phase permeability; k is a radical ofroRelative permeability of the oil phase; and m and n are coefficients of a regression equation of the relative permeability curve.
Secondly, when the flow of the water phase is not considered, the oil-gas two-phase flow under the stratum condition can be determined by utilizing Darcy's law, and under the condition of gas drive stable seepage, the relative permeability ratio of the oil-gas two-phase flow and the oil-gas two-phase flow have the following relationship:
in the formula, qgaProducing gas for the stratum; q. q.soaProducing oil for the formation; mu.sgIs the formation gas phase viscosity; mu.soIs the formation oil phase viscosity.
Thirdly, the gas production and the oil production under the stratum condition have the following relations with the gas production and the oil production under the ground condition:
qga＝(qg-qo×Rsi)×Bg (6)
qoa＝qo×Bo (7)
in the formula, qgThe ground gas production rate is obtained; q. q.soProducing oil for the ground; rsiThe dissolved gas-oil ratio is adopted; b isgIs the formation gas volume coefficient; b isoIs the formation crude oil volume coefficient.
Obtaining a relational expression between the daily oil production on the ground and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to the expression (1) in the step 1):
in the formula, BoiIs the volume factor of crude oil.
Substituting the formula (3) in the step 1) and the formulas (4), (6), (7) and (8) in the step 2) into the formula (6) and integrating the shift term to obtain a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression representing the correlation between the gas production and the oil production in the gas injection development reservoir:
ln(Gp-ZNp+C)＝X+YNp (9)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Z＝Rsi。
in the formula, GpTo accumulate gas production.
3) And (3) fitting by using the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression of the step (2) according to the actual gas and oil accumulated data of the oil reservoir to obtain each coefficient item in the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression.
According to the actual accumulated gas of the oil reservoir, the gas is producedCumulative oil production data (as shown in Table 1), and plot ln (G)p-ZNp+ C) and cumulative oil production NpThe relationship (shown in FIG. 1) of (c) is expressed by the equation (9) for ln (G)p-ZNp+ C) and cumulative oil production NpThe linear relationship of (a) is fitted to obtain X, Y, Z and C four coefficient terms, which are respectively 7.69, 0.00935, 550 and 28619.
TABLE 1A 1 well 2012 and 2017 production dynamic data
| Time | Oil produced by tired production/Wanfang | Accumulated gas production/Wanfang |
| 2012/6/1 | 231.8 | 133690.7 |
| 2012/9/1 | 238.6 | 138995.3 |
| 2013/1/1 | 255.1 | 150861.9 |
| 2013/3/1 | 274.7 | 166470.6 |
| 2013/6/1 | 295.7 | 185320.2 |
| 2013/9/1 | 316.8 | 207077.7 |
| 2014/1/1 | 336.8 | 229354.7 |
| 2014/3/1 | 350.6 | 245776.6 |
| 2014/6/1 | 370.2 | 274658.3 |
| 2014/9/1 | 385.0 | 302883.9 |
| 2015/1/1 | 395.8 | 324422.3 |
| 2015/3/1 | 408.6 | 349972.2 |
| 2015/6/1 | 419.2 | 370622.2 |
| 2015/9/1 | 430.7 | 392870.2 |
| 2016/1/1 | 439.1 | 408458.7 |
| 2016/3/1 | 448.1 | 427344.7 |
| 2016/6/1 | 458.4 | 450452.2 |
| 2016/9/1 | 466.5 | 471014.6 |
| 2017/1/1 | 470.5 | 486007.7 |
4) Deducing and establishing a gas-oil ratio rise rate expression of the gas-injection development reservoir based on the gas-drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas-drive reservoir in the step 2), and obtaining a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart of the gas-injection development reservoir by using each coefficient item obtained in the step 3), wherein the gas-oil ratio rise rate chart specifically comprises the following contents:
firstly, derivation is carried out on the formula (9), and terms are shifted to obtain a relational expression of gas-oil ratio and extraction degree of the gas injection exploitation oil reservoir:
in the formula, GOR is the gas-oil ratio; n is a radical ofRFor exploiting geological reserves; rfTo the extent of production.
Defining the gas-oil ratio rising rate as the rising value of the gas-oil ratio of the geological reserve for 1 percent of each extraction, and utilizing an expression (10) to obtain a derivation and a shift term of the extraction degree to obtain a relational expression of the gas-oil ratio rising rate and the extraction degree, namely a gas-oil ratio rising rate relational expression:
in the formula, GOR' is the gas-oil ratio increase rate.
Substituting the coefficient term value (X, Y) of the formula (9) obtained in the step 3) into the formula (11) to obtain a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart (shown in figure 2) of the gas injection exploitation reservoir, determining a gas-oil ratio rise rule, and after the injected gas breaks through, the gas-oil ratio rise rate is monotonically increased and the whole rises exponentially; in the gas injection exploitation oil deposit, once the injected gas breaks through, production optimization measures need to be taken as soon as possible to control the gas-containing rising speed, and through the production practice of the West Africa deepwater A oil deposit, the gas injection quantity of the injected gas breakthrough area can be reduced, the gas injection quantity of the injected gas non-breakthrough area can be improved, and the purpose of controlling the gas-containing rising speed is achieved on the premise of keeping the injection-production balance of the oil deposit.
And fourthly, according to the production dynamics of the A1 well, the gas-oil ratio of the well is in a rapid rising trend in 10 months in 2016 (shown in a figure 3), the movable reserve production degree reaches 40 percent, and the gas-oil ratio rising rate is in a rapid rising period as can be seen by comparing with a figure 2, and the gas-oil ratio of the A1 well in 2017 is effectively controlled by reducing the gas injection amount of the corresponding gas injection well A2 (shown in a figure 4).
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A gas-oil ratio rise rate characterization method for a gas injection development oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining a relational expression of the gas saturation at the inlet end and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to a material balance equation and the relation between the gas saturation at the outlet end and the accumulated oil production;
2) establishing a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas drive reservoir based on the relational expression of the outlet end gas saturation and the average stratum gas saturation in the step 1) by combining an exponential relational expression of the relative oil gas permeability of the gas drive reservoir and Darcy's law;
3) fitting by using the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression in the step 2) according to the actual gas and oil accumulation data of the reservoir to obtain each coefficient item in the gas drive reservoir gas drive characteristic curve relational expression;
4) deducing and establishing a gas-oil ratio rise rate expression of the gas-injection development oil reservoir based on the gas-drive characteristic curve relational expression of the gas-drive oil reservoir in the step 2), and obtaining a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart of the gas-injection development oil reservoir by utilizing each coefficient item obtained in the step 3);
when the step 1) is carried out, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a relation between the average gas content of the stratum and the accumulated oil production according to a material balance equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
average gas saturation for the formation; n is a radical ofpTo accumulate oil production; a. theoIs the oil bearing area of the formation; h is the effective thickness of the stratum; phi is the effective porosity of the formation; b isoiIs the volume coefficient of the oil phase under the initial condition;
obtaining a relational expression of outlet end gas saturation and accumulated oil production according to a material balance equation:
in the formula, SgThe exit end gas saturation; j. the design is a square1、J2Is a constant; n is a radical ofoIs crude oil geological reserves; swiIs the initial water saturation; soiIs the initial oil saturation; sgiIs the initial gas saturation; sorResidual oil saturation;
thirdly, according to the first step and the second step, a relational expression of the average gas saturation of the stratum and the gas saturation of the outlet end can be obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
b＝J1(Swi+Sgi)-J1(1-Sor)；
when the step 2) is performed, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
aiming at the relation between the oil and gas phase relative permeability ratio and outlet end gas saturation of gas injection development oil reservoir miscible-phase flooding and immiscible-phase flooding, the method is uniformly expressed in an exponential form:
in the formula, krgRelative gas phase permeability; k is a radical ofroRelative permeability of the oil phase; m and n are coefficients of a regression equation of the relative permeability curve;
secondly, when the flow of the water phase is not considered, the oil-gas two-phase flow under the stratum condition can be determined by utilizing Darcy's law, and under the condition of gas drive stable seepage, the relative permeability ratio of the oil-gas two-phase flow and the oil-gas two-phase flow have the following relationship:
in the formula, qgaProducing gas for the stratum; q. q.soaProducing oil for the formation; mu.sgIs the formation gas phase viscosity; mu.soIs the formation oil phase viscosity;
thirdly, the gas production and the oil production under the stratum condition have the following relations with the gas production and the oil production under the ground condition:
qga＝(qg-qo×Rsi)×Bg (6)
qoa＝qo×Bo (7)
in the formula, qgThe ground gas production rate is obtained; q. q.soProducing oil for the ground; rsiThe dissolved gas-oil ratio is adopted; b isgIs the formation gas volume coefficient; b isoIs the volume coefficient of the crude oil in the stratum;
obtaining a relational expression between the daily oil production on the ground and the average gas saturation of the stratum according to the expression (1) in the step 1):
in the formula, BoiIs the volume coefficient of crude oil;
substituting the formula (3) in the step 1) and the formulas (4), (6), (7) and (8) in the step 2) into the formula (6) and integrating the shift term to obtain a gas drive characteristic curve relational expression representing the correlation between the gas production and the oil production in the gas injection development reservoir:
ln(Gp-ZNp+C)＝X+YNp (9)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Z＝Rsi；
in the formula, GpIs the cumulative gas production;
in the step 3), according to the actual gas and oil accumulated data of the oil reservoir, drawing ln (G)p-ZNp+ C) and cumulative oil production NpUsing the relation of formula (9) to ln (G)p-ZNp+ C) and NpFitting the linear relation to obtain X, Y, Z and C coefficient terms;
when the step 4) is performed, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, derivation is carried out on the formula (9), and terms are shifted to obtain a relational expression of gas-oil ratio and extraction degree of the gas injection exploitation oil reservoir:
in the formula, GOR is the gas-oil ratio; n is a radical ofRFor exploiting geological reserves; rfTo the extent of production;
defining the gas-oil ratio rising rate as the rising value of the gas-oil ratio of the geological reserve for 1 percent of each extraction, and utilizing an expression (10) to obtain a derivation and a shift term of the extraction degree to obtain a relational expression of the gas-oil ratio rising rate and the extraction degree, namely a gas-oil ratio rising rate relational expression:
in the formula, GOR' is the gas-oil ratio increase rate;
substituting the coefficient term value (X, Y) of the formula (9) obtained in the step 3) into the formula (11) to obtain a gas-oil ratio rise rate chart of the gas injection exploitation oil reservoir, and determining a gas-oil ratio rise rule;
fourthly, according to the gas-oil ratio increasing rate chart of the gas injection development oil reservoir obtained in the step 4), the extraction degree of the production well and the stage of the gas-oil ratio increasing are determined, and a countermeasure of reducing the injection gas amount of the corresponding gas injection well is adopted, so that the purpose of slowing down the rapid gas-oil ratio increasing is achieved.
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