CN108504900A - A kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy - Google Patents
A kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy, is related to technical field of alloy.A kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy, in percentage by weight, including:Al 3.6% 5.8%, Cu 0.1% 0.48%, Mg 0.001% 0.1%, remaining is Zn and inevitable impurity.Wherein, the mass ratio of Al and Cu is 8 30, and the microstructure of the kirsite includes η phases and β phases, the volume fraction < 50% of η phases.The alloy has excellent casting character, corrosion resisting property and polishing and plating performance, the parts such as water heating bathroom, hardware ornaments suitable for die casting, gravity or low pressure casting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, and more particularly to a kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy.
Background technology
Zinc is only second to aluminium and copper as a kind of important non-ferrous metal, dosage, occupies third position, and zinc is for producing zinc-base
Alloy accounts for second in the consumption of zinc, mainly for the production of zinc die casting alloys and gravitational casting kirsite.
, mobility low with fusing point is compared with other non-ferrous metals for zinc die casting alloys and processability is good, less energy consumption, former material
Expect the features such as cheap, the cast(ing) surface finishing that die casting comes out, is particularly suitable for polishing, plating.By commonly used in manufacturing industry
Zinc die casting alloys is the Zn-Al systems alloy of 4wt% containing Al or so, and trade name is ZAMAK alloy series, there is ZAMAK2
(Cu:2.7-3.3wt%), ZAMAK3 (Cu≤0.1wt%), ZAMAK5 (Cu:0.7-1.1wt%), ZAMAK7 (Cu≤
0.1wt%) alloy, ZAMAK3 and ZAMAK7 alloys have good mobility in the series alloy, and processability is good, but intensity
It is relatively low, for some complicated die casting and gravitational casting product surface there are surface defects such as cinder hole, deformations, and electroplated casting afterwards
Surface defect becomes apparent from, therefore cannot be satisfied the high quality surface requirement of casting.Because containing higher in ZAMAK2, ZAMAK5 alloy
The Cu of content, intensity and dimensional stability are obviously improved, but cost of material improves, and the mobility of alloy declines, and shrink tendency
Greatly, complex parts cannot be molded.
Patent ZL 201610917293.9 disclose it is a kind of can cold-heading deformation zinc alloy, which contains:0.01wt%
≤ Cu≤5.0wt%, 0.01wt%≤Al≤5.0wt%, 0.001wt%≤Mg≤1.0wt%, surplus is for Zn and unavoidably
Impurity, but the microstructure of the deformation zinc alloy is organized as matrix with single-phase η phase solid solution, and η phases are dissolved body tissue at this
Volume fraction in the microstructure of alloy is 95~99%.The alloy has high tensile strength, elongation percentage and shear strength,
But poor fluidity is unsuitable for casting and forming.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy, which has the surface of high-quality
Quality, high comprehensive performance can be used for die casting, gravity or low pressure casting and produce the parts such as water heating bathroom, hardware ornaments.
The present invention solves its technical problem using following technical scheme to realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy, in percentage by weight, including:
Al 3.6%-5.8%;
Cu 0.1%-0.48%;
Mg 0.001%-0.1%;
Remaining is Zn and inevitable impurity;
Wherein, the mass percent of Al and Cu meets:Wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 8-30;And the microstructure packet of kirsite
Phase containing η and β phases, the volume fraction < 50% of η phases.
The advantageous effect of the corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy of the embodiment of the present invention is:
The Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy of the present invention is a kind of low aluminum zn-based alloys, and aluminium can prevent zinc liquid oxidation, hence it is evident that improves zinc liquid
Mobility improves surface quality of continuous castings so as to improve its casting character.Aluminium can also crystal grain thinning, improve alloy strength.But aluminium contains
Measure it is excessively high alloy plasticity can be caused to decline, the content of Al is controlled in 3.6%-5.8%, alloy flowability and tensile strength are most
It is good.
Copper is added in the alloy, can improve the mechanical property of alloy, while aluminium can be improved in β phases in copper by solution strengthening
In solid solubility, stabilize β phases, reduce tendency of the aluminium atom to grain boundary decision.Particularly, the mass ratio of aluminum bronze is controlled one
Determine in range, aluminum bronze is more too low than the too low elongation for being easy to cause alloy, mobility reduces etc..0.001%- is added simultaneously
0.1% Mg can inhibit α phase decompositions, the size and performance for stablizing casting, while the intercrystalline corrosion that can also reduce kirsite is inclined
To improving the corrosion resisting property of alloy.
In the present invention, aluminium mainly forms primary α dendrite and eutectic α phases in the form of aluminium base solid solution, turns when cooling
For eutectoid, it is solid-solution on a small quantity in the η phases of zinc-rich.By the content for regulating and controlling Cu, Al, Mg each element so that form Zn as far as possible
The volume fraction of the α phases being solid-solution in Al, control η phases is less than 50%, assigns the good mobility of low aluminium zinc alloy, casting character
More preferably.
The kirsite of the present invention is different from ZAMAK the and ZA series alloys of the common existing trade mark, passes through the alloy of science
Design, makes alloy flowability more preferably, the anti-bottom contracting ability enhancing of gravitational casting product.And there is excellent polishing performance, it is especially suitable
Combined pressure is cast or the casting of gravitational casting molding high quality surface quality requirement.
Specific implementation mode
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below.
A kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
In percentage by weight, including:
Al 3.6%-5.8%;
Cu 0.1%-0.48%;
Mg 0.001%-0.1%;
Remaining is Zn and inevitable impurity;
Wherein, the mass percent of Al and Cu meets:Wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 8-30;And the microstructure packet of kirsite
Phase containing η and β phases, the volume fraction < 50% of η phases.
In kirsite, aluminium mainly forms primary α dendrite and eutectic α phases in the form of aluminium base solid solution, turns when cooling
For eutectoid, it is solid-solution on a small quantity in the η phases of zinc-rich.Aluminium can prevent zinc liquid oxidation, hence it is evident that the mobility for improving zinc liquid, so as to improve
Its casting character improves surface quality of continuous castings.When Al content is less than 3.6wt%, alloy strength is relatively low, and mobility declines, Al
Too high levels, alloy flowability decline, and aggravate gravity segregation and shrinkage cavity tendency;Consider, the content control of Al is existed
3.6%-5.8wt%, alloy have excellent mobility and tensile strength.
η phases be a small amount of Al be solid-solution in formed in Zn using Zn as the solid solution of base, pass through eutectic reaction, eutectoid reaction and mistake
The precipitation of saturated alpha phase precipitates to obtain.It is close-packed hexagonal lattice, and plasticity is poor, and readily facilitates grain boundaries stress concentration and cause
Low-alloyed creep rupture life, drops in cracking.By regulating and controlling the content of the elements such as Al, Cu, Mg, Zn is formed as far as possible and is solid-solution in Al
The volume fraction of α phases, control η phases is less than 50%, can assign low aluminium zinc alloy good mobility, casting character is more preferably.More
For preferably, the volume fraction of control η phases is 35~48%, can obtain the kirsite of excellent combination property, alloy is made to have
Compared with the better mobility of ZAMAK3 alloys, it is molded convenient for alloy, and may better resist deformation of products, makes die-cast product and gravity
Casting obtains the surface of finishing, and more preferably anti intercrystalline corrosion performance and polishing performance.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in percentage by weight, Al 3.6%-5.2%, preferably
Ground, Al 3.6-4.5%.It is further preferable that Al is 3.9%-4.3%.When the content of Al is 3.9%-4.3%, kirsite
With better mobility and anti-bottom contracting ability, the performance of product is optimal.
On the one hand the addition of copper can improve the mechanical property of alloy by solution strengthening, on the other hand, copper can be improved aluminium and exist
Solid solubility in β phases stablizes β phases, reduces tendency of the aluminium atom to grain boundary decision.In addition, the electrode potential of copper is higher, it is solid-solubilized in
When in β phases, the electrochemical properties difference between β phases and impurity can be made to reduce.Finally, copper will form ε phases (CuZn5), ε phases are also
Cathode phase is can be used as, is conducive to α phases and is passivated, to drop low-alloyed intercrystalline corrosion tendency.The additive amount of copper is in the present invention
0.1%-0.48wt% ensures the mobility of alloy while improving alloy anti intercrystalline corrosion performance, so that alloy is had excellent
Casting forming function and surface quality of continuous castings.When Cu contents are less than 0.1wt%, to the mechanical property and anti intercrystalline corrosion of alloy
Performance influences unobvious, and when Cu contents are more than 0.48wt%, ε phase too high levels are caused with matrix α phases (Al) in electrode potential
On difference, promote intercrystalline corrosion, alloy shrinkage tendency increases, and mobility reduces.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in percentage by weight, Cu 0.15%-0.45%, more
Preferably, Cu 0.2%-0.4%.By the content for advanced optimizing Cu so that the mobility of copper alloy and anti-bottom contracting performance
It is effectively improved.
The content of copper aluminium is than that can have an important influence on the performance of alloy, the too high levels of copper, and aluminum bronze ratio declines, and can lead
The elongation of alloy is caused to reduce.In the present embodiment, the mass percent of Al and Cu meets:Wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 8-30, more
For preferably, wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 8~12.When wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is less than 8, the mobility and stability of alloy compared with
Difference, when wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is higher than 30, under the conditions of the low copper of high alumina, the mobile performance of alloy is deteriorated, and plasticity reduces, corrosion-resistant
Poor performance.In addition, inventor is the study found that when wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is higher than 12, copper content is too low, its tension can be caused strong
Degree declines.
Magnesium is added, on the one hand can inhibit α phase decompositions and Mg is solid-solubilized in the passivation for being conducive to α phases in α phases, stablize the ruler of casting
Very little and performance reduces the intercrystalline corrosion tendency of kirsite, improves the corrosion resisting property of alloy;On the other hand, the addition of magnesium can be with
Crystal grain thinning, improves the hardness of alloy, and Mg contents of the invention are controlled in 0.001%-0.1wt%.When Mg contents are higher than
When 0.1wt%, alloy cold cracking, hot cracking tendency increase, and mobility is decreased obviously, and plasticity reduces, polishing performance is deteriorated.Further
Ground, the content of Mg are best with 0.02%-0.08wt%, further improve alloy property.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy also contains at least one of B, Zr, Ti and RE
Element.Selectively at least one of addition B, Zr, Ti and RE elements are for crystal grain thinning and to carry out rotten place to alloy
Reason, solubility very little of these elements in zinc will form high-melting-point bulk compound or tiny matter with Al, Zn, Cu element
Point after such as adding a small amount of Ti, will form TiZn in alloy3Particle and TiAlZn3Compound, TiZn3Particle can be used as heterogeneous shape
Core core and increase core, to make the tissue of alloy be refined, improve alloy strength, improve the casting character of alloy.Containing RE's
Cost zinc alloy crystal boundary eutectic structure is arborescent structure, is in brittleness, and rare earth element is enriched in crystal boundary, hinders growing up for crystal grain, from
And make crystal grain refinement.Rare earth is easy to react to form the second phase with certain alloying elements, plays the role of reinforced alloys, improves and closes
The comprehensive performance of gold.RE its harmful element, purifying liquid zinc can also be inhibited to improve corrosion resistance, the dimensional stability of alloy.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy, it is 1 to select mass ratio:2 La and Yb member
Element selects the RE elements of special ratios to form, can refine primary alpha phase, improves pattern and the distribution of eutectic phase, improve the modeling of alloy
Property, and it is wear-resisting, anticorrosion effect is more excellent.
Further, the total amount for adding to control selections at least one of B, Zr, Ti and RE element is 0.001%-
0.2%.Additive amount is less than 0.001%, then is unable to reach said effect.Additive amount is more than 0.2%, then can cause the modeling of kirsite
Property processing performance decline.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is first also to contain at least one of Na, Li and K for Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy
Element.Since Na, K, Li element are active element, they can form excessive dross, under oxidative conditions, skin covering of the surface and institute
The dross of formation hinders smooth flow of the liquid between dendrite gap, therefore can cut down bottom contracting tendency of the alloy at heavy wall.
Preferably, the overall control of at least one of Na, K, Li element element is in 0.001%-0.2wt%, further, overall control
In 0.01%-0.03%.
Further, in other embodiments of the present invention, in percentage by weight, corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy is by following
Group is grouped as:Al 4.30%, Mg 0.02%, Cu 0.31%, Ti 0.005%, Zr 0.008%, Na 0.04%, Zn
95.253%-95.353%, and inevitably impurity 0~0.1%.Inventors discovered through research that kirsite is by above
When group is grouped as, better mobility can be obtained, die casting performance is more preferably.
Further, in other embodiments of the present invention, in percentage by weight, corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy is by following
Group is grouped as:Al 4.25%, Mg 0.02%, Cu 0.31%, B 0.01%, Ti 0.006%, Zr 0.003%, La
0.004%, Yb 0.008%, Li 0.05%, Zn 95.05%-95.15%, and inevitably impurity 0-0.1%.It is logical
The ratio for crossing each component in stringent control kirsite, obtains above-mentioned corrosion-resistant kirsite, with good tensile strength.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy of the embodiment of the present invention is toxic without Be, Cd etc.
Harmful element, is also free of the elements such as Mn, Si, and Fe, Pb, Sn, Cd, Bi, Tl, In, Ag, Ga etc. need to be controlled strictly as impurity element
Its content, their presence will increase the corrosion susceptibility of alloy, and Fe and Al will form iron aluminide, reduce alloy flow
Property, Hard Inclusion made of iron aluminide aggregation will influence alloy polishing and electroplating quality.Fe、Pb、Sn、Cd、Bi、Tl、In、
The impurity elements summation such as Ag, Ga should be less than 0.1wt%, wherein Sn<0.001wt%, Pb<0.003wt%, Tl<0.001wt%,
Cd<0.001wt%.
The specific smelting preparation method of alloy of the present invention is:Al ingots, copper ingot or copper intermediate alloy and intermediate conjunction is first added
Gold (such as AlTi alloys or AlTiB, AlZr intermediate alloy, the alloy mode of the elements such as Ti, RE be added be not limited to it is described in
Between alloy, can be added in a manner of other alloys, such as ZnTi, ZnAlTiBRE intermediate alloy), be first warming up to 620 DEG C -680
DEG C, 10-30min is kept the temperature after added material all fusing, the desired amount of magnesium ingot and zinc ingot metal is added again later, waits for magnesium ingot and zinc ingot metal
After thawing, refining treatment is carried out, slag is then dragged for, comes out of the stove and pour ingot.The present invention alloy be first added aluminium ingot, copper ingot and other alloys at
Point, after melting for a period of time, magnesium ingot and zinc ingot metal are added, can effectively reduce the oxidative slagging of zinc and magnesium, improves alloy flow
Property.It is identical in ingredient, compared to magnesium ingot and zinc ingot metal is first added, add aluminium ingot, copper ingot and other alloying components
Method of smelting, aluminium ingot, copper ingot is first added in method of the invention, and is kept the temperature at higher temperature (620 DEG C -680 DEG C), then
Zinc ingot metal is added, avoids excessive zinc and magnesium by high-temperature oxydation slag making, and aluminium alloy is avoided to overheat, effectively improves alloy flow
Property.
Alloy of the present invention is closed by simple melting cast molding without carrying out the complicated procedures of forming such as cold and hot working, heat treatment
Golden production cost is low, and market competition advantage is apparent, is especially suitable for water heating bathroom, small of the production with high quality surface quality requirement
The parts such as five gold ornaments.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment
The ingredient for the corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy that the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example provide is as shown in table 1.
1 corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy component list (wt%) of table
Performance detection, specific performance inspection are carried out to embodiment 1-20 and comparative example the 1-6 corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy provided
Survey project and according to as follows:
1. mechanical property
The kirsite that the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example provide is casting ship type ingot, as cast condition;Mechanical property sample is zinc
10 samples of Kiel sample machine addition Ф made of alloy pig remelting casting carry out tension test in room temperature, the results are shown in Table 2.
2. casting character
Using two kinds of standard samples that casting alloy is general, the casting character of alloy of the present invention is evaluated.With spiral shape sample
The trickling length for measuring melt, evaluates the mobility of alloy;The contraction situation that sample evaluates alloy is shunk with body, measures its contraction
Depth, and observe the loose situation of concentrating shrinkage cavity inner surface smooth degree and bottom.Concentrating shrinkage cavity surface is smooth, bottom can without naked eyes
See loose to be excellent, is indicated with "○";Concentrating shrinkage cavity surface is more smooth, to be less than 3mm be good to the visible loose height of its bottom naked eyes, uses
" △ " is indicated;Concentrating shrinkage cavity is rough, the visible loose height >=5mm of its bottom naked eyes or has the visible apparent draw of naked eyes to be
Difference is indicated with "×".
Each sample is hand dropping, and pouring temperature is 500 DEG C ± 2 DEG C.The results are shown in Table 2.
3. polishing performance
Each alloy casting same model casting is taken respectively, and casting is polished, is then with the naked eye observed, no hard
Point, cinder hole and shrinkage porosite are indicated then to be excellent with " 〇 ";Hard Inclusion, cinder hole and shrinkage porosite total quantity are less than 3, and each Hard Inclusion is straight
It is good that diameter, which is less than 0.5mm then, is indicated with " Δ ";It is then poor that Hard Inclusion, surface shrinkage porosite, cinder hole total quantity, which are more than 3, with "×" table
Show, the results are shown in Table 2.
4. corrosion resisting property 1
Surface C P processing is carried out to the molding casting of kirsite gravitational casting of the present invention, then to CP part establishing criterias ASTM
G85-11Standard practice for modified salt spray (fog) testing annex Al (improved salt
Mist testing experiment standard appendix A 1) carry out corrosion resistance test.
Testing time:96h;
Surface corrosion situation is checked after testing 96h, is then excellent without apparent corrosion, is indicated with " 〇 ";Slight erosion, then for
It is good, it is indicated with " △ ";It is poor to have apparent corrosion then, is indicated with "×", the results are shown in Table 2.
5. corrosion resisting property 2
Continue on the basis of above-mentioned corrosion resisting property 1 after testing 96h, check surface corrosion situation, be then without apparent corrosion it is excellent,
It is indicated with " 〇 ";Slight erosion is indicated then to be good with " △ ";It is poor to have apparent corrosion then, is indicated with "×", as a result such as 2 institute of table
Show.
2 performance test table of table
According to the properties testing result of table 2:Corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy provided in an embodiment of the present invention has
Compared with the higher tensile strength of ZAMAK3 kirsites and superior corrosion resisting property, tensile strength in 210MPa or more, compared with
The superior mobility of ZAMAK5 kirsites, casting character and anti-contracility energy have more compared with the kirsite that comparative example 3-6 is provided
Excellent mobility, anti-contracility energy, polishing performance and corrosion resistance.Particularly, the η phases of embodiment 1,8,10,11,17,20,21
Volume fraction in the range of 35%-48%, mobile performance and corrosion resistance are more preferably.In addition, as seen from Table 2, when
When wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 8~12, product obtains more excellent tensile strength (230MPa or more) and corrosive nature.
Corrosion-resistant zinc alloy casting performance, polishing performance and the excellent corrosion-proof performance of the embodiment of the present invention, be suitable for die casting,
Gravity or low pressure casting molding, are especially suitable for water heating bathroom, hardware ornaments etc. of the production with high quality surface quality requirement
Parts.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The reality of the present invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy, which is characterized in that
In percentage by weight, including:
Al 3.6%-5.8%;
Cu 0.1%-0.48%;
Mg 0.001%-0.1%;
Remaining is Zn and inevitable impurity;
Wherein, the mass percent of Al and Cu meets:Wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 8-30;And the microstructure packet of the kirsite
Phase containing η and β phases, the volume fraction < 50% of η phases.
2. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in percentage by weight, Al is
3.7%-5.2%, it is preferable that Al 3.6%-4.5%.
3. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in percentage by weight, Al is
3.9%-4.3%.
4. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in percentage by weight, Cu is
0.15%-0.45%.
5. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that according to weight percent
Meter, Cu 0.2%-0.4%.
6. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that the Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy
Also contain at least one of B, Zr, Ti and RE elements.
7. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in percentage by weight, B is
0.001%-0.1wt%, Ti 0.001%-0.2wt%, Zr 0.001%-0.04wt%, RE 0.001%-0.1wt%.
8. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that the Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy
Also contain at least one of Na, K and Li elements.
9. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in percentage by weight, the ring
It is 0.001%-0.2wt% to protect the total amount that kirsite contains at least one of Na, K, Li element element.
10. corrosion-resistant Environment-friendlyzinc zinc alloy according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that the quality of Al and Cu
Percentage meets:Wt (Al)/wt (Cu) is 10-16.
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