CN108511617B - Organic electroluminescent device - Google Patents

Organic electroluminescent device Download PDF

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CN108511617B
CN108511617B CN201810470032.6A CN201810470032A CN108511617B CN 108511617 B CN108511617 B CN 108511617B CN 201810470032 A CN201810470032 A CN 201810470032A CN 108511617 B CN108511617 B CN 108511617B
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light
light emitting
organic light
emitting
organic
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CN108511617A (en
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周小康
张浩杰
逄辉
何麟
李梦真
魏金贝
李田田
金世遇
李维维
李国孟
田景文
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Yungu Guan Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
    • H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K50/852—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of display, and discloses an organic electroluminescent device which comprises m monochromatic light organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths or white light organic light emitting diodes with optical filtersA photodiode; the organic light-emitting diode with the light-emitting wavelength of the microcavity structure comprises at least two light-emitting layers; the microcavity optical length L of the organic light-emitting diode with the microcavity structure and the light-emitting wavelength lambda of the corresponding light-emitting unit satisfy the following relational expression: l isi＝niλi(ii) a Wherein n is more than or equal to 2, n is a positive integer, and n corresponding to at least one organic light-emitting diode is more than or equal to 3; m is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 1, and i and m are positive integers. Namely, n-order microcavity effect can be realized in the organic light-emitting diode with the microcavity structure, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, so that a second-order microcavity, a third-order microcavity, a fourth-order microcavity or a higher-order microcavity can be realized, the microcavity effect is enhanced, the spectrum is further narrowed, and the color gamut area is further increased.

Description

Organic electroluminescent device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to an organic electroluminescent device.
Background
An Organic Light Emitting Display (abbreviated as OLED) is an active Light Emitting Display device, and has the advantages of high contrast, wide viewing angle, low power consumption, and thinner volume, and can be prepared by an inkjet printing technology and a roll-to-roll (roll) process, so that flexible Display is easy to implement, and is one of the most concerned technologies in the current flat panel Display technology.
With the continuous development of OLED technology, higher and higher requirements are put on the performance of display devices. For example, to improve color gamut, etc. The color gamut is a method for encoding a color and also refers to the sum of colors that a technical system is capable of producing. Fig. 1 is a color coordinate diagram prepared by NTSC (National Television Standards Committee), and it can be seen from the diagram that the larger the color gamut area is, the richer the display color of the display device is, and the better the viewing experience is.
In order to adapt to the development trend of the times, the color gamut area is generally increased by improving the purity of three primary colors in the prior art. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: firstly, synthesizing a narrow-spectrum luminescent material, and improving the luminescent color purity of a pixel by using the narrow-spectrum luminescent material; and secondly, introducing quantum dots, and improving the color purity by utilizing the narrow spectral characteristics of the quantum dots.
However, the above solutions all have their own drawbacks, for example, in the first solution, the organic light emitting material has large design and synthesis workload, low yield, and high development cost due to a large amount of experimental verification; in the second scheme, although the introduction of the quantum dot technology can improve the color gamut, the quantum dot technology is substantially photoluminescence, is not electroluminescence, and has low luminous efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the color gamut of the OLED device is not high enough in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides an organic electroluminescent device, which comprises m light-emitting units with different light-emitting wavelengths, wherein each light-emitting unit is a monochromatic light organic light-emitting diode or a white light organic light-emitting diode provided with a light filter;
at least one of the organic light emitting diodes has a microcavity structure; the organic light-emitting diode with the light-emitting wavelength of the microcavity structure comprises at least two light-emitting layers;
the microcavity optical length L of the organic light-emitting diode with the microcavity structure and the light-emitting wavelength lambda of the corresponding light-emitting unit satisfy the following relational expression:
Li＝niλi
wherein n is more than or equal to 2, n is a positive integer, and n corresponding to at least one organic light-emitting diode is more than or equal to 3; m is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 1, and i and m are positive integers.
Optionally, the 577nm is larger than or equal to lambda is larger than or equal to 492nm, and the corresponding organic light emitting diode comprises two light emitting layers.
Optionally, the microcavity lengths of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same.
Optionally, the number of the light emitting layers in the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths is not all the same.
Optionally, the thicknesses of the light emitting layers in the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same.
Optionally, the optical path length between the light emitting layer and the reflective electrode layer in the organic light emitting diode is a × λ/4; wherein a is an odd number.
Optionally, a transparent connection layer is disposed between the adjacent light emitting layers in each organic light emitting diode, and the thickness of the transparent connection layer is 5nm to 100 nm.
Optionally, the transparent connection layer has a refractive index of a stacked structure of at least one or more of a metal layer and a carrier functional layer.
Optionally, the light emitting layer in the organic light emitting diode having the microcavity structure includes at least one thermally activated retardation (TADF) material therein.
Optionally, two thermally activated retardation (TADF) materials are included in the light-emitting layer, which can form an exciplex.
Optionally, a light extraction layer is disposed on a light extraction surface of each of the organic light emitting diodes.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises m luminescent units with different luminescent wavelengths, namely, m lights with different luminescent wavelengths are mixed together to realize full-color display. The light emitting unit is a monochromatic organic light emitting diode with different light emitting wavelengths or a white organic light emitting diode provided with a light filter, namely, the light emitting unit can be formed by combining a plurality of monochromatic organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths, so that full-color display is realized; or a plurality of white light organic light emitting diodes are combined, and light with different wavelengths is filtered out by the optical filter and mixed to be displayed in full color; the full-color display can also be formed by a monochromatic organic light emitting diode and a white organic light emitting diode with different light emitting wavelengths. Therefore, the organic light emitting diode is suitable for different organic light emitting diodes and has a wide application range.
In the microcavity of the organic light emitting diode, when the cavity length and the wavelength of the light wave are in the same order of magnitude, the light with a specific wavelength can be selected and enhanced, so that the spectrum narrowing is realized, namely the microcavity effect is generated.
The microcavity optical length L and the luminous wavelength lambda of each organic light-emitting diode with the microcavity structure satisfy the following relational expression:
Li＝niλi
wherein n is more than or equal to 2, n is a positive integer, and n corresponding to at least one organic light-emitting diode is more than or equal to 3; m is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 1, and i and m are positive integers.
That is to say, the microcavity optical length L of the organic light emitting diode having the microcavity structure is n times of the emission wavelength of the corresponding light emitting unit, that is, an n-order microcavity effect can be realized in the organic light emitting diode having the microcavity structure, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, so that a second-order microcavity, a third-order microcavity, a fourth-order microcavity or a higher-order microcavity can be realized, the microcavity effect is enhanced, the spectrum is further narrowed, and the color gamut area is further increased.
In addition, at least one organic light emitting diode with the microcavity structure has at least two light emitting layers, that is, two light emitting layers or three or more light emitting layers can be arranged in one or more organic light emitting diodes according to actual requirements. Therefore, on one hand, the microcavity optical path of one or more organic light-emitting diodes is increased, the microcavity effect is enhanced, the color gamut area is increased, and the integral high color gamut of the organic electroluminescent device is ensured; on the other hand, the luminous flux is obviously increased, and the luminous efficiency and the luminous effect are improved.
In the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the lengths of the micro cavities of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same. The cavity length is an important factor for regulating the microcavity optical path, and the microcavity lengths of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same, so that the microcavity optical paths corresponding to the organic light emitting diodes are not all the same, that is, the microcavity orders are not all the same, that is, different orders of the microcavity effect can be set according to the attributes (such as wavelength, spectrum, and the like) of different emergent light, thereby achieving the optimal spectrum narrowing effect and the optimal color gamut area.
In the organic electroluminescent device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the numbers of the light emitting layers of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same, that is, different numbers of light emitting layers can be set for the organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths according to the attributes (such as wavelength, spectrum, and the like) of different outgoing light, so as to adjust the optical path of the outgoing light propagating in the corresponding microcavity, and realize that the organic light emitting diodes with different outgoing light correspond to different microcavity intensities. Similarly, in the organic electroluminescent device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the thicknesses of the light emitting layers in the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same, and the light emitting layers with different thicknesses can be set for the organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths according to the attributes (such as wavelength, spectrum, and the like) of different outgoing light, so as to adjust the optical path of the outgoing light propagating in the corresponding microcavity, thereby implementing that the organic light emitting diodes with different outgoing light correspond to different microcavity intensities.
In the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the optical path between the luminescent layer and the reflecting electrode layer in the organic light emitting diode is a lambda/4; wherein a is an odd number. Therefore, the luminescent layer is positioned at the position of a wave crest or a wave trough in the microcavity, and the luminescent efficiency is effectively improved.
In the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the luminescent layer in the organic light emitting diode with the microcavity structure comprises at least one thermally activated retardation (TADF) material. Compared with the traditional light-emitting layer material, the thermal activation delayed fluorescent material can convert triplet excitons which cannot emit light into usable singlet excitons at room temperature, so that the thermal activation delayed fluorescent material is added in the light-emitting layer, the higher light-emitting efficiency is realized, and the higher color purity can be ensured.
According to the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the light-emitting surface of each organic light-emitting diode is provided with the light-taking-out layer, and the arrangement of the light-taking-out layer improves the light utilization rate and the light-emitting efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a prior art NTSC color gamut diagram;
fig. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-emitting layer in an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an organic electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-an organic light emitting diode; 11-a first electrode layer; 111-a reflective layer; 112-anode layer; 12-a light emitting layer; 121-a host material; 122-guest material; 13-a second electrode layer; 131-a metal oxide layer; 132-a metal layer; 14-a transparent tie layer; 15-an optical compensation layer; 151-hole injection layer; 152-a hole transport layer; 153-electron blocking layer; 154-hole blocking layer; 155-electron transport layer; 156-electron injection layer; 16-an optical filter; 17-light extraction layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The embodiment of the invention provides an organic electroluminescent device which comprises m light-emitting units with different light-emitting wavelengths, wherein the light-emitting units are monochromatic organic light-emitting diodes 1 or white organic light-emitting diodes 1 provided with optical filters 16, and the types of the optical filters are selected to be red optical filters, green optical filters or blue optical filters according to the wavelength of emergent light.
That is, in the organic electroluminescent device, light emitting units of m different emission wavelengths, that is, light of m different emission wavelengths are mixed together to realize full color display. As shown in fig. 2a, the light emitting unit may be a combination of a plurality of monochromatic light organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths, so as to implement full color display, for example, a combination of a red light organic light emitting diode, a green light organic light emitting diode, and a blue light organic light emitting diode implements full color display; as shown in fig. 2b, the display panel may also be formed by combining a plurality of white organic light emitting diodes, and light with different wavelengths is filtered out by an optical filter, for example, red light, green light, and blue light are filtered out and mixed to form a full color display; the full-color display can also be formed by a monochromatic organic light emitting diode and a white organic light emitting diode with different light emitting wavelengths. Therefore, the organic light emitting diode is suitable for different organic light emitting diodes and has a wide application range.
In this embodiment, at least one of the organic light emitting diodes has a microcavity structure, the red and blue organic light emitting diodes do not have a microcavity structure, and the green organic light emitting diode has a microcavity structure. In the microcavity of the organic light emitting diode, when the cavity length and the wavelength of the light wave are in the same order of magnitude, the light with a specific wavelength can be selected and enhanced, so that the spectrum narrowing is realized, namely the microcavity effect is generated.
Specifically, the organic light emitting diode 1 includes a first electrode layer 11, a light emitting layer 12, and a second electrode layer 13, which are stacked, where the first electrode layer 11 is a reflective electrode layer, the second electrode layer 13 is a transflective electrode layer, and a microcavity structure is formed between the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13.
The microcavity optical length L of the organic light-emitting diode with the microcavity structure and the light-emitting wavelength lambda of the corresponding light-emitting unit satisfy the following relational expression:
Li＝niλi
wherein n is more than or equal to 2, n is a positive integer, and n corresponding to at least one organic light-emitting diode is more than or equal to 3; m is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 1, and i and m are positive integers.
L specifically refers to a propagation path of light emitted from the light emitting layer during the process of being reflected by the first electrode layer, reflected by the second electrode layer, and returned to the starting position, and an equivalent path generated by reflection phase shift of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The propagation path is typically twice the sum of the products of the thickness of the layers through which the light passes and the corresponding refractive indices.
That is to say, the microcavity optical length L of the organic light emitting diode having the microcavity structure is n times of the emission wavelength of the corresponding light emitting unit, that is, an n-order microcavity effect can be realized in the organic light emitting diode having the microcavity structure, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, so that a second-order microcavity, a third-order microcavity, a fourth-order microcavity or a higher-order microcavity can be realized, the microcavity effect is enhanced, the spectrum is further narrowed, and the color gamut area is further increased.
Preferably, niThe orders of the microcavity effects, i.e., the intensities, in the organic light emitting diodes are not all the same, i.e., different orders of the microcavity effects can be set according to different properties (such as wavelength, spectrum, and the like) of the emitted light, so as to achieve the optimal spectrum narrowing effect and the optimal color gamut area.
For example, because the color coordinates of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the blue light emitting wavelength are closer to the color coordinates of the blue light of the high color gamut standard, the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the red light emitting wavelength can realize the color gamut expansion by the spectral red shift, and the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength is difficult to realize the color gamut expansion like the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the red light emitting wavelength and the blue light organic light emitting diode due to the limitations of the organic light emitting diodes. Accordingly, the microcavity order of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green emission wavelength can be set to be greater than the microcavity orders of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the red and blue emission wavelengths. For example, the microcavity order n of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength is set to 3 or higher, and the microcavity orders of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the red and blue light emitting wavelengths are set to 2, so that the microcavity intensity of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength can be matched with the microcavity intensities of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the red and blue light emitting wavelengths, and the high color gamut of the whole organic electroluminescent device can be realized.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2a and 2b, at least one organic light emitting diode 1 having a microcavity structure light emitting wavelength includes at least two light emitting layers 12. That is, two light emitting layers or three or more light emitting layers may be disposed in one or more organic light emitting diodes according to actual requirements. Therefore, on one hand, the microcavity optical path of one or more organic light-emitting diodes is increased, the microcavity effect is enhanced, the color gamut area is increased, and the integral high color gamut of the organic electroluminescent device is ensured; on the other hand, the luminous flux is obviously increased, and the luminous efficiency and the luminous effect are improved.
For example, two light emitting layers are arranged in an organic light emitting diode corresponding to a green light emitting wavelength, wherein the green light emitting wavelength lambda is 492nm to 577 nm; a light emitting layer is arranged in each organic light emitting diode corresponding to the light wavelength of red light and blue light, the light emitting wavelength lambda of the red light is 600-760 nm, and the light emitting wavelength lambda of the blue light is 435-480 nm; or two light emitting layers are arranged in the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light wavelengths of the green light and the red light, and one light emitting layer is arranged in the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the light wavelength of the blue light.
As an alternative embodiment, the microcavity lengths of the organic light emitting diodes 1 corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same. The cavity length is an important factor for regulating the microcavity optical path, and the microcavity lengths of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same, so that the microcavity optical paths corresponding to the organic light emitting diodes are not all the same, that is, the microcavity orders are not all the same, that is, different orders of the microcavity effect can be set according to the attributes (such as wavelength, spectrum, and the like) of different emergent light, thereby achieving the optimal spectrum narrowing effect and the optimal color gamut area.
As an alternative embodiment, a transparent connecting layer 14 is arranged between the adjacent light-emitting layers 12 in each organic light-emitting diode 1, and the transparent connecting layer 14 is selected from, but not limited to Li2CO3、HAT-CN、TAPC、Li2CO3HAT-CN, TAPC HAT-CN, Ag, ITO, etc., or a multilayer laminated composite structure, for example, Li2CO3HAT-CN/TAPC, etc. The thickness of the transparent connecting layer 14 is 5nm to 100 nm.
HAT-CN is 2,3,6,7,10, 11-hexacyano-1, 4,5,8,9, 12-hexaazatriphenylene;
TAPC is 4,4' -cyclohexylbis [ N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl) aniline ].
As an alternative embodiment, the number of the light emitting layers 12 in the organic light emitting diode 1 corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths is not all the same. The light emitting layers with different numbers can be arranged for the organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths according to the attributes (such as wavelength, spectrum and the like) of different emergent light, so that the optical path of the emergent light transmitted in the corresponding microcavity is adjusted, and the organic light emitting diodes with different emergent light correspond to different microcavity intensities. For example, two light emitting layers are provided in the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength, and one light emitting layer is provided in each of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to the red and blue light emitting wavelengths.
As an alternative implementation manner, as shown in fig. 3, in the organic electroluminescent device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the thicknesses of the light emitting layers 12 in the organic light emitting diodes 1 corresponding to the light emitting units with different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same, and the light emitting layers with different thicknesses can be set for the organic light emitting diodes with different light emitting wavelengths according to the attributes (such as wavelength, spectrum, and the like) of different outgoing light, so as to adjust the optical path of the outgoing light propagating in the corresponding microcavity, and thus the organic light emitting diodes with different outgoing light correspond to different microcavity intensities.
For example, the thickness of the light emitting layer of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength is set to be greater than the thickness of the light emitting layer of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the red and blue light emitting wavelengths.
In an alternative embodiment, the optical distance between the light-emitting layer 12 and the reflective electrode layer in the organic light-emitting diode 1 is a × λ/4; wherein a is an odd number. Therefore, the luminescent layer is positioned at the position of a wave crest or a wave trough in the microcavity, and the luminescent efficiency is effectively improved. For example, the optical path length between the light emitting layer and the reflective electrode layer may be λ/4, 3 λ/4,5 λ/4, 7 λ/4, etc.
As an alternative embodiment, the light-emitting layer 12 in the organic light-emitting diode 1 having a microcavity structure includes at least one thermally activated retardation (TADF) material therein. Compared with the traditional light-emitting layer material, the thermal activation delayed fluorescent material can convert triplet excitons which cannot emit light into usable singlet excitons at room temperature, so that the thermal activation delayed fluorescent material is added in the light-emitting layer, the higher light-emitting efficiency is realized, and the higher color purity can be ensured.
In practical application, a thermal activation delay material can be added into the luminescent layer corresponding to the red light luminescent wavelength, a thermal activation delay material can be added into the luminescent layer corresponding to the green light luminescent wavelength, and a thermal activation delay material can be added into the luminescent layer corresponding to the blue light luminescent wavelength.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the light-emitting layer 12 includes a host material 121 and a guest material 122, the host material 121 includes at least one thermal activation delay material, and the guest material 122 is a fluorescent material. Compared with the traditional method that the fluorescent material is used as both the host material and the guest material of the luminescent layer, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention adds the thermal activation delay material into the host material, uses the fluorescent material as the guest material, and converts triplet excitons which cannot emit light into usable singlet excitons at room temperature by using the thermal activation delay material, thereby improving the luminous efficiency. In addition, due to the narrow spectrum characteristic of the fluorescent material, the organic electroluminescent device can be ensured to have a narrower spectrum, higher color purity and a higher color gamut area.
Alternatively, two thermally activated retardation (TADF) materials, which may form an exciplex, are included in the host material 121 of the light-emitting layer 12. Thereby further improving the light emitting efficiency of the organic light emitting diode. The reason is that the luminescent layer uses the fluorescent material as the guest, so according to the direct capture luminescence mechanism, a large amount of triplet excitons cannot be effectively utilized for the guest fluorescent material.
Wherein the thermal activation delay material can be selected from any thermal activation delay material such as but not limited to 4CZ-IPN, PIC-TRZ, 2PXZ-OXD and the like, and the fluorescent material can be selected from any fluorescent material such as but not limited to Alq3, C545T, DPVBi, DCJTB and the like.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a light extraction layer 17 is disposed on the light exit surface of each organic light emitting diode 1. Specifically, the light extraction layer is arranged on the second electrode layer in the organic light emitting diode, and the arrangement of the light extraction layer improves the utilization rate of light and improves the luminous efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the light extraction layer 17 is preferably 20 to 100nm, and the refractive index of the light extraction layer is 1.4 to 3.0. The light extraction layer is selected from, but not limited to, TAPC, NPB, TPBi, and the like.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first electrode layer 11 includes a reflective layer 111 and an anode layer 112 stacked, and the anode layer 112 is disposed adjacent to the light emitting layer 12. The thicknesses of the reflective layers 111 and the anode layers 112 of the organic light emitting diodes 1 corresponding to different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same. The reflecting layer and the anode layer jointly form a first electrode layer, so that on one hand, the thickness of the first electrode layer is increased, the microcavity optical path is increased, and further the microcavity effect is enhanced; on the other hand, the reflective layer is separately arranged, which is helpful for enhancing the reflection effect of the first electrode layer and further enhancing the microcavity effect. In addition, different thicknesses of the first electrode layer are realized by setting different thicknesses of the anode layer, and further, the microcavity intensity of the organic light-emitting diode corresponding to different light-emitting wavelengths is controlled.
Generally, the thickness of the anode layer of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength is set to be greater than the thickness of the anode layer of the organic light emitting diode corresponding to the red light and blue light emitting wavelengths, and the length of the microcavity corresponding to the emitting wavelength is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the anode layer.
The reflective layer 111 may be a metal material layer, such as a metal silver layer. The anode layer 112 may be a high work function layer, such as an ITO layer.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the second electrode layer 13 includes at least two metal oxide layers 131 and/or metal layers 132 stacked one on another. Therefore, the thickness of the second electrode layer is increased by arranging the plurality of metal oxides or metal layers, the optical path is increased, and the microcavity effect is further enhanced.
For example, the second electrode layer may include a metal oxide layer and a metal layer which are stacked; or two metal oxide layers arranged in a stacked manner; the device also can comprise a metal oxide layer, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer which are arranged in a stacking mode, and other combination modes can be adopted and can be set according to actual requirements.
Wherein the metal oxide layer 131 may be MoO3Or WO3Or IZO or the like; the metal layer 132 may be Ag or Mg, etc. The second electrode layer 13 may be MoO3/Ag/MoO3Or IZO/Ag/IZO, etc.
As an alternative embodiment, the thicknesses of the second electrode layers 13 of the organic light emitting diodes 1 corresponding to different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same. Specifically, the thicknesses of the metal oxide layer 131 and/or the metal layer 132 of the organic light emitting diodes corresponding to different emission wavelengths are not all the same. Namely, different microcavity lengths and microcavity intensities corresponding to different luminescent wavelengths can be realized by arranging metal oxide layers and/or metal layers with different thicknesses.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, a light compensation layer 15 is further disposed between the first electrode layer 11 and the second electrode layer 13, wherein the light compensation layer 15 includes at least one of a hole injection layer 151, a hole transport layer 152, an electron blocking layer 153, a hole blocking layer 154, an electron transport layer 155, and an electron injection layer 156. Therefore, the color gamut area is increased, the transmission efficiency of carriers is improved, and the light emitting efficiency of the organic light emitting diode is improved. In addition, one layer or two or more layers can be arranged according to actual requirements, and the flexibility and the selectivity are high.
For example, when the first electrode layer is an anode and the second electrode layer is a cathode, any one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer is provided between the first electrode layer and the light-emitting layer, and any one or more of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer is provided between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode layer.
It should be noted that, the microcavity length can be further adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the hole transport layer, because the thickness of the hole transport layer has a small influence on the electrical performance of the organic light emitting diode, and the microcavity strength is adjusted while ensuring good electrical performance.
Example 1
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device in this embodiment includes monochromatic light organic light emitting diodes of 3 kinds of light emitting wavelengths, which are a red light organic light emitting diode, a green light organic light emitting diode, and a blue light organic light emitting diode, respectively. Wherein, all three organic light emitting diodes have a microcavity structure.
Each organic light emitting diode includes a first electrode layer, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode layer stacked. The green organic light emitting diode comprises two light emitting layers connected by a transparent connecting layer, wherein the transparent connecting layer is Li2CO3HAT-CN/TAPC, 50nm in thickness and 1.8 in refractive index. The blue and red organic light emitting diodes have a light emitting layer therein, respectively.
In this embodiment, λ corresponding to the red organic light emitting diode1＝630nm，n1＝2，L1＝1260nm；
Lambda corresponding to green light organic light emitting diode2＝520nm，n2＝3，L2＝1560nm；
Lambda corresponding to blue light organic light emitting diode3＝460nm，n3＝2，L3＝920nm。
The device structure of the red organic light emitting diode in the embodiment is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (200nm)/CBP Ir (piq)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
The device structure of the green organic light emitting diode in this embodiment is: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (100nm)/CBP Ir (ppy)3(10％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/Li2CO3(1nm)/HAT-CN(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(100nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
The device structure of the blue-light organic light emitting diode in the embodiment is ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (110nm)/CBP, DPVBi (3%, 30nm)/TPBi (40nm)/LiF (1nm)/Mg, Ag (20%, 15nm)/NPB (60 nm).
Example 2
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the red and green organic light emitting diodes each have two light emitting layers, and the blue organic light emitting diode has one light emitting layer.
The device structure of the red organic light emitting diode in the embodiment is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (70nm)/CBP Ir (piq)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/Li2CO3(1nm)/HAT-CN(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(70nm)/CBP:Ir(piq)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
Example 3
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that: the hole transport layer in the green organic light emitting diode has different thicknesses.
The device structure of the green organic light emitting diode in this embodiment is: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (30nm)/CBP Ir (ppy)3(10％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/Li2CO3(1nm)/HAT-CN(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(30nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)
Example 4
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the transparent connecting layer is Liq/HAT-CN/TAPC, the thickness is 30nm, and the refractive index is 1.8.
Example 5
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the light-emitting layers of the three organic light-emitting diodes all contain a thermally activated retardation (TADF) material. The Thermally Activated Delayed (TADF) material is 4 CZ-IPN.
Example 6
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the light-emitting layers of the three organic light-emitting diodes respectively contain two thermally activated retardation (TADF) materials, and the two thermally activated retardation (TADF) materials can form an exciplex. The two Thermally Activated Delayed (TADF) materials in this example were 4CZ-IPN and PIC-TRZ.
Example 7
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the light extraction layers are different. In this example, the light extraction layer was TAPC, with a thickness of 80nm and a refractive index of 1.8.
Example 8
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and differs from that of the organic electroluminescent devices provided in examples 1 to 7 in that:
in this embodiment, λ corresponding to the red organic light emitting diode1＝630nm，n1＝3，L1＝1890nm；
Lambda corresponding to green light organic light emitting diode2＝520nm，n2＝4，L2＝2080nm；
Lambda corresponding to blue light organic light emitting diode3＝460nm，n3＝2，L3＝1260nm。
In this embodiment, the red light hasThe device structure of the organic light emitting diode is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (380nm)/CBP Ir (piq)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)
The device structure of the green organic light emitting diode in this embodiment is: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (170nm)/CBP Ir (ppy)3(10％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/Li2CO3(1nm)/HAT-CN(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(170nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)
The device structure of the blue organic light emitting diode in this embodiment is: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (110nm)/CBP DPVBi (3%, 30nm)/TPBi (40nm)/LiF (1nm)/Mg Ag (20%, 15nm)/NPB (60nm)
Example 9
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The device structure was the same as in example 1. The difference from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 is that:
the organic electroluminescent device in this embodiment is composed of a white organic light emitting diode, and a red light filter, a green light filter and a blue light filter are respectively disposed on a light emitting surface of the white organic light emitting diode.
In this embodiment, the device structure of the white organic light emitting diode is as follows:
ITO(10nm)/Ag(100nm)/ITO(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(170nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3(15％):Ir(piq)3(0.2％)(30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/Li2CO3(1nm)/HAT-CN(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(170nm)/CBP:DPVBi(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)
the wavelengths of the red light filter, the green light filter and the blue light filter are respectively as follows: 630nm, 520nm and 460 nm.
Example 10
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the green organic light emitting diode and the blue organic light emitting diode are both provided with two light emitting layers, and the red organic light emitting diode is provided with one light emitting layer. In this embodiment, the device structure of the blue organic light emitting diode is as follows:
ITO(10nm)/Ag(100nm)/ITO(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(70nm)/CBP:DPVBi(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/Li2CO3(1nm)/HAT-CN(10nm)/CuPc(20nm)/TPD(110nm)/CBP:DPVBi(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm).
example 11
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 10, and the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 10 is different in that:
the red organic light emitting diode also has two light emitting layers. In this embodiment, the device structure of the red organic light emitting diode is the same as that of embodiment 2.
Example 12
Embodiments of the present invention provide a specific example of an organic electroluminescent device. The structure is the same as that of example 1, and is different from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the red and blue organic light emitting diodes do not have a microcavity structure.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides an organic electroluminescent device having the same structure as that of example 1, differing from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the transparent connecting layer is Al/Ag/HAT-CN and has the thickness of 20 nm.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides an organic electroluminescent device having the same structure as that of example 1, differing from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that:
the green, red and blue organic light emitting diodes each have a light emitting layer.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides an organic electroluminescent device having the same structure as that of example 1 and the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1The optical devices differ in that: n is1＝n2＝n3＝2。
The structure of the red organic light emitting diode in the comparative example is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (200nm)/CBP Ir (piq)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
The device structure of the green organic light emitting diode in the comparative example is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (140nm)/CBP Ir (ppy)3(3％,30nm)/TPBi(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
The device structure of the blue organic light emitting diode in the comparative example is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (20nm)/TPD (110nm)/CBP DPVBi (3%, 30nm)/TPBi (40nm)/LiF (1nm)/Mg Ag (20%, 15nm)/NPB (60 nm).
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides an organic electroluminescent device having the same structure as that of example 1, differing from the organic electroluminescent device provided in example 1 in that: n is1＝n2＝n3＝1。
The structure of the red organic light emitting diode in the comparative example is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (10nm)/TPD (90nm)/CBP Ir (piq)3(3％,20nm)/TPBi(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
The device structure of the green organic light emitting diode in the comparative example is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (10nm)/TPD (40nm)/CBP Ir (ppy)3(3％,20nm)/TPBi(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/Mg:Ag(20％,15nm)/NPB(60nm)。
The device structure of the blue organic light emitting diode in the comparative example is as follows: ITO (10nm)/Ag (100nm)/ITO (10nm)/CuPc (10nm)/TPD (10nm)/CBP DPVBi (3%, 20nm)/TPBi (30nm)/LiF (1nm)/Mg Ag (20%, 15nm)/NPB (60 nm).
The performance of the above devices was tested and the results are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001662978610000201
Figure BDA0001662978610000211
Figure BDA0001662978610000221
as can be seen from the data in the table above, the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the color purity and increase the color gamut area; meanwhile, the organic electroluminescent device provided by the embodiment of the invention can also effectively improve the luminous efficiency of the device.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. An organic electroluminescent device, characterized by comprising m kinds of light-emitting units with different light-emitting wavelengths, wherein the light-emitting units are monochromatic organic light-emitting diodes (1) or white organic light-emitting diodes (1) provided with optical filters (16);
at least one of the organic light emitting diodes (1) has a microcavity structure; at least one organic light-emitting diode (1) having a microcavity structure at an emission wavelength comprises at least two light-emitting layers (12);
the microcavity optical length L of the organic light-emitting diode (1) with the microcavity structure and the light-emitting wavelength lambda of the corresponding light-emitting unit satisfy the following relational expression:
Li＝niλi
wherein n is more than or equal to 2, n is a positive integer, and n corresponding to at least one organic light-emitting diode is more than or equal to 3; m is more than or equal to i and more than or equal to 1, and i and m are positive integers;
the microcavity order n of the organic light-emitting diode corresponding to the green light emitting wavelength is greater than the microcavity order n of the organic light-emitting diode corresponding to the red light and blue light emitting wavelengths;
the 577nm is more than or equal to lambda and more than or equal to 492nm, the corresponding organic light emitting diode (1) comprises two light emitting layers, the 760nm is more than or equal to lambda and more than or equal to 600nm, the corresponding organic light emitting diode (1) comprises one light emitting layer, the 480nm is more than or equal to lambda and more than or equal to 435nm, and the corresponding organic light emitting diode (1) comprises one light emitting layer.
2. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the microcavity lengths of the organic light emitting diodes (1) corresponding to the light emitting units of different light emitting wavelengths are not all the same.
3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thicknesses of the light-emitting layers (12) in the organic light-emitting diodes (1) corresponding to the light-emitting units of different light-emitting wavelengths are not all the same.
4. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the optical distance between the light-emitting layer (12) and the reflective electrode layer in the organic light-emitting diode (1) is a λ/4; wherein a is an odd number.
5. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a transparent connection layer (14) is disposed between the adjacent light emitting layers (12) in each of the organic light emitting diodes (1), and the thickness of the transparent connection layer (14) is 5nm to 100 nm.
6. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transparent connection layer (14) provided between the adjacent light emitting layers (12) in each of the organic light emitting diodes (1) is a laminated structure of at least one or more of a metal layer and a carrier functional layer.
7. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light-emitting layer (12) in the organic light-emitting diode (1) having the microcavity structure comprises at least one thermally activated retardation (TADF) material therein.
8. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light-emitting layer (12) comprises two thermally activated retardation (TADF) materials, which can form an exciplex.
9. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a light extraction layer (17) is provided on the light extraction surface of each of the organic light emitting diodes (1).
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