CN108519290B - 一种高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温高压管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法,包括以下步骤:加工切取管道样品,宏观观察内壁氧化层是否存在开裂分离形貌,如内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌且在金相显微镜或扫描电镜下进行微观观察开裂部位边缘存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原有氧化层的较薄氧化层时,再微区能谱分析确认原生氧化层和再生氧化层内层含铬量,若在显微镜观察下,再生氧化层总厚度不大于原生氧化层内层厚度的二分之一,则说明此部位存在再生氧化层。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于火力发电技术领域,具体涉及一种高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法。
背景技术
火力发电站机组长期在高温环境中运行,高温高压蒸汽管道由于承受着较高压力且运行温度在蠕变温度范围内,其损伤的主要形式是高温蠕变。随着运行时间的延长,管子的内壁会形成一层致密的氧化层,其成份从内到外依次为铁铬尖晶石、Fe3O4和Fe2O3。这种长时间运行形成的内壁氧化层就称之为原生氧化层。
高温高压蒸汽管道内壁氧化层生长速度主要取决于蒸汽温度和钢管材料特性。新主蒸汽管内壁的初期蒸汽氧化速度快,随着表面保护性氧化膜形成,蒸汽氧化速度逐渐减慢。当主汽管内壁氧化物破裂,暴露新金属表面,蒸汽氧化速度重新加快。根据长期运行后高温高压蒸汽管道的割管试验结果,内壁氧化层较完整,运行中内壁氧化层基本上不存在开裂和分离问题。
然而一旦管道产生了明显的蠕变变形,随着管径蠕胀,管道内壁氧化层沿纵向脆性分裂;在二个分离氧化层之间的金属表面重新氧化,生成新氧化层,而老氧化层继续生长增厚;随着管径蠕胀变形量的不断增大,管内壁氧化层循环进行“氧化层分裂——再氧化”过程。这种后来形成的氧化层就称之为再生氧化层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于有效的区分高温高压蒸汽管道内壁的原生氧化层和再生氧化层,提供了一种高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法,该方法可以准确的识别管道内壁是否存在再生氧化层,从而辅助判断管道是否产生了蠕变变形和蠕变损伤。
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的:
一种高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法,包括以下步骤:
1)加工切取管道样品以清晰的看到管道内壁氧化层状况,宏观观察及体视显微镜观察管道是否存在内壁氧化层开裂及分离情况;
2)如内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌,则进一步制取金相样在金相显微镜或扫描电镜下观察开裂部位边缘是否存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原生氧化层的较薄氧化层;
3)扫描电镜下采用微区能谱分析方法,确定原生氧化层和再生氧化层的成份差别,原生氧化层中内层含铬量高于再生氧化层;
4)在显微镜观察下,再生氧化层总厚度不大于原生氧化层内层厚度的二分之一;
5)如果内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌、金相显微镜或扫描电镜下开裂部位存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原生氧化层的较薄氧化层、微区能谱分析确定原生氧化层中内层含铬量高于再生氧化层且再生氧化层总厚度不大于原生氧化层的二分之一,就说明管道内壁存在再生氧化层。
本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明所述的高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层识别方法,简便易行,可以有效的判断高温高压管道是否存在明显的蠕变变形和产生了蠕变损伤,从而及时采取措施避免管道发生爆破造成巨大的安全和经济损失。之前关于高温高压管道内壁氧化层的分析讨论,没有明确区分原生氧化层和再生氧化层的概念和定义,本发明可以有效对两种氧化层进行区分和识别。
附图说明
图1为再生氧化层的宏观形貌。
图2为再生氧化层微观形貌。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做出进一步的说明。
本发明提供的一种高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法,包括以下步骤:
1)加工切取管道样品以清晰的看到管道内壁氧化层状况,宏观观察及体视显微镜观察管道是否存在内壁氧化层开裂及分离情况,如图1所示;
2)如内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌,则进一步制取金相样在金相显微镜或扫描电镜下观察开裂部位边缘是否存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原生氧化层的较薄氧化层,如图2所示;
3)扫描电镜下采用微区能谱分析方法,确定原生氧化层和再生氧化层的成份差别,原生氧化层中内层含铬量高于再生氧化层;
4)在显微镜观察下,再生氧化层分总厚度应不大于原生氧化层内层厚度的二分之一
5)如果内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌、金相显微镜或扫描电镜下开裂部位存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原生氧化层的较薄氧化层、微区能谱分析确定原生氧化层中内层含铬量高于再生氧化层且再生氧化层总厚度不大于原生氧化层的二分之一,就说明管道内壁存在再生氧化层。
Claims (1)
1.一种高温高压蒸汽管道内壁再生氧化层的识别方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)加工切取管道样品以清晰的看到管道内壁氧化层状况,宏观观察及体视显微镜观察管道是否存在内壁氧化层开裂及分离情况;
2)如内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌,则进一步制取金相样在金相显微镜或扫描电镜下观察开裂部位边缘是否存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原生氧化层的较薄氧化层;
3)扫描电镜下采用微区能谱分析方法,确定原生氧化层和再生氧化层的成份差别,原生氧化层中内层含铬量高于再生氧化层;
4)在显微镜观察下,再生氧化层总厚度不大于原生氧化层内层厚度的二分之一;
5)如果内壁氧化层存在开裂分离形貌、金相显微镜或扫描电镜下开裂部位存在厚度和形貌明显不同于原生氧化层的较薄氧化层、微区能谱分析确定原生氧化层中内层含铬量高于再生氧化层且再生氧化层总厚度不大于原生氧化层的二分之一,就说明管道内壁存在再生氧化层。
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CN107478566A (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-12-15 | 华北电力大学 | 蒸汽服役环境下再氧化分析样本的获取方法 |
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CN102749038A (zh) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-24 | 华东电力试验研究院有限公司 | 奥氏体钢蒸汽氧化皮生长状态的评估方法 |
CN102538656A (zh) * | 2012-02-08 | 2012-07-04 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 一种奥氏体不锈钢内壁氧化皮厚度测量方法 |
CN103678813A (zh) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-26 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | 超超临界机组锅炉高温受热面管子氧化皮的评估方法 |
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