CN108511143B - A kind of high-performance electromagnet - Google Patents
A kind of high-performance electromagnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN108511143B CN108511143B CN201810136358.5A CN201810136358A CN108511143B CN 108511143 B CN108511143 B CN 108511143B CN 201810136358 A CN201810136358 A CN 201810136358A CN 108511143 B CN108511143 B CN 108511143B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-performance electromagnets, belong to magnetic alloy material technical field, which is made of coil and magnetive cord, and wherein the raw material group of magnetive cord becomes Fe78Nb1.5Cu1AlxB12Ge7.5‑x(matching by mass percentage, wherein 1≤x≤5).The component raw material of magnetive cord is subjected to ball milling and obtains nano-crystal magnetic alloy powder, using simple technical process such as insulating wrapped, high temperature compacting, curing process, finally obtained Saturation magnetic sense intensity and magnetic conductivity is higher, coercivity and core loss value and magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the lesser magnetive cord of magnetostriction, has excellent comprehensive performance with electromagnet prepared by the magnetive cord.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-performance electromagnets, belong to magnetic alloy material technical field.
Background technique
Electromagnet is switched on a kind of device for generating electromagnetism, in production and life using very extensive, such as electromagnetism
Crane, electromagnetic relay, electric bell, electromagnetic ore separator, magnetic suspension train, loudspeaker, household electrical appliance etc..Electromagnet it is basic
Working principle are as follows: when electric current passes through solenoid, then uniform magnetic field can be generated in solenoid, if being placed at solenoidal center
Ferromagnetic material, then this ferromagnetic material can be magnetized, and the iron core after magnetization also becomes a magnet, in this way due to two magnetic
Field is mutually superimposed, so that solenoidal magnetism be made to greatly enhance.
It is such often using the faster soft iron material of demagnetization as iron core in order to make electromagnet power off demagnetization immediately
Electromagnet is magnetic when being powered, magnetic after power-off just to disappear therewith.Soft magnetic materials includes crystalline state, amorphous state and nano-crystal soft-magnetic
Material etc..The resistivity ratio of crystalline state soft magnetic materials is lower, causes big eddy-current loss compared with Gao Shihui in frequency of use, higher
It will lead to skin effect under frequency, this just seriously limits electromagnet in the application of high band.Though amorphous soft magnetic material structure
It is upper that magnetocrystalline anisotropy is not present there is no regular dot matrix but very difficult to obtain lower magnetostriction coefficient.Nanometer
Brilliant soft magnetic materials has high initial permeability and low-coercivity because of the crystallite dimension of nanometer scale (general < 50nm), such soft
Permalloy material also has many advantages, such as low-loss, inexpensive.
The preparation method of nano crystal soft magnetic material is usually Amorphous Crystallization method and mechanical alloying method in the prior art.It is existing
Publication No. CN1450570A discloses a kind of preparation method of nano-crystal soft-magnetic strip, mainly passes through single roller chilling technique
Amorphous precursor object is obtained, then imposes Isothermal treatment and prepares nano-crystal soft-magnetic strip, though the amorphous conversion method simple process, magnetic conductance
Rate is higher, but chilling makes material three-dimensional size-constrained, it is difficult to meet in practical application to blocky or irregular shape material
Demand.Publication No. CN1392573A discloses a kind of nano crystal soft magnetic material and preparation method thereof, the chemical component of alloy
Including Fe, Ni, P, B, Cu and Nb, production technology uses mechanical attrition method, with different rotating speeds ball milling 30-80 hours, then lazy
Crystallization temperature is heated in property atmosphere and higher than the arbitrary temp between 30 DEG C of crystallization temperature and keeps the temperature 0.5-1 hours, institute
The saturation induction density for obtaining alloy is not high, and iron loss is higher, and technique is also more complicated.Therefore, develop and screen a kind of technique
Simply, with high Saturation magnetic sense intensity and magnetic conductivity, low coercivity and core loss value and small magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic
Flexible and the good magnetive cord of cutting performance, comprehensive performance and extensive use for electromagnet is caused to have vital meaning
Justice.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, provide a kind of strong with high saturation magnetic strength
Degree and magnetic conductivity, low coercivity and core loss value and small magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction and the good magnetic of cutting performance
Property iron core, the magnetive cord make electromagnet have good comprehensive performance.
Object of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet is by line
Circle and magnetive cord composition, the raw material group of the magnetive cord become Fe78Nb1.5Cu1AlxB12Ge7.5-x(proportion presses quality hundred
Divide than meter, wherein 1≤x≤5).
The addition of a small amount of Cu can reduce the first crystallization temperature of alloy powder and improve its second crystalline substance in inventive formulation
Change temperature and be conducive to the nucleation of α-Fe phase to expand temperature difference therebetween, Nb then prevents crystal grain from growing up, and the two is made jointly
Stablize single α-Fe phase nanocrystalline structure with that can be formed.Solubility of the Ge in Al is very high in formula, and the two forms stable
Eutectic object is remarkably improved the mobility of magnetic alloy, and Ge has lesser magnetostriction, and magnetive cord can be effectively reduced
Magnetostriction, Ge and Al interdependence in formula mutually restrict, and when Ge too high levels, when Al content is too low, Ge has little time
Dissolution just forms the coarse particle of Ge-Al with Al, influences the uniformity and consistency of magnetic alloy, and then reduce magnetive cord
Saturation magnetic sense intensity and magnetic conductivity, when Ge content is too low, when Al content is excessively high, the magnetostriction of magnetive cord is basically unchanged, and
Excessive A1 atom is enriched in α-Fe phase crystal grain and forms Fe3A1 increases the internal stress anisotropy between nanometer crystal alloy powder,
And influence the magnetic conductivity of magnetive cord；Furthermore the Al in formula can also form Al with Cu2Cu phase plays iron-base magnetic alloy
Significant ageing strengthening effect, effectively increases the resistivity of iron core, reduces eddy-current loss.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the magnetive cord is made by the following method:
S1, ingredient is weighed by the raw material composition of above-mentioned magnetive cord, is mixed uniform be put into ball mill and carries out ball milling,
Obtain nanometer crystal alloy powder；
S2, ethyl orthosilicate, the 1-3% for accounting for nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount 5-8% are added into nanometer crystal alloy powder
Silica solution, the alcohol of 15-20%, the deionized water of 5-8%, the nitric acid of 0.005-0.02%, 0.5-3% stearic acid acyl
Amine is stirred by ultrasonic, dries, is ground up, sieved；
S3, green body will be pressed by the nanometer crystal alloy powder of step S2 processing；
S4, by green body under protective atmosphere, be warming up to 500-700 DEG C with the heating rate of 20-30 DEG C/min and anneal
Heat treatment keeps the temperature furnace cooling after 1-3h；
S5, the green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in curing emulsion solidifies, obtain magnetive cord finished product.
In mechanical milling process, raw material powder generates a large amount of deformations under mechanical force, forms the network of dislocation inside powder, when
Dislocation density increase to a certain extent when, crystal grain is divided into many subgrains by the starting of " dislocation born of the same parents " mechanism, passes through quilt repeatedly
Extruding, deformation, fracture and soldering, subgrain is equally distributed nanocrystalline as structural constituent, will be Fe-based amorphous with the prior art
Strip, which applies the obtained nano-crystalline thin ribbon of tensile stress vacuum annealing and carries out the broken nanocrystalline metal powder that obtains to it, to be compared, this hair
Bright mechanical milling process is more easily controlled, and the nanometer crystal alloy powder organization structure obtained is more uniform.Preparation step S2 of the present invention
Hydrolysis occurs under the action of alcohol and deionized water and generates hydroxy compounds silicic acid for middle ethyl orthosilicate, and silicic acid is in silicon
Under the action of colloidal sol, condensation reaction occurs rapidly and generates colloidal mixture, which has high insulating properties and lower
Valence electrical loss, under the passivation of nitric acid formed insulating film be coated on powder particle surface, effectively hinder powder particle
Between direct contact, reduce generated eddy-current loss between powder particle, thereby reduce electromagnet in use
Total losses, while the addition of appropriate stearic amide reduces the friction between insulating film and powder particle, improves insulating bag
Effect is covered, the knockout press reduced during compression moulding is also helped.Compared with cladding process in the prior art, packet of the present invention
Coating process is simple, effectively reduces the introducing of impurity in mixed process, powder is prevented to be oxidized, and agents useful for same safety and environmental protection,
Compatibility is reasonable.
The defects of some internal stress and dislocation can be generated during compression moulding, to deteriorate the magnetic property of green body, it is
This adverse effect of reduction, the present invention have carried out annealing heat-treatment to green body.With the raising of heat treatment temperature, help to mention
The magnetic conductivity of high green body reduces its loss, but excessively high heat treatment temperature (more than 700 DEG C) can destroy the internal structure of green body,
Decline magnetic conductivity, eddy-current loss increases.With the extension of heat treatment time, the internal stress that green body generates in pressing process is not
Disconnected release, internal flaw gradually decrease, and the mobile obstruction with domain wall rotation of magnetic domain reduces, and magnetic conductivity increases, but heat treatment time
The too long insulating film that will lead between powder particle (more than 3h) is ablated, directly contacts between powder particle, so that vortex increases
Greatly, eddy-current loss rises, and is declined so as to cause quality factor.Since nanocrystalline material is in thin ribbon shaped, material is more crisp, easy to break
It is disconnected, it is therefore desirable to curing process be carried out to the green body after heat treatment, make it have good tensile strength, while in solidification process
The middle loss reduction because by internal stress effect iron core, magnetic conductivity increase.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the drum's speed of rotation is 250-300r/min, Ball-milling Time 30-40h, ball
Material is than being (10-15): 1.
Raw material sphere of powder time consuming of the present invention is longer, because powder is processed hardening with the increase of Ball-milling Time, brittleness increases
Add and be crushed, so that particle refines；Simultaneously as the increase of new clean surface is conducive to the generation of coldwelding, particle
Layer structure is formed, when soldering and broken tend to balance, the size distribution of particle is stablized in relatively narrow range, favorably
In the formation of nanometer alpha-Fe phase, and then obtain nanometer crystal alloy powder.The size that ratio of grinding media to material is controlled in mechanical milling process is also very heavy
It wants, crosses senior general when ratio of grinding media to material and increase the loss of abrading-ball, and influence the acceleration collision of abrading-ball；And ratio of grinding media to material it is too small when, ball and powder
Collision probability reduces, and grinding efficiency reduces.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the supersonic frequency is 20-30Hz.In insulating wrapped, the glue of formation is mixed
Conjunction object viscosity is larger, and mobility is bad, applies the ultrasonic wave of 20-30Hz, can promote the flowing of jelly, closes itself and magnetism
Bronze end comes into full contact with, and forms insulating film on more powder surfaces, improves insulating wrapped effect.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the pressing pressure is 3-4.5GPa.
The size of pressing pressure will have a direct impact on green density, and pressing pressure is bigger, particles filled more abundant, green compact
Gap it is fewer, consistency is higher, nanometer crystal alloy powder proportion increase, the magnetic conductivity of gained magnetism green body is bigger, magnetic
Induction is also bigger.If pressing pressure is less than 2.8GPa in the present invention, Magnaglo packed density is smaller, α-Fe phase crystal grain
Between be restricted by the exchange-coupling interaction at interface, the coercivity of gained green body is higher, but pressing pressure increases to centainly
Degree (more than 4.6GPa) can generate a large amount of dislocation defects and biggish internal stress in nanocrystal, so that domain wall drift hinders
Power increases, and the rotation of magnetic domain becomes difficult, and also results in coercivity increase, while to take place plasticity shear-deformable for particle, produces
Raw processing hardening, partial insulative layer are destroyed, and magnetive cord loss increases.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the protective atmosphere is the gaseous mixture of hydrogen and argon gas.The two is used in mixed way can
It to restore the micro iron being oxidized, prevents magnetic material from aoxidizing once again, while each atom in magnetic alloy component can also be promoted
Migration, ultimately form and be evenly distributed, the stable core material of chemical property.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy
Resin 60-70%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide 5-10%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.1-0.5%, silica 20-
30%.
Epoxy resin is because its lower solidification internal stress and good mobility by the present invention are used as curing agent, but it is in room temperature
Lower viscosity is larger, is not sufficiently stable again under high temperature, and it is limited that solidification effect is used alone, and N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide contain tertiary amine
Group, can catalyzed epoxies open loop form the insoluble not cladding polymer of stable tridimensional network, which has good
Good viscosity and solidification stability；Meanwhile N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide are the small molecule compound with epoxy group again, it can be right
Curing emulsion plays the role of reactive diluent, and open loop produces submissive polyether chain, plays good toughening to curing emulsion
Effect；The present invention is also added to suitable silica in curing emulsion, and silica has large specific surface area and Gao Biao
Face energy, acts synergistically with alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, reduces the solidification internal stress of curing emulsion, promote N, N- diethylamino epoxy third
The polymer with tridimensional network that alkane catalyzed epoxies are formed fully is adsorbed in solidfied material surface, strengthens solidification effect
Fruit improves adhesive strength.But (more than 30%) when silica additive amount is excessive, suction-operated to each other enhances, even
Agglomeration occurs, the viscosity of entire curing emulsion system is made to become larger, wellability is deteriorated, and then reduces the comprehensive of curing emulsion
Can, influence solidification effect.
In above-mentioned high-performance electromagnet, the curing time is 0.5-1.5h, and solidification temperature is 100-150 DEG C.
When curing time is shorter in the present invention, curing agent cannot be fully cured, and core interior viscous is answered there are biggish
Power leads to magnetic property variation abnormality；And curing time it is longer when, curing agent occur in hardening phenomenon, be also easy to produce local contraction and answer
Power, it is same to influence iron core performance.Solidification temperature will affect the comprehensive performance of curing agent, when solidification temperature is lower, curing agent stream
Dynamic property is poor, is unfavorable for curing agent and is impregnated with magnetive cord, and with the raising of solidification temperature, solidification internal stress is gradually increased, when reaching
When certain temperature value, the magnetic conductivity of magnetive cord sharply declines, and loss steeply rises.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
The formula of the invention is reasonable, and cladding process is simple, effectively reduces the introducing of impurity in mixed process, prevents powder quilt
Oxidation, and agents useful for same safety and environmental protection is coated, compatibility is reasonable, and ultrasonic agitation makes to form relatively thin insulation between more powder particles
Film improves insulating wrapped effect, considerably reduces generated eddy-current loss and compression moulding between metal powder granulates
Knockout press in journey.By the solidification of preferred consolidation lotion, nano-crystalline magnetic iron core internal stress is reduced, and magnetic conductivity increases, tension
Intensity increases, and cutting performance is excellent.
Specific embodiment
The following is specific embodiments of the present invention, and illustrates that technical scheme of the present invention will be further described, but this
Invention is not limited to these examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al3B12Ge4.5Ingredient is weighed, being mixed and being uniformly put into revolving speed is 270r/min
Ball milling 35h in ball mill obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 12:1；
Into nanometer crystal alloy powder, it is molten to account for 6.5% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 2% silicon for addition
Glue, 17.5% alcohol, 6.5% deionized water, 0.01% nitric acid, 1.8% stearic amide, in 25Hz ultrasound condition
Lower stirring 15min, dries, is ground up, sieved, and is then pressed into green body under 4GPa pressure；
By green body under hydrogen and argon gas mixed atmosphere, 600 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 25 DEG C/min and is annealed
Heat treatment keeps the temperature furnace cooling after 2h；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 125 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 1h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Middle curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 67%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
7.5%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.3%, silica 25.2%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al2B12Ge5.5Ingredient is weighed, being mixed and being uniformly put into revolving speed is 260r/min
Ball milling 32h in ball mill obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 11:1；
Into nanometer crystal alloy powder, it is molten to account for 6% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 1.5% silicon for addition
Glue, 16% alcohol, 6% deionized water, 0.008% nitric acid, 1% stearic amide stir under 23Hz ultrasound condition
13min is mixed, dries, be ground up, sieved, is then pressed into green body under 3.2GPa pressure；
By green body under hydrogen and argon gas mixed atmosphere, 550 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 23 DEG C/min and is annealed
Heat treatment keeps the temperature furnace cooling after 1.5h；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 120 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 0.6h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Wherein curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 67%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
6%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.2%, silica 26.8%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al4B12Ge3.5(mass percent) weighs ingredient, is mixed uniform be put into and turns
Speed is ball milling 36h in 280r/min ball mill, obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 13:1；
Into nanometer crystal alloy powder, it is molten to account for 7% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 2.2% silicon for addition
Glue, 17% alcohol, 6% deionized water, 0.014% nitric acid, 1.5% stearic amide, under 26Hz ultrasound condition
16min is stirred, dries, be ground up, sieved, be then pressed into green body under 3.6GPa pressure；
Under an argon by green body, 620 DEG C of progress annealing heat-treatments are warming up to the heating rate of 26 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 2h
Furnace cooling afterwards；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 130 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 0.8h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Wherein curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 68.2%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
9%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.3%, silica 22.5%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al0.5B12Ge7Ingredient is weighed, being mixed and being uniformly put into revolving speed is 250r/min
Ball milling 30h in ball mill obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1；
Into nanometer crystal alloy powder, it is molten to account for 5% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 1% silicon for addition
Glue, 15% alcohol, 5% deionized water, 0.005% nitric acid, 0.5% stearic amide, under 20Hz ultrasound condition
10min is stirred, dries, be ground up, sieved, be then pressed into green body under 3GPa pressure；
Under a hydrogen atmosphere by green body, 500 DEG C of progress annealing heat-treatments are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 1h
Furnace cooling afterwards；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 100 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 0.5h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Wherein curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 61.4%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
10%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.1%, silica 28.5%.
Embodiment 5
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al6B12Ge1.5(mass percent) weighs ingredient, is mixed uniform be put into and turns
Speed is ball milling 38h in 290r/min ball mill, obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 14:1；
It is added into nanometer crystal alloy powder and accounts for 7.5% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 2.8% silicon
Colloidal sol, 19% alcohol, 7% deionized water, 0.018% nitric acid, 2.5% stearic amide, in 28Hz ultrasound condition
Lower stirring 18min, dries, is ground up, sieved, and is then pressed into green body under 4.2GPa pressure；
By green body under hydrogen and argon gas mixed atmosphere, 650 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 28 DEG C/min and is annealed
Heat treatment keeps the temperature furnace cooling after 2.5h；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 140 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 1.2h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Wherein curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 69%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
8.6%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.4%, silica 22%.
Embodiment 6
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al7.5B12Ge0(mass percent) weighs ingredient, is mixed uniform be put into and turns
Speed is ball milling 40h in 300r/min ball mill, obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 15:1；
Into nanometer crystal alloy powder, it is molten to account for 8% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 3% silicon for addition
Glue, 20% alcohol, 8% deionized water, 0.02% nitric acid, 3% stearic amide stir under 30Hz ultrasound condition
20min is dried, is ground up, sieved, and is then pressed into green body under 4.5GPa pressure；
Under a hydrogen atmosphere by green body, 700 DEG C of progress annealing heat-treatments are warming up to the heating rate of 30 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 3h
Furnace cooling afterwards；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 150 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 1.5h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Wherein curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 70%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
9.5%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.5%, silica 20%.
Embodiment 7
A kind of high-performance electromagnet, the electromagnet are made of coil and magnetive cord, and the magnetive cord is by such as
Lower section method is made:
Fe is formed by raw material78Nb1.5Cu1Al0B12Ge7.5(mass percent) weighs ingredient, is mixed uniform be put into and turns
Speed is ball milling 35h in 260r/min ball mill, obtains nanometer crystal alloy powder, and wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 13:1；
Into nanometer crystal alloy powder, it is molten to account for 6% ethyl orthosilicate of nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount, 1.5% silicon for addition
Glue, 16% alcohol, 5.5% deionized water, 0.01% nitric acid, 2.6% stearic amide, under 30Hz ultrasound condition
20min is stirred, dries, be ground up, sieved, be then pressed into green body under 3.5GPa pressure；
Under a hydrogen atmosphere by green body, 630 DEG C of progress annealing heat-treatments are warming up to the heating rate of 24 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 2h
Furnace cooling afterwards；
Green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in 120 DEG C of curing emulsion and solidifies 1.5h, obtains magnetive cord finished product,
Wherein curing emulsion is grouped as by following group by mass percentage: epoxy resin 66%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide
7.5%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0.2%, silica 26.3%.
Comparative example 1
The difference of this comparative example and embodiment 7 is only that, by applying tensile stress vacuum annealing system to iron-based amorphous thin ribbon
It obtains nano-crystalline thin ribbon and carries out broken acquisition nanocrystalline metal powder to it.
Comparative example 2
The difference of this comparative example and embodiment 7 is only that, does not carry out insulating wrapped processing to nano-crystal magnetic alloy powder,
I.e. unused ethyl orthosilicate, silica solution, alcohol, deionized water, nitric acid, stearic amide.
Comparative example 3
The difference of comparative example and embodiment 7 is only that, only carries out insulating wrapped processing with silica solution.
Comparative example 4
The difference of this comparative example and embodiment 7 is only that, does not carry out curing process to nanocrystalline magnet core.
Comparative example 5
The difference of this comparative example and embodiment 7 is only that curing emulsion is epoxy resin one-component.
Comparative example 6
Common commercially available Fe-based amorphous magnetic core in the prior art.
The result that nano-crystalline magnetic iron core described in embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-6 is tested for the property such as 1 institute of table
Show.
Table 1: nano-crystalline magnetic iron core the performance test results in embodiment 1-7 and comparative example 1-6
In summary factor, the formula of the invention is reasonable, and ball milling obtains even crystalline substance Magnaglo, passes through preferred reagent pair
Powder carries out ultrasonic insulating wrapped, then is solidified with preferred curing emulsion to green body, it is final obtain Saturation magnetic sense intensity and
Magnetic conductivity is higher, coercivity and core loss value and magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the lesser magnetive cord of magnetostriction, with the Armco magnetic iron
The electromagnet of core preparation has good comprehensive performance.
This place embodiment is not exhaustive claimed midpoint of technical range and in embodiment technology
In scheme to single or multiple technical characteristics it is same replacement be formed by new technical solution, equally all the present invention claims
In the range of protection, and between the parameter that is related to of the present invention program if not otherwise specified, then there is no can not between each other
The unique combinations of replacement.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of high-performance electromagnet, which is characterized in that the electromagnet is made of coil and magnetive cord, the Armco magnetic iron
The raw material group of core becomes Fe78Nb1.5Cu1AlxB12Ge7.5-x, matches by mass percentage, wherein 1≤x≤5；
The magnetive cord is made by the following method:
S1, ingredient is weighed by magnetive cord raw material components, is mixed uniform be put into ball mill and carries out ball milling, obtains nanocrystalline conjunction
Bronze end；
S2, the silicon that the ethyl orthosilicate, 1-3% that account for nanometer crystal alloy powder total amount 5-8% are added into nanometer crystal alloy powder
Colloidal sol, the alcohol of 15-20%, the deionized water of 5-8%, the nitric acid of 0 .005-0 .02%, 0 .5-3% stearic amide,
It is stirred by ultrasonic, dries, is ground up, sieved；
S3, green body will be pressed by the nanometer crystal alloy powder of step S2 processing；
S4, by green body under protective atmosphere, be warming up at the 500-700 DEG C of heat that anneal with the heating rate of 20-30 DEG C/min
Reason keeps the temperature furnace cooling after 1-3h；
S5, the green body Jing Guo annealing heat-treatment is impregnated in curing emulsion solidifies, obtain magnetive cord finished product.
2. high-performance electromagnet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the drum's speed of rotation is 250-300r/
Min, Ball-milling Time 30-40h, ratio of grinding media to material are (10-15): 1.
3. high-performance electromagnet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressing pressure is 3-4 .5GPa.
4. high-performance electromagnet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the curing emulsion by pressing quality hundred below
The group than meter is divided to be grouped as: epoxy resin 60-70%, N, N- diethylamino propylene oxide 5-10%, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether 0
.1-0 .5%, silica 20-30%.
5. high-performance electromagnet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the curing time is 0 .5-1 .5h, Gu
Changing temperature is 100-150 DEG C.
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