CN108508433A - Passive detection system rapid time-frequency synchronization method based on template matching - Google Patents
Passive detection system rapid time-frequency synchronization method based on template matching Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/003—Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/7183—Synchronisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of radars, in particular to a rapid time-frequency synchronization method of a passive detection system based on template matching and oriented to a non-cooperative radar radiation source. The method comprises the following specific steps: preliminarily estimating the pulse arrival time, the pulse ending time and the pulse width of the direct wave signal, matching with an accurate pulse width template, and obtaining an accurate value of the pulse width; accurately detecting the bandwidth, preliminarily estimating the carrier frequency, and matching with an accurate carrier frequency template to obtain an accurate value of the carrier frequency; and the pulse arrival time is accurately calculated by using accurate pulse width, carrier frequency and bandwidth parameters, so that the synchronization of the time and the frequency of the passive system is realized. The invention can quickly and accurately perform time-frequency synchronization on the direct wave from the non-cooperative radar radiation source, fully utilizes the parameter characteristics of the direct wave and the information provided by the template library, and has strong pertinence to the non-cooperative radar radiation source with a specific model, so the calculation amount is small, the precision is high, the real-time processing requirement of a hardware platform is met, and the method is suitable for engineering realization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Radar Technology field more particularly to it is a kind of towards non-cooperation Radar emitter based on template matches
The quick time-frequency synchronization method of Passive Detention System.
Background technology
Under modern battlefield environment, the efficiency and survival ability of radar face increasingly acid test, especially by hidden
The threat of body target, antiradiation missile, low-level penetration and electronic interferences etc..Using non-cooperation radar as the passive of external sort algorithm
Detection system can receive the radiation signal of the huge non-cooperation radar of cost using more cheap receiver, be realized pair with this
The positioning and tracking of target.Compared with monostatic radar, have as the Passive Detention System of external sort algorithm using non-cooperation radar
Construction cost is low, the advantages that enemy's interference attack and cloth station can be prevented flexible.
One of sixty-four dollar question is system synchronization problem, including time synchronization and Frequency Synchronization in bistatic radar, by
It is split in bistatic radar cell site and receiving station, in order to obtain accurate target information, receiver necessary and spoke in design
Penetrate all match parameters of source transmitting signal.For cooperative Passive Detention System, due to radiation source parameter it is known that therefore may be used
Time and the Frequency Synchronization of detection system are realized with the synchronised clock for using stability high.And for non-cooperation passive detection system
System, in order to be positioned and be tracked to target, Passive Detention System needs the direct-path signal by receiver/transmitter to extract
Its parameter, realizes the time synchronization and Frequency Synchronization of system with this, but direct wave unknown parameters, needs to carry out direct wave ginseng
Number estimation could realize that system time frequency synchronizes, and the factors such as the easy interfered signal of extraction of through wave parameter, multipath influence, because
This, it is relatively difficult accurately to realize that system time frequency synchronizes.Meanwhile if non-cooperation radiation source working mode change frequently and send out
It is irregular to penetrate signal, then Passive Detention System must carry out system synchronization in real time, and cannot as cooperative Passive Detention System that
Sample is synchronized using its working law.Therefore, non-cooperation Passive Detention System is made due to the mechanism of its " non-cooperation "
Passive Detention System faces new problem in Time and Frequency Synchronization technical aspect.
In recent years, have some research accumulation about bistatic radar synchronous method.Method for synchronizing time mainly has directly
Synchronos method, indirect synchronization method and free-standing Synchronos method, wherein direct Synchronos method and indirect synchronization method are mainly used for cooperative radar：
Direct Synchronos method refers to that synchronizing signal is passed over triggering generation, number by the trigger signal of receiver by transmitter through number biography channel
Passing channel has satellite communication, microwave relay etc., direct Synchronos method precision to depend on the error that digital transmission communication channel introduces；It is indirectly same
Footwork refers to setting a high clock of identical stability in cell site and receiving station, is calibrated come the deadline by clock, real
Existing time synchronization carries out time service usually using GPS geo-location system；Free-standing Synchronos method refers to that receiver directly utilizes non-conjunction
The radiation source of work synchronizes, it is necessary to receive radiation source direct wave with an accessory channel come extraction time synchronizing information, it is complete
At time synchronization.Document 1：Wang W Q,Ding C B,Liang X C.Time and phase synchronization
via direct-path signal for bistatic SAR image formation.European Conference
On Synthetic Aperture Radar (EUSAR), Dresden, Germany, 2006, CDROM describe a kind of direct wave
The method of parameter Estimation estimates time synchronization error using correlation of the adjacent through wave impulse on delay time, but right
Error does not carry out Accurate Analysis, also has certain distance, document 2 away from functionization：Espeter T,Walterscheid I,
Klare J,et al.Synchronization techniques for the bistatic spaceborne/airborne
SAR experiment with TerraSAR-X and PAMIR.International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium(IGARSS),Barcelona,Spain,2007:2160-2163 is proposed, when system receives first
Data acquisition is proceeded by after a direct wave, while independently generating pulse signal, but this article does not analyze cell site and reception
The pulse stood repeats how repetition rate is inconsistent solves.
Frequency synchronization method mainly has direct Synchronos method, indirect synchronization method and free-standing Synchronos method：Direct Synchronos method refers to
Synchronization is realized using special communication link, is divided into two methods, and first method refers to that the local oscillation signal of radiation source is straight
Sending and receiving are sent to receiver, and receiver realizes Frequency Synchronization by phaselocked loop；Second method refers to that radiation source and receiver are same
When to other side's transmission frequency benchmark, then demodulate simultaneously, the synchronization between frequency realized with this.Indirect synchronization method refers to relying on frequency
The high stability and high accuracy in source realizes synchronization, needs just to can be used after transmitting-receiving local oscillator is calibrated thus.Stand alone type
Synchronos method refers to realizing Frequency Synchronization, document 3 by direct wave：Zhang Yongsheng, the agriculture of beam pasture, Dong Zhen Improvement in Spaceborne Parasitic SAR System
Frequency Synchronization analyzes National University of Defense technology journal, 2006,28 (2):In 85-87, article is research pair with spaceborne bistatic SAR
As, it is to realize Frequency Synchronization, core concept by individual reception direct-path signal, after the matched filtering of direct-path signal,
The linear components of phase include frequency synchronization error and direct wave Doppler center two parts, remove Doppler center part to obtain the final product
To frequency synchronization error.Document 4：Baumgartner S V,Rodriguez-Cassola M,Nottensteiner
A.Bistaic experiment using TerraSAR-X and DLR’s new F-SAR system.European
Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar(EUSAR),Friedrichshafen,Germany,2008:
Experiment in 57-60 is also based on the synchroballistic method of direct wave, but does not introduce relevant technical detail.
In conclusion in terms of system synchronization, has many documents and obtain achievement in research, but due to the research of these documents
Object is not based on the Passive Detention System of non-cooperation Radar emitter, is brought to simultaneous techniques in view of " non-cooperation " mechanism new
Problem, therefore, it is necessary to being studied by the Passive Detention System simultaneous techniques of radiation source of non-cooperation radar, while in order to
Algorithm is applied to engineering, it is necessary to find a kind of method that can quick and precisely synchronize time and frequency parameter.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that providing one kind quick and precisely analyzing non-cooperation Radar emitter direct wave
The method of parameter, mainly for direct-path signal be linear frequency modulation (Linear Frequency Modulation, LFM) believe
Number, calculative parameter has pulse arrival time, pulsewidth, carrier frequency and bandwidth.According to the ginseng of accurate time being calculated
Number and frequency parameter realize the Time and Frequency Synchronization of system real time, to improve the precision of follow-up radar signal and data processing.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of quick time-frequencies of the Passive Detention System based on template matches
Synchronous method mainly comprises the steps of：
S1. by the direct-path signal of outfield experiments long-term monitoring early period and the non-cooperation Radar emitter of analysis, letter is utilized
Number Intelligence Technology and statistical method determine the signal parameter of selected non-cooperation Radar emitter, including pulsewidth, bandwidth and carrier frequency,
Establish signal parameter template library：Pulsewidth template library, bandwidth template library and carrier frequency template library；
S2. segmentation autocorrelation method pulse arrival time, arteries and veins according to a preliminary estimate are used to the pending direct-path signal of acquisition
Rush end time and pulsewidth；
S3. pulsewidth S2 obtained according to a preliminary estimate and accurate pulsewidth template matches in pulsewidth template library, obtain pulsewidth
Exact value, and using pulsewidth evaluated error to according to a preliminary estimate pulse arrival time and the end time compensate；
S4. bandwidth template library is utilized, to the accurate detection bandwidth of method of the pending direct-path signal solution line tune of acquisition
And carrier frequency according to a preliminary estimate；
S5. carrier frequency S4 obtained according to a preliminary estimate and accurate carrier frequency template matches in carrier frequency template library, obtain carrier frequency
Exact value；
S6. it using the accurate pulsewidth of S3, S4 and S5 acquisition, carrier frequency, bandwidth parameter, is accurately counted with the method for matched filtering
Calculate pulse arrival time, deadline synchronization and Frequency Synchronization.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
(1) present invention makes full use of a large amount of measured datas of outfield experiments early period collection and is prepared into corresponding time and frequency parameter
Template has very strong specific aim for the non-cooperation Radar emitter of concrete model, improves efficiency.
(2) a set of Time and Frequency Synchronization flow based on template matches is devised, the parameter for taking full advantage of direct wave itself is special
Property and template library provide information, improve the precision of Time and Frequency Synchronization.
(3) time-frequency synchronization method calculation amount proposed by the invention is small, precision is high, and Practical Project is suitble to realize.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the brief flow diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the direct-path signal waveform in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be the present invention a specific embodiment in solution line tune after signal frequency spectrum：
(a) become the frequency spectrum of simple signal after solution line tune；
(b) it is still the frequency spectrum of linear FM signal after solution line tune.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further elaborated with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
The brief flow diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, after the direct-path signal for receiving non-cooperation Radar emitter,
First by being segmented the autocorrelation method pulse arrival time of direct-path signal, pulses ending time and pulsewidth according to a preliminary estimate, then
With accurate pulsewidth template matches, the exact value of pulsewidth is obtained.Then it utilizes bandwidth template and uses the method for solution line tune accurate
Detection bandwidth and according to a preliminary estimate carrier frequency, then with accurate carrier frequency template matches, obtain the exact value of carrier frequency.It finally utilizes accurate
Pulsewidth, carrier frequency, bandwidth parameter accurately calculate pulse arrival time with the method for matched filtering, to realize the passive system time
It is synchronous with frequency.It is the specific steps of method provided by the invention below.
S1. by the direct-path signal of outfield experiments long-term monitoring early period and the non-cooperation Radar emitter of analysis, letter is utilized
Number Intelligence Technology and statistical method determine the signal parameter of selected non-cooperation Radar emitter：Pulsewidth, bandwidth and carrier frequency, according to
These three relatively-stationary parameters of pulsewidth, bandwidth and carrier frequency, establish signal parameter template library：Pulsewidth template libraryBandwidth template library { B(j)| j=1,2 ..., LB, carrier frequency template library { f(k)| k=1,2 ..., Lf,
WhereinB(j)、f(k)For specific pulsewidth template, bandwidth template and carrier frequency template in signal parameter template library,LB、LfPoint
It Wei not pulsewidth, the number of parameters of bandwidth and carrier frequency.
S2. segmentation autocorrelation method pulse arrival time, arteries and veins according to a preliminary estimate are used to the pending direct-path signal of acquisition
End time and pulsewidth are rushed, is as follows：
S2.1. it is the sequence of N using first point of pending direct-path signal as starting point intercepted length, is denoted as x (1), with letter
Number second point is the sequence that starting point intercepted length is N, is denoted as x (2), and so on.N ＜ ＜ n, n are in a frequency modulation period
Pending direct-path signal sequence length；
S2.2. segmentation auto-correlation function calculation formula is utilizedCalculate the segmentation of x (1) certainly
Correlation function R (1), and use recurrence formula
The segmentation auto-correlation function of sequence after calculating, it can be seen that each R (i) is calculated using recurrence method and only needs primary plural number
Multiplication and a complex addition, calculation amount will greatly reduce compared to directly calculating, and hardware is suitble to handle in real time；
S2.3. detection threshold V is determinedT, using double threshold method, that is, think only continue to exceed thresholding p times, just think have
Echo signal similarly only continuously just thinks that signal terminates less than thresholding q times, the parameter value of wherein p and q by signal noise
Than determining.If continuous p R (i)<VTAnd system is in the state for not detecting pulse, then returns to S2.2；If continuous p
A R (i)>VT, then it is transferred to S2.4；
S2.4. current corresponding time T is recordedstart, the as estimated value of pulse arrival time；
S2.5. if continuous q R (i)<VT, then show that pulse has terminated, record current corresponding time Tend, according to a preliminary estimate
Pwm value is
One section of pending direct-path signal waveform that receiver acquires in real time is as shown in Figure 2, it can be seen that direct-path signal
In have two sections of pulses, the pulsewidth and amplitude of two sections of pulses are all different.For the direct-path signal in Fig. 2, using above-mentioned steps
Parameter Estimation is carried out, the parameter estimation result such as following table of two sections of pulses is obtained：
| Pulse arrival time estimated value (ms) | Pulsewidth estimated value (ms) | |
| First segment pulse | 109.8435 | 5.9981 |
| Second segment pulse | 133.4323 | 1.9942 |
S3. pulsewidth S2 obtained according to a preliminary estimate and accurate pulsewidth template matches in pulsewidth template library, obtain pulsewidth
Exact value, and using pulsewidth evaluated error to according to a preliminary estimate pulse arrival time and the end time compensate.
In pulse arrival time T according to a preliminary estimatestartAnd pulsewidthAfterwards, by with accurate pulsewidth template matches, will be preliminary
Estimate pwm valueWith pulsewidth template libraryCompare, choose pulsewidth template library inImmediate arteries and veins
Wide parameter τ0, then τ0The as accurate pwm value of pulse.It is to obtain pulsewidth evaluated errorTo pulse arrival time
It compensates, has with the end time
For the direct-path signal in S2, by using template matching method can obtain two sections of pulses accurate pulsewidth,
Arrival time after pulse evaluated error and compensation and end time such as following table：
S4. bandwidth template library is utilized, to the accurate detection bandwidth of method of the pending direct-path signal solution line tune of acquisition
And carrier frequency according to a preliminary estimate, it is as follows：
S4.1. the accurate pulsewidth τ obtained using S30With the pulse arrival time after compensationWith the end timeInterception
Section isSignal s, s altogether include M point, thenWherein TsFor the sampling period of signal；
S4.2. bandwidth parameter template library is { B(j)| j=1,2 ..., LB, then the possible chirp rate of signal is ...,Reference signal is constructed respectively using different chirp rates:
...
S4.3. s is multiplied from different reference signals respectively, obtains signal after solution line tuneThen right
The FFT operations of points are fixed in signal after solution line tune, obtain the frequency spectrum of signal after solution line tune
S4.4. the peak value of signal spectrum after more different solution line tune is measured, Fig. 3 is to be solved using different reference signals
Line tune treated frequency spectrum compares to obtain the corresponding chirp rate of frequency spectrum for possessing peak-peak to be kmax, and then obtain signal bandwidth
Exact value be B0=kmax·τ0, while the frequency location in the frequency spectrum corresponding to peak value is the carrier frequency according to a preliminary estimate of signal
For the direct-path signal in S2, the method that solution line tune is respectively adopted to two sections of pulses calculates corresponding bandwidth B0With
Carrier frequency according to a preliminary estimateAs a result such as following table.
S5. carrier frequency S4 obtained according to a preliminary estimate and accurate carrier frequency template matches in carrier frequency template library, obtain carrier frequency
Exact value.
Bandwidth B is being accurately calculated using the method for solution line tune by S40, carrier frequency according to a preliminary estimateAfterwards, by load according to a preliminary estimate
Frequency and accurate carrier frequency template { f(k)| k=1,2 ..., LfCompare, choose carrier frequency template library inImmediate carrier frequency
Parameter f0, then f0The as precision carrier frequency value of pulse signal.
For the direct-path signal in S2, using template matching method, the essence of first segment pulse in direct-path signal is obtained
True carrier frequency is 516.5MHz, and the precision carrier frequency of second segment pulse is 521.375MHz.
S6. it using the accurate pulsewidth of S3, S4 and S5 acquisition, carrier frequency, bandwidth parameter, is accurately counted with the method for matched filtering
Calculate pulse arrival time, deadline synchronization and Frequency Synchronization.
Due to having been obtained for the pulsewidth τ of signal by S3, S4 and S50, carrier frequency f0And bandwidth B0, build reference signal：
Choosing section isA segment signal sj, wherein FsFor sample frequency, will refer to
Signal srWith sjMatched filtering obtains accurate pulse arrival time TOA.
For two sections of pulses in the direct-path signal in S2, time parameter and frequency parameter meter are carried out using above step
It calculates, finally obtained time and frequency parameter such as following table：
| Arrival time TOA (ms) | Pulsewidth τ0(ms) | Carrier frequency f0(MHz) | Bandwidth B0(MHz) | |
| First segment pulse | 109.6342 | 6 | 516.5 | 1.25 |
| Second segment pulse | 133.9644 | 2 | 521.375 | 0.25 |
By embodiments above it can be seen that, it is fast by using the Passive Detention System based on template matches in the present invention
Fast time-frequency synchronization method can carry out fast and accurately Time and Frequency Synchronization to the direct wave from non-cooperation Radar emitter, due to
The information that this method takes full advantage of the parameter characteristic of direct wave itself and template library provides, and for the non-conjunction of concrete model
Making Radar emitter has very strong specific aim, therefore calculation amount is small, and precision is high, meets the real time handling requirement of hardware platform,
It is suitble to engineering to realize.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of quick time-frequency synchronization method of Passive Detention System based on template matches, which is characterized in that this method is mainly wrapped
Containing following steps：
S1. it by the direct-path signal of outfield experiments long-term monitoring early period and the non-cooperation Radar emitter of analysis, is detectd using signal
Technology and statistical method are examined, the signal parameter of selected non-cooperation Radar emitter, including pulsewidth, bandwidth and carrier frequency is determined, establishes
Signal parameter template library：Pulsewidth template library, bandwidth template library and carrier frequency template library；
S2. segmentation autocorrelation method pulse arrival time, pulse knot according to a preliminary estimate are used to the pending direct-path signal of acquisition
Beam time and pulsewidth；
S3. pulsewidth S2 obtained according to a preliminary estimate and accurate pulsewidth template matches in pulsewidth template library, obtain the accurate of pulsewidth
Value, and using pulsewidth evaluated error to according to a preliminary estimate pulse arrival time and the end time compensate；
S4. bandwidth template library is utilized, the accurate detection bandwidth of method to the pending direct-path signal solution line tune of acquisition is simultaneously first
Step estimation carrier frequency；
S5. carrier frequency S4 obtained according to a preliminary estimate and accurate carrier frequency template matches in carrier frequency template library, obtain the accurate of carrier frequency
Value；
S6. using the accurate pulsewidth of S3, S4 and S5 acquisition, carrier frequency, bandwidth parameter, arteries and veins is accurately calculated with the method for matched filtering
It rushes arrival time, deadline synchronization and Frequency Synchronization.
2. the Passive Detention System time-frequency fast synchronization method based on template matches according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The process that autocorrelation method processing is segmented in step S2 is as follows：
S2.1. it is the sequence of N using first point of pending direct-path signal as starting point intercepted length, is denoted as x (1), with signal
Two points are the sequence that starting point intercepted length is N, are denoted as x (2), and so on；N ＜ ＜ n, n are to wait locating in a frequency modulation period
Manage direct-path signal sequence length；
S2.2. segmentation auto-correlation function calculation formula is utilizedThe segmentation of x (1) is calculated from phase
Function R (1) is closed, and uses recurrence formula
The segmentation auto-correlation function of sequence after calculating；
S2.3. detection threshold V is determinedT, using double threshold method, that is, think only continue to exceed thresholding p times, just think there is target
Signal is similarly only continuously less than thresholding q times, just thinks that signal terminates, the parameter value of wherein p and q are determined by the signal-to-noise ratio of signal
It is fixed；If continuous p R (i)<VTAnd system is in the state for not detecting pulse, then returns to S2.2；If continuous p R
(i)>VT, then it is transferred to S2.4；
S2.4. current corresponding time T is recordedstart, the as estimated value of pulse arrival time；
S2.5. if continuous q R (i)<VT, then show that pulse has terminated, record current corresponding time Tend, pulsewidth according to a preliminary estimate
Value is
3. object detection method under the Low SNR based on probability statistics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
Solution line tune method is as follows in rapid S4：
S4.1. the accurate pulsewidth τ obtained using S30With the pulse arrival time after compensationWith the end timeIntercept section
ForSignal s, s altogether include M point, thenWherein TsFor the sampling period of signal；
S4.2. bandwidth parameter template library is { B(j)| j=1,2 ..., LB, then the possible chirp rate of signal is Reference signal is constructed respectively using different chirp rates：
S4.3. s is multiplied from different reference signals respectively, obtains signal after solution line tuneThen to solving line
The FFT operations of points are fixed in signal after tune, obtain the frequency spectrum of signal after solution line tune
S4.4. the peak value for measuring signal spectrum after more different solution line tune, compare to obtain possess peak-peak frequency spectrum it is corresponding
Chirp rate is kmax, and then the exact value for obtaining signal bandwidth is B0=kmax·τ0, while the frequency in the frequency spectrum corresponding to peak value
Rate position is the carrier frequency according to a preliminary estimate of signal
4. object detection method under the Low SNR based on probability statistics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
The process of matched filtering is as follows in rapid S6：Due to having been obtained for the pulsewidth τ of signal by S3, S4 and S50, carrier frequency f0And bandwidth
B0, build reference signal：
Choosing section isA segment signal sj, wherein FsFor sample frequency, by reference signal sr
With sjMatched filtering obtains accurate pulse arrival time TOA.
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| CN112729293A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-30 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Time synchronization method for satellite time service three-axis flight simulation turntable and measured inertial navigation system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109814072A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-28 | 上海志良电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method for processing radar signals and device based on digital receiver |
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| CN112729293A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-30 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Time synchronization method for satellite time service three-axis flight simulation turntable and measured inertial navigation system |
| CN112729293B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-22 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Time synchronization method for satellite time service three-axis flight simulation turntable and measured inertial navigation system |
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Application publication date: 20180907 |