CN108519260A - The production method that a kind of transparent rocks topple over model sample - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the production method that a kind of transparent rocks topple over model sample, includes the following steps：The size custom mold of model sample is toppled over according to the transparent rocks；It is inserted into thin plate in the inner cavity of the mold and the inner cavity of the mold is separated into several chambers by fixation, the thin plate, the first casting solution is poured into a mould in the chamber；After the first casting solution solidification, the second casting solution is poured into a mould in the gap left after extracting the thin plate out；After the second casting solution solidification, the mold, polishing model sample corner angle are removed；The rock mass and joint plane of first casting solution and second casting solution difference simulation rock structure.The present invention can be used for really simulating and the observation rock slope overall process that rock mass is toppled over, deforms, destroyed after being stressed disturbance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of civil engineering, it is related to a kind of production method that toppling over model sample more particularly to one
The production method that the transparent rocks of kind topple over model sample.
Background technology
In all kinds of civil engineering constructions, whether water conservancy, water power, traffic, mine or civil building engineering, often meet
The problems such as to the slope deformation destruction and unstability of different form and different scales.Domestic all kinds of large project implementations relate to mostly
And high gradient slope is arrived, such Problems of Slope Stability directly influences the major issues such as engineering construction and engineering safety.Wherein, incline
Deformation failure is the stability of rock slope problem being frequently run onto in civil engineering.
Topple over refers to stratiform counter-slope to the exterior portion rock stratum of structure and part steep dip bedding rock sloper due to creeping deformation to facing
Short side generates bending to side, fractures.Inclining destruction is a kind of canonical form of Stratified Rock Slope deformation failure, includes mainly
Bending And Toppling, bulk topple over, 3 kinds of failure modes of bulk-Bending And Toppling.Although under normal conditions, deformation is unlikely to cause slopes
Rapid deformation sliding, if but it is uncontrolled if, may still result in large-scale cranny development rock mass and generate tension crack, collapse
It collapses etc. and various forms of to destroy even deep-level landslide.
Bending And Toppling is flexible destruction, more universal compared in incompetent bed, usually single such as slate, phyllite, schist, mud stone
One depth of stratum is smaller, only this group of parallel construction face of level；Bending And Toppling Deformation side slope belongs to self-stabilising, slope deforming hair
It postpones slowly, once destroying, scale is usually very big.Bulk is toppled over for brittle break, more universal in hard rock stratum, is mostly occurred in stone
In limestone, sandstone, the magmatic rock containing prismatical joint；Usual single depth of stratum is larger, development and the subvertical section in rock stratum face
Reason, deformation is very fast before destroying.Bulk-Bending And Toppling mostly occurs in the beded rock mass of soft and hard alternation, as sandstone argillite alternating layers,
In silexite shale alternating layers, lamelliform limestone；There are intercalated dislocations under tectonism for the beded rock mass of soft and hard alternation.
When studying rock slope Toppling Deformation failure mechanism, generally use Method for Numerical, limit equilibrium method and physical model
Test method(s).Limit equilibrium method avoids extensive Stress calculation, pays close attention to the state before momentary breakdown, and model is simple, calculates fast,
Slope Stability is suitable according to a preliminary estimate；Method for Numerical is based on Continuum Mechanics and non-continuum mechanics on side
Extensive utilization is obtained in Analysis of Stability of Front Slope, it is not only that univariate trend is similar to the reflection of prototype, and model
It itself can reflect the Forming Mechanism of slip mass；The physical simulation experiment method period is long, costly, but can intuitive simulation side slope rock
Stress intensity in body and its distribution directly can observe and record deformation, failure mechanism and its evolution of rock mass.Though at present
So have some side slope model production methods, but the simulation sample model production method destroyed for rock slope Toppling Deformation is still owed
It lacks.
Model sample, which is made, using analog material carries out the important means that experiment is engineering research.The intensity of rock and surface
Undulating state have a great impact to the Inclining destruction phenomenon on rock slope, Reactive Powder Concrete is (mainly by sand, water, cement, silicon
The compositions such as powder, water-reducing agent) it is more consistent with rock material in destruction relationship, and can preferably simulation rock surface fluctuating
Form, therefore be widely used in engineering research.But it is influenced by simulation material, model obtained is opaque, unfavorable
In observing and nursing interior change.
Invention content
In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of transparent rocks to topple over model sample
Production method, can be used for really simulating and intuitive observation rock slope rock mass after being stressed disturbance is toppled over, deforms, destroyed
Overall process.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
The production method that a kind of transparent rocks topple over model sample, includes the following steps：According to the transparent rocks
Topple over the size custom mold of model sample；It is inserted into thin plate and fixation in the inner cavity of the mold, the thin plate is by the mould
The inner cavity of tool is separated into several chambers, and the first casting solution is poured into a mould respectively in several described chambers；First cast
After solution solidification, the second casting solution is poured into a mould in the gap left after extracting the thin plate out；The second casting solution solidification
Afterwards, the mold, polishing model sample corner angle are removed；First casting solution is respectively used to mould with second casting solution
The rock mass and joint plane of quasi- rock texture.
Preferably, a kind of transparent rocks topple over the production method of model sample, include the following steps：
S1：The size that model sample is toppled over according to the transparent rocks customizes the mold；
S2：The thin plate is inserted into the inner cavity of the mold, is fixed the thin plate with the first fixing piece, the thin plate will
The inner cavity of the mold is separated into several chambers；
S3:First casting solution is prepared in proportion, is injected into the chamber；Cover the mating top of the mold
It covers and is fixed with the second fixing piece；
S4：After first casting solution is fully cured, second fixing piece, the head cover and described first are removed
Fixing piece extracts the thin plate out, in former insertion position leaving gap after the thin plate extraction；
S5：Second casting solution is prepared in proportion, and is injected into the gap；Wait for second casting solution
After solidification, the mold is removed, corner angle is polished off and topples over model sample to get to the transparent rocks.
Before the first casting solution cast, the inner cavity of the mold, the thin plate, the first fixing piece even spread
One layer of releasing agent, convenient follow-up dismounting.
Further, the mold along its length, height consecutive variations.With the inclination on the actual rock slope of real simulation
Structure avoids the error in kind brought with model structure difference.
Further, the inner cavity of the mold is equipped with the groove for fixing the thin plate.The groove is set to institute
Side wall or the bottom for stating the inner cavity of mold, can further fix the thin plate；The stress in resin curing process is avoided to cause thin
The position offset of plate causes finally formed rock slope structural model that cannot really reflect actual rock slope structure.
Further, the stepped variation of the height of the thin plate, to form the chamber of different shape and volume.No
With first casting solution is poured into a mould in the chamber of capacity, the rock slope structure of consecutive variations can be formed after solidification, it being capable of concept of reality
Measure deformation, the destructive process of each structure division in the rock slope slopes model toppling process Zhong Yan.
In the manufacturing process of petrophysical model, the thickness of rock slope structure joint plane can be adjusted according to the gauge of sheet
Whole, to meet different experiment demands, acquisition is more, more accurately tests information.Preferably, the gauge of sheet be 3~
7mm.More preferably, the gauge of sheet is 5mm.
Preferably, the thin plate is flexible material, such as high molecule plastic, metal etc..The thin plate flexible can basis
The bending degree of joint plane in the structure of rock slope is moderately adjusted when carrying out thin plate fixation, with the shape of real simulation Rock Joint Plane
State.
The quantity of joint plane can be adjusted according to the quantity of the thin plate in strata model structure, to simulate true rock mass
Structure.Preferably, the quantity of the thin plate is 7~10 pieces.
Existing structure may be used in first fixing piece, for fixing the thin plate, as a kind of implementation
Mode, first fixing piece include fixed part, bayonet and interconnecting piece, and the bayonet and the fixed part pass through the interconnecting piece
Connection；The fixed part is fixed on the side wall of the mold, the bayonet be adjustable berth away from bascule.Preferably, institute
The side wall that fixed part is sticked to the mold is stated, the buckle is slidable two opposite shrapnels, and the shrapnel passes through setting
Guide rail on interconnecting piece slidably reciprocates, to adjust the spacing of two shrapnel.
Existing structure may be used in second fixing piece, for fixing the head cover, as a kind of implementation
Mode, second fixing piece is bonded adhesives, buckle etc., for head cover to be fixed on the mold.The mold head cover is solid
Surely it is that, if head cover is fixed not tight, may result in form inclined side slope model and pour liquid stream and go out, mode shape cannot reach
To ideal effect.
Further, first fixing piece, second fixing piece are an integral molding structure.Integrated formed structure is consolidated
The thin plate and the head cover can be fixed simultaneously by determining part.
Preferably, first fixing piece, the second fixing piece by connector be connected and three be an integral molding structure；The
Two opposite shrapnels are set on one fixing piece, form the card slot for fixing the thin plate between the shrapnel；Described second
Fixing piece is convex slot, for fixing the head cover；The top of two shrapnels is connected with the guide rail for being arranged in connector side,
The other side of the connector is connected with the convex slot.The length of the connector and the sidewall thickness of the mold are mutually fitted
It answers.
Further, first casting solution is made of transparent epoxy resin and curing agent.The transparent epoxy resin
For colourless liquid, nontoxic non-volatility, transparency is high, good fluidity, can penetrate into slight void and replicate real surface, economical real
With.The curing agent be aliphatic amine curing agent, as vinyl triamine, aminoethyl piperazine, diaminocyclohexane, ethylenediamine,
Diethylenetriamine etc., reactivity is high, can be with rapid curing under room temperature or low temperature；To humidity relative insensitivity；With certain
Colour stability；Good chemical resistance simultaneously has good electrical property and mechanical performance.
First casting solution prepare the specific steps are：The transparent epoxy resin and institute are weighed according to design requirement
State curing agent；The load weighted epoxy resin and the curing agent are poured into stirring container, being stirred continuously with glass bar makes
Be thoroughly mixed to form mixture, be then placed in negative pressure box deaeration and handle half an hour.According to the design requirement pair of mold strength
The adjustment of resin type and ratio, it may be preferred that the mass ratio of the transparent epoxy resin and the curing agent is 10~40:1, more
Preferably, the mass ratio of the transparent epoxy resin and the curing agent is 12~18:1.
Further, second casting solution is gypsum binder or silica gel.Second casting solution can be used for mould
Quasi- Rock Joint Plane.The gypsum binder adhesive surface mechanical property and cast material similar performance；Silica gel high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant
Erosion；Make simple, easy demoulding；Good fluidity can penetrate into slight void and replicate real surface；It is unlikely to deform, is reusable.
The rock mass and joint plane of first casting solution and second casting solution difference simulation rock structure, simulation
Intensity is big after first casting solution forming and hardening of rock mass structure, and transparency is good；Simulate the second casting solution solidification of joint plane
Meet caking ability after water afterwards, intensity declines, that is, meet water occur to destroy, cracking, the two cooperation can be used for simulating true rock
Body structure destructive process.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) compact structure, transparent model sample can be produced, convenient for intuitively observing destructive process when rock is toppled over
Variation；
2) transparent epoxy resin is used to pour into a mould, normal temperature solidified, transparency is good, and internal structure is visual, can solve existing examination
The problem of structural plane internal information can not be obtained in testing, makes rock Visualization have higher confidence level.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that a kind of transparent rocks of the present invention topple over mold in the production method of model sample；
Fig. 2 is the side structure signal that a kind of transparent rocks of the present invention topple over mold in the production method of model sample
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view that a kind of transparent rocks of the present invention topple over fixing piece in the production method of model sample；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that a kind of transparent rocks of the present invention topple over fixing piece in the production method of model sample；
Fig. 5 is that a kind of transparent rocks of the present invention topple over transparent rocks in the production method of model sample and topple over model examination
The structural schematic diagram of sample；
In figure：1, inner cavity；2, the fixing piece of integrated formed structure；21, shrapnel；22 convex slots；23, guide rail；24, it connects
Part；3, thin plate.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that
Described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the implementation in the present invention
Example, all other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the conditions of not making creative work belong to
The scope of protection of the invention.
The fixing piece 2 of integrated formed structure of the present invention, including the first fixing piece, the second fixing piece and connector
24；Two opposite shrapnels 21 are set on first fixing piece, form the card for fixing the thin plate 3 between the shrapnel 21
Slot；Second fixing piece is convex slot 22, for fixing the head cover；The top of two shrapnels 21 is with setting in connector
The guide rail 23 of 24 sides is connected, and the other side of the connector 24 is connected with the convex slot 22.The length of the connector 24
It is adapted with the sidewall thickness of the mold.
Embodiment 1
According to the size custom mold of model sample, the bottom level of the mold, the mold is along its length, high
Spend consecutive variations.One layer of vaseline of even spread on the inner cavity of the mold 1, the material by the 3mm thickness for being coated with vaseline are
The thin plate 3 of plastics is inserted into inner cavity 1, and thin plate 3 is fixed on the side wall of inner cavity 1 with the first fixing piece of coating vaseline, and thin plate 3 will
The inner cavity 1 of the mold is separated into several chambers；The quantity of thin plate 3 is 7 pieces.
According to design requirement, it is 10 to weigh mass ratio:1 transparent epoxy resin E-51 and ethylenediamine, by load weighted original
Material pours into stirring container, is stirred continuously with glass bar and is allowed to be thoroughly mixed to form mixture, is then placed in deaeration in negative pressure box
Processing half an hour can be obtained the first casting solution.First casting solution is injected in the chamber of different shape and volume,
Injection rate is gradually decreased from the high side of side plate height to the low side of side plate height, and the blank on rock slope also preliminarily forms.
Mating head cover in the top cover of inner cavity 1, is used in combination the second fixing piece to fix, and after first casting solution is fully cured, moves
Head cover, the first fixing piece, the second fixing piece are walked, slowly extracts thin plate 3 out.Thin plate 3 leaves a void after extracting out in former insertion position.
By second casting solution, i.e. gypsum adhesive, the gypsum adhesive by certain mass gypsum powder and
Water mixes, in the gap that injection thin plate 3 leaves；After its solidification, polishes off corner angle and topple over mould to get to transparent rocks
Type sample.
Embodiment 2
According to the size custom mold of model sample, the bottom level of the mold, the mold is along its length, high
Spend consecutive variations.One layer of paraffin of even spread on the inner cavity of the mold 1, the material that will be coated with the 7mm thickness of paraffin are plastics
Thin plate 3 be inserted into 1 bottom of inner cavity setting groove, thin plate 3 simultaneously with coating paraffin integrated formed structure fixing piece 2 on
Shrapnel 21 is fixed, and the inner cavity 1 of the mold is separated into several chambers by thin plate 3；The quantity of thin plate 3 is 10 pieces.
According to design requirement, it is 40 to weigh mass ratio:1 bromo propanepoxy resin and diaminocyclohexane,
Load weighted raw material is poured into stirring container, is stirred continuously with glass bar and is allowed to be thoroughly mixed to form mixture, be then placed in
Deaeration processing half an hour can be obtained the first casting solution in negative pressure box.First casting solution is injected into different shape and appearance
In long-pending chamber, injection rate is gradually decreased from the high side of side plate height to the low side of side plate height, and the blank on rock slope is also first
Step forms.Head cover is stuck in the convex on the fixing piece 2 of integrated formed structure by the mating head cover in the top cover of inner cavity 1
In slot 22；After first casting solution is fully cured, the fixing piece 2 of head cover and integrated formed structure is removed, is slowly extracted out
Thin plate 3.Thin plate 3 can leave a void after extracting out in former insertion position.
In the gap that second casting solution, i.e. silica gel, injection thin plate 3 are left；After its solidification, rib is polished off
Topple over model sample to get to transparent rocks in angle.
Embodiment 3
According to the size custom mold of model sample, the bottom level of the mold, the mold is along its length, high
Spend consecutive variations.One layer of glycerine of even spread on the inner cavity of the mold 1, the material that will be coated with the 5mm thickness of glycerine are metal
Thin plate 3 be inserted into 1 side wall of inner cavity setting groove, thin plate 3 simultaneously with coating glycerine integrated formed structure fixing piece 2 on
Shrapnel 21 is fixed, and the inner cavity 1 of the mold is separated into several chambers by thin plate 3；The quantity of thin plate 3 is 8 pieces.
According to design requirement, it is 25 to weigh mass ratio:1 transparent epoxy resin E-51 and diethylenetriamine, will weigh
Raw material pour into stirring container, be stirred continuously with glass bar and be allowed to be thoroughly mixed to form mixture, be then placed in negative pressure box
Deaeration processing half an hour can be obtained the first casting solution.First casting solution is injected to the chamber of different shape and volume
Interior, injection rate is gradually decreased from the high side of side plate height to the low side of side plate height, and the blank on rock slope also preliminarily forms.
Head cover is stuck in the convex slot 22 on the fixing piece 2 of integrated formed structure by the mating head cover in the top cover of inner cavity 1；It waits for
After first casting solution is fully cured, head cover and integrally formed fixing piece 2 are removed, slowly extracts thin plate 3 out.Thin plate 3 is taken out
It can be left a void in former insertion position after going out.
By second casting solution, i.e. gypsum adhesive, the gypsum adhesive by certain mass gypsum powder and
Water mixes, in the gap that injection thin plate 3 leaves；After its solidification, polishes off corner angle and topple over mould to get to transparent rocks
Type sample.
Test example 1
The performance parameter of transparent petrophysical model prepared by Examples 1 to 3 is as shown in table 1：
Table 1
By 1 test data of table it is found that the performance parameter of transparent petrophysical model prepared by experimental example 1~3 can meet reality
Experiment demand.
Test example 2
Smaller external force applied to transparent petrophysical model prepared by experimental example 1~3, observation find petrophysical model joint plane without
Cracking；Structure more energetically is carried out to transparent petrophysical model prepared by experimental example 1~3 to destroy, observation finds the broken of petrophysical model
Badly topple over phenomenon gradually to occur.It follows that transparent petrophysical model prepared by experimental example 1~3 can meet experiment demand.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can carry out these embodiments a variety of variations, modification, replace
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (10)
1. the production method that a kind of transparent rocks topple over model sample, which is characterized in that include the following steps：According to described
Bright rocks topple over the size custom mold of model sample；Thin plate and fixation, the thin plate are inserted into the inner cavity of the mold
The inner cavity of the mold is separated into several chambers, the first casting solution is poured into a mould respectively in several described chambers；It is described
After the solidification of first casting solution, the second casting solution is poured into a mould in the gap left after extracting the thin plate out；Second cast
After solution solidification, the mold, polishing model sample corner angle are removed；First casting solution and second casting solution point
Not Yong Yu simulation rock structure rock mass and joint plane.
2. the production method that a kind of transparent rocks as described in claim 1 topple over model sample, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
S1：The size that model sample is toppled over according to the transparent rocks customizes the mold；
S2：The thin plate is inserted into the inner cavity of the mold, is fixed the thin plate with the first fixing piece, the thin plate will be described
The inner cavity of mold is separated into several chambers；
S3:First casting solution is prepared in proportion, is injected into the chamber；Cover the mating head cover of the mold simultaneously
It is fixed with the second fixing piece；
S4：After first casting solution is fully cured, second fixing piece is removed, the head cover and described first is fixed
Part extracts the thin plate out, in former insertion position leaving gap after the thin plate extraction；
S5：Second casting solution is prepared in proportion, and is injected into the gap；Wait for the second casting solution solidification
Afterwards, the mold is removed, corner angle is polished off and topples over model sample to get to the transparent rocks.
3. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature exists
Along its length in, the mold, height consecutive variations.
4. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature exists
In the inner cavity of the mold is equipped with the groove for fixing the thin plate.
5. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature exists
In the stepped variation of height of the thin plate, to form the chamber of different shape and volume.
6. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature exists
In the gauge of sheet is 3~7mm.
7. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature exists
In the quantity of the thin plate is 7~10 pieces.
8. the production method that a kind of transparent rocks as claimed in claim 2 topple over model sample, which is characterized in that described the
One fixing piece, second fixing piece are an integral molding structure.
9. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature exists
In first casting solution is made of transparent epoxy resin and curing agent.
10. as a kind of transparent rocks of claim 1 to 2 any one of them topple over the production method of model sample, feature
It is, second casting solution is gypsum binder or silica gel.
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| CN114858551A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Method for monitoring deformation field at layered interface of layered sample |
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