CN108505977B - Method for exploiting natural gas hydrate by using sleeve type heater - Google Patents
Method for exploiting natural gas hydrate by using sleeve type heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN108505977B CN108505977B CN201810345979.4A CN201810345979A CN108505977B CN 108505977 B CN108505977 B CN 108505977B CN 201810345979 A CN201810345979 A CN 201810345979A CN 108505977 B CN108505977 B CN 108505977B
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 107
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/005—Heater surrounding production tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate by using a sleeve type heater, which belongs to the technical field of natural gas hydrate exploitation. The sleeve type heater can be classified into a sleeve type electric heater and a sleeve type fluid heater according to different arrangement modes of heating elements, wherein the heating elements used by the sleeve type electric heater are metal resistance wires or carbon fiber heating wires, and the heating fluid used by the sleeve type fluid heater is high-temperature gas such as air, nitrogen, natural gas and the like or high-temperature liquid such as seawater. The invention can maintain the stability of the hole wall through the sleeve type heater, and can heat the hydrate reservoir around the well and the shaft of the exploitation section, thereby avoiding the influence of secondary hydrate formed in the shaft around the well or in the shaft of the exploitation section on the exploitation effect in the depressurization exploitation process and realizing the depressurization heating coupled exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas hydrate exploitation, and particularly relates to a method for exploiting natural gas hydrate by using a sleeve type heater.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is a cage-shaped crystal substance generated by natural gas and water under specific temperature and pressure, is like ice and snow, and is commonly called as 'combustible ice' because the cage-shaped crystal substance can be ignited. The natural gas hydrate has the characteristics of large energy density, wide distribution, large reserves, shallow burial and the like, and is considered to be an ideal alternative energy source in the 21 st century. In 2007-2016, the Guangzhou oceanic geological survey bureau carries out 4 field drilling surveys of natural gas hydrate on the north land slope of the south sea, all natural gas hydrate samples are obtained, 88 drilling wells are completed by the 4 surveys, 11 favorable distant areas and 19 mineral zones are defined in the south sea, and the natural gas hydrate resource amount in the sea area of China is preliminarily predicted to be about 800 hundred million tons of oil equivalent.
The production method is characterized in that 5 months and 10 days to 7 months and 9 days in 2017, China successfully realizes safe and controllable exploitation of the muddy silt type natural gas hydrate with resource amount accounting for more than 90 percent of the whole world and the greatest development difficulty by adopting a depressurization method, and the accumulated gas production is 30.9 multiplied by 104m3And a world record of the gas production duration and the total amount is created, and a solid foundation is laid for commercial exploitation of the natural gas hydrate. However, indoor experiments and numerical simulation researches show that secondary hydrates may be formed around a well, in a shaft or at the decomposition front of the hydrates during the depressurization production of the natural gas hydrates, and the formation of the secondary hydrates in the shaft around the well or in a production section can cause the permeability of a reservoir stratum around the well to be reduced or the shaft to be blocked, thereby causing the reduction of the gas production rate and the gas production rate. Particularly for the low-porosity and low-permeability muddy silt type natural gas hydrate reservoir in China, the formation of secondary hydrate has a greater influence on the exploitation effect of the hydrate. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of secondary hydrate formation in the process of hydrate depressurization production, an effective production method for preventing the formation of secondary hydrate around a well or in a shaft is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that secondary hydrate formed in a shaft at the periphery of a well or in a shaft at a mining section in the pressure reduction mining process causes reduction of gas production rate and gas production rate, and provides a method for mining natural gas hydrate by using a sleeve type heater, which prevents the formation of the secondary hydrate by improving the temperature in the shaft at the periphery of the well and in the shaft at the mining section.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for exploiting natural gas hydrates by using a sleeve type heater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, designing a horizontal well arrangement scheme in a natural gas hydrate reservoir by combining regional geological data and natural gas hydrate reservoir sediment characteristics;
drilling and completing the well, namely performing exploitation well drilling by adopting a deepwater drilling platform, putting a sleeve type heater in a section to be exploited of the natural gas hydrate reservoir during well completion, putting a common sleeve in other sections, and installing a wellhead device, wherein the wellhead device is connected with the deepwater drilling platform through a marine riser to fix the well;
thirdly, installing an optical fiber temperature sensor, a submersible pump cable and a sleeve type heater power supply pipeline in a shaft of the production well, wherein one end of the submersible pump cable is connected with the submersible pump, the other end of the submersible pump cable is connected with the deepwater drilling platform, one end of the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline is connected with the sleeve type heater, and the other end of the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline is connected with the deepwater drilling platform;
step four, starting the submersible pump, gradually reducing the pressure in the horizontal well, and performing pressure reduction exploitation;
and step five, when the temperature in the shaft of the exploitation well is continuously reduced or the gas production rate is lower than 10% of a normal value, the sleeve type heater is started, the heating power of the sleeve type heater is adjusted after the temperature or the gas production rate in the shaft is recovered to be normal so that the gas production rate is kept stable, the sleeve type heater can be selectively closed after the gas production rate is kept stable for 1 hour, and the heating power of the sleeve type heater is adjusted in a reciprocating mode or the sleeve type heater is started/closed so that the natural gas hydrate is exploited through depressurization heating coupling.
The sleeve type heater is a sleeve type electric heater or a sleeve type fluid heater.
The first sleeve type electric heater comprises a sleeve pipe body, an electric heating wire system, a sieve pipe and a plug-in type main cable system, wherein the end part of the sleeve pipe body is provided with threads, two adjacent sections of the sleeve pipe body are connected by the threads, an electric heating wire double-spiral groove and a water passing spiral groove are processed on the sleeve pipe body, the groove width of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove is 2-4 mm, the groove pitch is 2-4 mm, and the thread pitch is 30-40 mm; the width of the water passing spiral groove is 1-3 mm, the pitch of the water passing spiral groove is consistent with that of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove, the water passing spiral groove is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove and the axial direction of the sleeve body is 60 degrees, and the water passing spiral groove and the electric heating wire double-spiral groove are arranged at intervals; the electric heating wire system comprises an electric heating wire and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint, wherein the diameter of the electric heating wire is 2-4 mm, the electric heating wire is wound in a double-spiral groove of the electric heating wire in a double-spiral mode, and the electric heating wire penetrates through a through hole in the sleeve body and is connected with the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint; the high-pressure sealing female joint of the electric heating wire is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body; the sieve tube is sleeved on the sleeve pipe body and covers the electric heating wire, and the outer diameter of the sieve tube is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve pipe body so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve pipe type electric heater consistent; the plug-in type main cable system consists of a plug-in type main cable, a cable protection pipe, an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint, a main cable high-pressure sealing female joint and a cable protection pipe fixing frame, wherein the plug-in type main cable is placed in the cable protection pipe; one end of the cable protection pipe is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body through a cable protection pipe fixing frame, and the other end of the cable protection pipe is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body through the plug-in matching of an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint; the main cable high-pressure sealing male joint and the main cable high-pressure sealing female joint are respectively arranged at the end parts of the two ends of the plug-in type main cable, and the main cable high-pressure sealing male joint extends to the outside of the cable protection pipe; and a bearing is arranged between the cable protection tube fixing frame and the cable protection tube.
The process of lowering the sleeve type electric heater is as follows: before two adjacent sections of sleeve-type electric heaters are connected in a threaded manner, a main cable high-pressure sealing male joint of the previous section of sleeve-type electric heater is connected with a main cable high-pressure sealing female joint of the next section of sleeve-type electric heater, then the two sections of sleeve-type electric heaters are connected in a threaded manner, at the moment, an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint of the next section of sleeve-type electric heater are in a disconnected state, and after the two adjacent sections of sleeve-type electric heaters are connected, the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint and the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint of the next section of sleeve-type electric heater are connected together to complete the connection between the sleeve-type electric.
The second sleeve type electric heater comprises sleeve pipe bodies, an electric heating wire system and a sieve pipe, wherein the end parts of the sleeve pipe bodies are provided with threads, two adjacent sections of the sleeve pipe bodies are connected by the threads, an electric heating wire double-spiral groove and a water passing spiral groove are processed on the sleeve pipe bodies, the groove width of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove is 2-4 mm, the groove pitch is 2-4 mm, and the thread pitch is 30-40 mm; the width of the water passing spiral groove is 1-3 mm, the pitch of the water passing spiral groove is consistent with that of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove, the water passing spiral groove is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove and the axial direction of the sleeve body is 60 degrees, and the water passing spiral groove and the electric heating wire double-spiral groove are arranged at intervals; the electric heating wire system comprises an electric heating wire and a high-pressure sealing joint, wherein the diameter of the electric heating wire is 2-4 mm, the electric heating wire is wound in a double-spiral groove of the electric heating wire in a double-spiral mode, and the electric heating wire is connected with a power supply pipeline of the sleeve type heater through the high-pressure sealing joint; the outer diameter of the screen pipe is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve pipe body so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve pipe type electric heater consistent.
The process of lowering the sleeve type electric heater is as follows: the sleeve pipe bodies of two adjacent sections of sleeve pipe type electric heaters are connected through threads, and after the two sections of sleeve pipe bodies are connected through the threads, the power supply pipeline of the sleeve pipe type electric heaters is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve pipe body, so that the sleeve pipe type electric heaters are connected.
The electric heating wire is a metal resistance wire or a carbon fiber heating wire.
The sleeve type fluid heater comprises a sleeve body, a sieve pipe and a high-temperature fluid pipe, wherein the end part of the sleeve body is provided with threads, two adjacent sleeve bodies are connected by adopting the threads, a water passing spiral groove is processed on the sleeve body, the groove width of the water passing spiral groove is 1-3 mm, the thread pitch is 30-40 mm, the water passing spiral groove is obliquely arranged, the included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove and the axial direction of the sleeve body is 60 degrees, and any two adjacent water passing spiral grooves are arranged at equal intervals; the sieve tube is sleeved on the sleeve body, and the outer diameter of the sieve tube is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve body so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve type fluid heater consistent; the high-temperature fluid pipe comprises a fluid inlet pipe and a fluid return pipe, wherein one end of the fluid inlet pipe is provided with a male connector of the fluid inlet pipe, the other end of the fluid return pipe is provided with a female connector of the fluid inlet pipe, one end of the fluid return pipe is provided with a female connector of the fluid return pipe, the other end of the fluid return pipe is provided with a male connector of the fluid return pipe, the inner diameters of the fluid inlet pipe and the fluid return pipe are both 2 cm-4 cm, and the two high-temperature fluid pipes are spirally distributed in the sleeve body and.
The down-casing fluid heater process is as follows: before two adjacent sections of sleeve-type fluid heaters are connected in a threaded manner, a male connector of a fluid inlet pipe of a previous section of sleeve-type fluid heater is connected with a female connector of a fluid inlet pipe of a next section of sleeve-type fluid heater, and a female connector of a fluid return pipe of the previous section of sleeve-type fluid heater is connected with a male connector of a fluid return pipe of the next section of sleeve-type fluid heater; and then performing threaded connection on the sleeve body of the two-section sleeve type fluid heater.
The power supply voltage of the sleeve type electric heater is 1000V-3000V.
Through the design scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the invention can maintain the stability of the hole wall through the sleeve type heater, and can heat the hydrate reservoir around the well and the shaft of the exploitation section, thereby avoiding the influence of secondary hydrate formed in the shaft around the well or in the shaft of the exploitation section on the exploitation effect in the pressure reduction exploitation process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the right, and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the method for extracting natural gas hydrate by using a sleeve type heater according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a sleeve type electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of another sleeve type electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the double pipe fluid heater of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-seawater; 2-an overburden deposit; 3-a natural gas hydrate reservoir; 4-horizontal well; 5-a sleeve heater; 6-deepwater drilling platform; 7-common sleeve; 8-a wellhead device; 9-a riser; 10-a fiber optic temperature sensor; 11-a submersible pump; 12-submersible pump cables; 13-a sleeve heater power supply line; 14-a sleeve body; 15-a screen pipe; 16-double spiral grooves of electric heating wires; 17-water passing spiral groove; 18-an electric heating wire; 19-high-pressure sealing female joint of electric heating wire; 20-a through hole; 21-plug-in main cable; 22-cable protection tube; 23-high-pressure sealing the male connector by using an electric heating wire; 24-main cable high-pressure seal male connector; 25-main cable high-pressure sealing female joint; 26-cable protection tube fixing frame; 27-a bearing; 28-high pressure sealing joint; 30-an inflow tube; 31-return fluid pipe; 32-inlet fluid tube male connector; 33-inlet fluid tube female connection; 34-return fluid pipe female connection; 35-reflux fluid pipe male joint.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Well-known methods and procedures have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for producing natural gas hydrate by using a sleeve type heater according to the present invention includes the following steps:
combining regional geological data and sediment characteristics of a natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, wherein the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3 is positioned below seawater 1 and an overlying sediment layer 2, designing a horizontal well 4 arrangement scheme in the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, and selecting the type of a sleeve type heater 5;
drilling and completing the well, namely drilling the production well by adopting a deepwater drilling platform 6, putting a sleeve type heater 5 in a section to be exploited of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3 during well completion, putting a common sleeve 7 in other sections, and installing a wellhead device 8, wherein the wellhead device 8 is connected with the deepwater drilling platform 6 through a marine riser 9 for well cementation;
thirdly, installing an optical fiber temperature sensor 10, a submersible pump 11, a submersible pump cable 12 and a sleeve type heater power supply pipeline 13 in a shaft of the exploitation well through a marine riser 9 and a wellhead device 8, wherein one end of the submersible pump cable 12 is connected with the submersible pump 11, the other end of the submersible pump cable is connected with the deepwater drilling platform 6, one end of the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline 13 is connected with the sleeve type heater 5, and the other end of the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline is connected with the deepwater drilling platform 6; the installation time of the double pipe heater power supply line 13 depends on the type of the double pipe heater 5, which will be explained in the following embodiments;
step four, starting the deep water submersible pump 11, gradually reducing the pressure in the 4 sections of the horizontal well, and performing pressure reduction exploitation;
step five, when the temperature in the shaft measured by the optical fiber temperature sensor 10 in the shaft is continuously reduced or the gas production rate is obviously reduced, the sleeve type heater 5 is started to heat the shaft system and the reservoir stratum around the shaft, so that secondary hydrates are prevented from being formed in the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum 3 in the shaft and around the shaft; and observing the gas production rate and the temperature change condition in the shaft, adjusting the heating power of the sleeve type heater after the temperature or the gas production rate in the shaft returns to normal to keep the gas production rate stable, and selectively closing the sleeve type heater after the gas production rate is kept stable for 1 hour, so that the heating power of the sleeve type heater is adjusted in a reciprocating manner or the sleeve type heater is opened/closed, and the natural gas hydrate is produced by depressurization heating coupling.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the sleeve type heater 5 in step one can be divided into a sleeve type electric heater and a sleeve type fluid heater, wherein the heating element used by the sleeve type electric heater can be a metal resistance wire or a carbon fiber heating wire, and the heating fluid used by the sleeve type fluid heater can be a high-temperature gas, such as air, nitrogen, natural gas and the like, or a high-temperature liquid, such as seawater.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2, the first sleeve type electric heater includes a sleeve body 14, an electric heating wire system, a sieve tube 15 and a plug-in type main cable system, wherein the end of the sleeve body 14 has a thread, two adjacent sections of the sleeve body 14 are connected with each other by the thread, an electric heating wire double spiral groove 16 and a water passing spiral groove 17 are processed on the sleeve body 14, the groove width of the electric heating wire double spiral groove 16 is 2mm to 4mm, the groove pitch is 2mm to 4mm, and the thread pitch is 30mm to 40 mm; the width of the water passing spiral groove 17 is 1 mm-3 mm, the pitch of the water passing spiral groove 17 is consistent with that of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove 16, the water passing spiral groove 17 is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove 17 and the axial direction of the sleeve body 14 is 60 degrees, and the water passing spiral groove 17 and the electric heating wire double-spiral groove 16 are arranged at intervals; the electric heating wire system comprises an electric heating wire 18 and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint 19, wherein the diameter of the electric heating wire 18 is 2-4 mm, the electric heating wire is wound in a double-spiral groove 16 of the electric heating wire in a double-spiral mode, and the electric heating wire 18 penetrates through a through hole 20 in the sleeve body 14 and is connected with the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint 19; the high-pressure sealing female joint 19 of the electric heating wire is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body 14; the screen pipe 15 is sleeved on the sleeve pipe body 14 and covers the electric heating wire 18, and the outer diameter of the screen pipe 15 is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve pipe body 14 so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve pipe type electric heater consistent; the pore diameter of the sieve pore on the side wall of the sieve tube 15 is designed according to the particle size of the sediments of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3; the plug-in type main cable system is composed of a plug-in type main cable 21, a cable protection pipe 22, an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint 23, a main cable high-pressure sealing male joint 24, a main cable high-pressure sealing female joint 25 and a cable protection pipe fixing frame 26, wherein the plug-in type main cable 21 is placed in the cable protection pipe 22; one end of the cable protection pipe 22 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body 14 through a cable protection pipe fixing frame 26, and the other end of the cable protection pipe 22 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body 14 in a plugging fit manner through an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint 23 and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint 19; the main cable high-pressure sealing male connector 24 and the main cable high-pressure sealing female connector 25 are respectively arranged at the end parts of the two ends of the plug-in type main cable 21, and the main cable high-pressure sealing male connector 24 extends to the outside of the cable protection pipe 22; a bearing 27 is provided between the cable protection tube holder 26 and the cable protection tube 22.
The sleeve heater 5 in this embodiment employs a first sleeve type electric heater:
the process of the lowering sleeve type heater 5 in the specific step two is as follows: before two adjacent sections of sleeve type electric heaters are connected in a threaded manner, a main cable high-pressure sealing male connector 24 of the previous section of sleeve type electric heater is firstly connected with a main cable high-pressure sealing female connector 25 of the next section of sleeve type electric heater, then the sleeve body 14 of the two sections of sleeve type electric heaters are connected in a threaded connection mode, at the moment, the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint 23 and the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint 19 of the latter section of sleeve type electric heater are in a disconnected state, due to the existence of the bearing 27, the cable protection tube 22 and the plug-in type main cable 21 of the latter sleeve type electric heater do not rotate along with the rotation of the sleeve body 14, after the two adjacent sleeve type electric heaters are connected, and connecting the high-pressure sealing male joint 23 of the electric heating wire of the next section of the sleeve type electric heater with the high-pressure sealing female joint 19 of the electric heating wire to complete the connection between the sleeve type electric heaters.
And in the process of mounting the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline 13 in the third step, connecting the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline 13 with the last section of plug-in type main cable 21 through a cable connecting joint.
In the working process of the sleeve type heater 5, the electric heating wires 18 between two adjacent sections of sleeve type heaters are connected in parallel, the power supply voltage is high voltage and is 1000-3000V, and the heating power of each section of sleeve type heater 5 can be integrally adjusted according to the adjusted power supply voltage. And adjusting or opening/closing the heating power according to the gas yield monitored by a wellhead or the temperature in the exploitation well section of the horizontal well 4 monitored by the optical fiber temperature sensor 10 in the well, so as to realize the decompression heating coupling exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, the second sleeve type electric heater includes a sleeve body 14, an electric heating wire system and a sieve tube 15, wherein the end of the sleeve body 14 has a thread, two adjacent sleeve bodies 14 are connected by the thread, an electric heating wire double spiral groove 16 and a water passing spiral groove 17 are processed on the sleeve body 14, the groove width of the electric heating wire double spiral groove 16 is 2 mm-4 mm, the groove pitch is 2 mm-4 mm, and the thread pitch is 30 mm-40 mm; the width of the water passing spiral groove 17 is 1 mm-3 mm, the pitch of the water passing spiral groove 17 is consistent with that of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove 16, the water passing spiral groove 17 is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove 17 and the axial direction of the sleeve body 14 is 60 degrees, and the water passing spiral groove 17 and the electric heating wire double-spiral groove 16 are arranged at intervals; the electric heating wire system comprises an electric heating wire 18 and a high-pressure sealing joint 28, wherein the diameter of the electric heating wire 18 is 2-4 mm, the electric heating wire is wound in a double-spiral groove 16 of the electric heating wire in a double-spiral mode, and the electric heating wire 18 is connected with a power supply pipeline 13 of the sleeve type heater through the high-pressure sealing joint 28; the outer diameter of the screen pipe 15 is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve pipe body 14 so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve pipe type electric heater consistent, and the mesh opening diameter on the side wall of the screen pipe 15 is designed according to the sediment particle size of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3. The telescopic heater power supply line 13 is approximately 5mm in diameter and is connected to the deepwater rig 6 along the outer wall of the casing body 14.
The sleeve type heater 5 in this embodiment adopts a second sleeve type electric heater:
and in the process of lowering the sleeve type heater 5, the sleeve type heater bodies 14 of two adjacent sections of sleeve type electric heaters are connected through threads, and after the two sections of sleeve type heater bodies 14 are connected through the threads, the power supply pipeline 13 of the sleeve type heater is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve type heater body 14, so that the connection between the sleeve type electric heaters is completed. In this embodiment, the telescopic heater power supply line 13 is lowered simultaneously with the casing, the telescopic heater power supply line 13 being located outside the normal casing 7 and the telescopic electric heater.
In the working process of the sleeve type heater 5, the electric heating wires 18 between the sleeve type electric heaters are independent, the power supply voltage of each sleeve type electric heater is high voltage, the voltage is 1000V-3000V, and the heating power of each sleeve type electric heater can be independently adjusted according to the adjusted power supply voltage. According to the gas yield monitored by a wellhead or the temperature monitored by the optical fiber temperature sensor 10 in the well, in the exploitation well section of the horizontal well 4, the heating power of each section of the sleeve type heater 5 is adjusted or turned on/off, and the natural gas hydrate is exploited by depressurization heating coupling.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 4, the sleeve type fluid heater includes a sleeve body 14, a sieve tube 15 and a high temperature fluid line, the end of the sleeve body 14 is provided with a thread, two adjacent sleeve bodies 14 are connected with each other by the thread, a water passing spiral groove 17 is processed on the sleeve body 14, the width of the water passing spiral groove 17 is 1 mm-3 mm, the thread pitch is 30 mm-40 mm, the water passing spiral groove 17 is arranged in an inclined manner, the included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove 17 and the axial direction of the sleeve body 14 is 60 degrees, and any two adjacent water passing spiral grooves 17 are arranged at equal intervals; the screen pipe 15 is sleeved on the casing body 14, and the outer diameter of the screen pipe 15 is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the casing body 14 so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole casing-pipe type fluid heater consistent; the pore diameter of the sieve pore on the side wall of the sieve tube 15 is designed according to the particle size of the sediments of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3; the high-temperature fluid line comprises a fluid inlet pipe 30 and a fluid return pipe 31, wherein one end of the fluid inlet pipe 30 is provided with a fluid inlet pipe male joint 32, the other end of the fluid inlet pipe 30 is provided with a fluid inlet pipe female joint 33, one end of the fluid return pipe 31 is provided with a fluid return pipe female joint 34, the other end of the fluid return pipe 31 is provided with a fluid return pipe male joint 35, the inner diameters of the fluid inlet pipe 30 and the fluid return pipe 31 are both 2 cm-4 cm, and the two high-temperature fluid lines are spirally distributed in the sleeve body 14 and are in contact with the inner wall.
The sleeve type heater 5 in this embodiment employs a sleeve type fluid heater:
in the process of lowering the sleeve type heater 5, before the two adjacent sections of sleeve type fluid heaters are connected in a threaded manner, the male connector 32 of the fluid inlet pipe of the previous section of sleeve type fluid heater is connected with the female connector 33 of the fluid inlet pipe of the next section of sleeve type fluid heater, and the female connector 34 of the fluid return pipe of the previous section of sleeve type fluid heater is connected with the male connector 35 of the fluid return pipe of the next section of sleeve type fluid heater; the sleeve body 14 of the two-section sleeve type fluid heater is then threaded.
In the working process of the sleeve type heater 5 in the fifth step, the high-temperature fluid lines of the sleeve type fluid heater are connected in series, and the heating power of each section of sleeve type fluid heater can be integrally adjusted according to the temperature and the flow of the adjusting thermal fluid. And adjusting or opening/closing the heating power of the sleeve type fluid heater according to the gas yield monitored by a wellhead or the temperature in the exploitation well section of the horizontal well 4 monitored by the optical fiber temperature sensor 10 in the well, so as to realize the decompression heating coupling exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments cannot be exhaustive, and obvious variations and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for exploiting natural gas hydrates by using a sleeve type heater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, designing a horizontal well (4) arrangement scheme in a natural gas hydrate reservoir (3) by combining regional geological data and the sediment characteristics of the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3);
drilling and well completion, namely performing exploitation well drilling by adopting a deepwater drilling platform (6), putting a sleeve type heater (5) in a layer to be exploited of the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3) during well completion, putting a common sleeve (7) in other layers, installing a wellhead device (8), and connecting the wellhead device (8) with the deepwater drilling platform (6) through a marine riser (9) to fix a well;
thirdly, installing an optical fiber temperature sensor (10), a submersible pump (11), a submersible pump cable (12) and a sleeve type heater power supply pipeline (13) in a shaft of the production well, wherein one end of the submersible pump cable (12) is connected with the submersible pump (11), the other end of the submersible pump cable is connected with the deepwater drilling platform (6), one end of the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline (13) is connected with the sleeve type heater (5), and the other end of the sleeve type heater power supply pipeline is connected with the deepwater drilling platform (6);
step four, starting the submersible pump (11), gradually reducing the pressure in the horizontal well (4), and performing pressure reduction exploitation;
step five, when the temperature in the shaft of the exploitation well is continuously reduced or the gas production rate is lower than 10% of a normal value, the sleeve type heater (5) is started, the heating power of the sleeve type heater (5) is adjusted after the temperature in the shaft or the gas production rate is recovered to be normal so that the gas production rate is kept stable, the sleeve type heater (5) can be selected to be closed after the gas production rate is kept stable for 1 hour, the heating power of the sleeve type heater (5) is adjusted in a reciprocating mode or the sleeve type heater (5) is started/closed, and the purpose of coupling and exploiting the natural gas hydrate by;
the sleeve type heater (5) is a sleeve type electric heater or a sleeve type fluid heater;
the sleeve type electric heater comprises sleeve pipe bodies (14), an electric heating wire system, a sieve pipe (15) and a plug-in type main cable system, wherein the end parts of the sleeve pipe bodies (14) are provided with threads, two adjacent sections of the sleeve pipe bodies (14) are connected with each other by the threads, double spiral grooves (16) of the electric heating wire and water passing spiral grooves (17) are processed on the sleeve pipe bodies (14), the groove width of the double spiral grooves (16) of the electric heating wire is 2-4 mm, the groove pitch is 2-4 mm, and the thread pitch is 30-40 mm; the width of the water passing spiral groove (17) is 1-3 mm, the pitch of the water passing spiral groove (17) is consistent with that of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove (16), the water passing spiral groove (17) is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove and the axial direction of the sleeve pipe body (14) is 60 degrees, and the water passing spiral groove (17) and the electric heating wire double-spiral groove (16) are arranged at intervals; the electric heating wire system comprises an electric heating wire (18) and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint (19), wherein the diameter of the electric heating wire (18) is 2-4 mm, the electric heating wire is wound in a double spiral groove (16) of the electric heating wire in a double-spiral mode, and the electric heating wire (18) penetrates through a through hole (20) in the sleeve body (14) and is connected with the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint (19); the high-pressure sealing female joint (19) of the electric heating wire is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body (14); the sieve tube (15) is sleeved on the sleeve pipe body (14) and covers the electric heating wire (18), and the outer diameter of the sieve tube (15) is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve pipe body (14) so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve pipe electric heater consistent; the plug-in type main cable system is composed of a plug-in type main cable (21), a cable protection pipe (22), an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint (23), a main cable high-pressure sealing male joint (24), a main cable high-pressure sealing female joint (25) and a cable protection pipe fixing frame (26), wherein the plug-in type main cable (21) is placed in the cable protection pipe (22); one end of a cable protection pipe (22) is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body (14) through a cable protection pipe fixing frame (26), and the other end of the cable protection pipe (22) is in inserted fit with an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint (19) through an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint (23) and is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve body (14); the main cable high-pressure sealing male connector (24) and the main cable high-pressure sealing female connector (25) are respectively arranged at the end parts of the two ends of the plug-in type main cable (21), and the main cable high-pressure sealing male connector (24) extends to the outside of the cable protection pipe (22); a bearing (27) is arranged between the cable protection tube fixing frame (26) and the cable protection tube (22);
the process of lowering the sleeve type electric heater is as follows: before two adjacent sections of sleeve-type electric heaters are connected in a threaded manner, a main cable high-pressure sealing male joint (24) of the previous section of sleeve-type electric heater is connected with a main cable high-pressure sealing female joint (25) of the next section of sleeve-type electric heater, then a sleeve body (14) of the two sections of sleeve-type electric heaters is connected in a threaded manner, at the moment, an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint (23) and an electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint (19) of the next section of sleeve-type electric heater are in a disconnected state, and after the two adjacent sections of sleeve-type electric heaters are connected, the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing male joint (23) and the electric heating wire high-pressure sealing female joint (19) of the next section of sleeve-type electric heater are connected together to complete the connection between the;
or the sleeve type electric heater comprises a sleeve body (14), an electric heating wire system and a sieve tube (15), wherein the end part of the sleeve body (14) is provided with threads, two adjacent sections of the sleeve body (14) are connected with each other by the threads, an electric heating wire double-spiral groove (16) and a water passing spiral groove (17) are processed on the sleeve body (14), the groove width of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove (16) is 2-4 mm, the groove distance is 2-4 mm, and the thread pitch is 30-40 mm; the width of the water passing spiral groove (17) is 1-3 mm, the pitch of the water passing spiral groove (17) is consistent with that of the electric heating wire double-spiral groove (16), the water passing spiral groove (17) is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove and the axial direction of the sleeve pipe body (14) is 60 degrees, and the water passing spiral groove (17) and the electric heating wire double-spiral groove (16) are arranged at intervals; the electric heating wire system comprises an electric heating wire (18) and a high-pressure sealing joint (28), wherein the diameter of the electric heating wire (18) is 2-4 mm, the electric heating wire is wound in a double-spiral groove (16) of the electric heating wire in a double-spiral mode, and the electric heating wire (18) is connected with a power supply pipeline (13) of the sleeve type heater through the high-pressure sealing joint (28); the outer diameter of the screen pipe (15) is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the casing pipe body (14) so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole casing pipe type electric heater consistent;
the sleeve type fluid heater comprises a sleeve body (14), a sieve pipe (15) and a high-temperature fluid line, wherein the end part of the sleeve body (14) is provided with threads, two adjacent sections of the sleeve body (14) are connected with each other by adopting the threads, a water passing spiral groove (17) is processed on the sleeve body (14), the groove width of the water passing spiral groove (17) is 1-3 mm, the thread pitch is 30-40 mm, the water passing spiral groove (17) is obliquely arranged, an included angle formed by the water passing spiral groove and the axial direction of the sleeve body (14) is 60 degrees, and any two adjacent water passing spiral grooves (17) are arranged at equal intervals; the screen pipe (15) is sleeved on the sleeve pipe body (14), and the outer diameter of the screen pipe (15) is consistent with the maximum outer diameter of the sleeve pipe body (14) so as to keep the outer diameter of the whole sleeve pipe type fluid heater consistent; the high-temperature fluid line comprises a fluid inlet pipe (30) and a fluid return pipe (31), one end of the fluid inlet pipe (30) is provided with a fluid inlet pipe male connector (32), the other end of the fluid inlet pipe is provided with a fluid inlet pipe female connector (33), one end of the fluid return pipe (31) is provided with a fluid return pipe female connector (34), the other end of the fluid return pipe male connector (35) is provided, the inner diameters of the fluid inlet pipe (30) and the fluid return pipe (31) are both 2 cm-4 cm, and the two high-temperature fluid lines are spirally distributed in the sleeve body (14) and are in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve body (14);
the down-casing fluid heater process is as follows: before two adjacent sections of sleeve type fluid heaters are connected in a threaded manner, a male connector (32) of a fluid inlet pipe of a previous section of sleeve type fluid heater is connected with a female connector (33) of a fluid inlet pipe of a next section of sleeve type fluid heater, and a female connector (34) of a fluid return pipe of the previous section of sleeve type fluid heater is connected with a male connector (35) of a fluid return pipe of the next section of sleeve type fluid heater; then, the sleeve body (14) of the two-section sleeve type fluid heater is in threaded connection.
2. The method for producing natural gas hydrate using the double pipe heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the process of lowering the sleeve type electric heater is as follows: the sleeve pipe bodies (14) of two adjacent sections of sleeve pipe type electric heaters are connected through threads, and after the two sections of sleeve pipe bodies (14) are connected through the threads, the power supply pipeline (13) of the sleeve pipe type electric heaters is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve pipe body (14), so that the sleeve pipe type electric heaters are connected.
3. The method for producing natural gas hydrate using the double pipe heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electric heating wire (18) is a metal resistance wire or a carbon fiber heating wire.
4. The method for producing natural gas hydrate using the double pipe heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power supply voltage of the sleeve type electric heater is 1000V-3000V.
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| CN114075951B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2024-05-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Natural gas hydrate exploitation shaft, system and method |
| CN111810060B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-11-19 | 西南石油大学 | Double-layer pipe microwave heating short joint for hydrate conveying |
| CN112539042B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2023-12-15 | 吉林大学 | Device and method for automatically pre-warning, heating and inhibiting generation of shaft hydrate |
| CN114776271A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Magnetic fluid enhanced electromagnetic heating device and method for preventing and treating secondary well hydrates |
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