CN108496721A - The big eight cun of row cultural methods of rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to paddy machinery planting technology fields, refer to carrying out rice cropping using big eight cun of row cultural methods, it is characterized in that the plot of the low fertility in first determines that using spacing in the rows be 120mm, the plot of first-class fertility first determines that using spacing in the rows be 140mm, variable density caused by soil fertility and Tillering Ability in Rice and harm are resolved by the determination of spacing in the rows when using 9 cun of rows, it reduces 9 cun of line-spacings and increases density, and according to rice strain bar height then thin planting, low, principle is planted in dense planting, by plant height more than 8 cun, less than selecting corresponding line-spacing within the scope of 9 line-spacings and carry out rice transplanting, the basic seedling amount of opposite 9 cun of rows is increased by reducing line-spacing, volume increase and steady volume increase can be continued by being relatively fixed 9 × 3 slotting method of row.

Description

The big eight cun of row cultural methods of rice

This divisional application derives from application number 2015102792781, May 28 2015 applying date, title:Rice is big Eight cun of row cultivations and seedling case, flat-pushing radical transplanting method and transplanting mechanism.

Technical field

Rice cultivation is carried out the present invention relates to paddy machinery planting technology field, in particular to using big eight cun of row cultural methods Training can continue to improve rice yield.

Background technology

For the rice of different regions due to the difference of kind factor and growing environment, the requirement to line-spacing is also different, influences to go Away from kind factor be mainly tillering ability and rice plant height degree, environmental factor is important is soil fertility, and important is apply for external factor Fertilizer amount, within the scope of 700-1400 mm, rice transplanting distribution principle is the rice plant height degree of existing discovery：Tillering ability then thin planting, weak by force Then dense planting, the rice strain bar height then low then dense planting of thin planting, bar, however due to being influenced by Korea Spro, day rice transplanter, existing hybrid rice is universal Using 300mm（I.e. 9 cun）Line-spacing carries out rice transplanting cultivation, although 8 cun（264mm）Rice transplanter has existed, but in practice not It is recognized, the reason is that using 3 cun（120mm）Spacing in the rows density is excessively high, easily falls ill and lodges, and uses 4 cun（140mm）When spacing in the rows, Theoretically see, per cave seedling growing space and per acre strain cave number and 9 × 3 suitable therefore nonsensical, this allow in, it is low The rice field of fertility has no way of selecting, and the rice of different cultivars characteristic can only fix 9 cun of rows using single, cause to continue height to pursue Produce and chemical fertilizer be excessively used, especially in, low fertility field fertilizer application amount bigger, caused by consequence be that setting percentage is low, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, late Ripe or even lodging, increased risk, yield can not ensure that people have appreciated that 9 × 3 deficiency, fertility when pursuing high yield now Good plot has used, and 9 × 4 carry out rice transplanting, although reduction disease and lodging, the effect of increasing production unobvious compared with 9 × 3 are wanted Think that volume increase must also increase fertilizer amount, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, lodging phenomenon certainly will be caused again, can not guarantee stable yields, the reason is that Basic Seedling mistake It is few, in conclusion in order to increase yield, in, low fertility plot to increase Basic Seedling and not select, the good plot of fertility uses 9 × 3 are unable to stable yields, and using 9 × 4 not high yields again, it is again inadaptable to shorten 8 cun of rows by traditional cognitive.

Again due to breeding quality and uneven nursery the problems such as, occur hindering seedling root especially with existing rice transplanting transplanting Stem floats seedling, plants too deep unsuitable tiller and prevent the problems such as weak seedling is from surviving, and causes the quantity of every cave seedling to reduce or be short of seedling and causes Basic Seedling is reduced, if increasing Basic Seedling quantity by reducing spacing in the rows using 9 cun of rows, and can cause the sheath and culm blight of rice, rice blast Etc. diseases, it is also possible to occur lodging phenomenon, this requires cannot realize high yield by reducing spacing in the rows.

Invention content

According to deficiency existing for above-mentioned planting with machinery, transplanting of breaking the normal procedure is changed using fixed line-spacing by adjusting planting distance The habituation of density inserts method, proposes big eight cun of row cultural methods, it is therefore an objective to be chased after with seedling 3 or more per cave according to normal transplanting Ask few with fertilizer and in the case of disease and lodging can be removed, volume increase and steady volume increase can be continued by being relatively fixed 9 × 3 slotting method of row.

It is adopted the technical scheme that in order to achieve the above object：Use the big eight cun of line-spacing cultural methods of rice, paddy rice row Away from being determined according to the kind and growing environment that use, 9 cun of rows, 3 cun of spacing in the rows is generally used to carry out the machine transplanting of rice at this stage, What rice yield was mainly determined by three factors, unit area spike number, Grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel, in, the plot of low fertility Finely tune line-spacing using the characteristic of the accurate rice transplanting of rice transplanter, by influence line-spacing kind factor plant height big eight cun of rows row Away from the corresponding line-spacing of selection, while 3 cun of spacing in the rows are used, avoids 9 × 3 rice transplantings by the excessive disadvantage increased production with fertilizer, to increase Basic seedling amount reaches raising yield, to increase the spike number of unit area, for the first-class plot of fertility, selects big eight cun of rows Away from, while 4 cun of spacing in the rows are used, harm caused by avoiding 9 × 3 is appropriate to increase individual growth space to increase tiller number, fringe grain Number and mass of 1000 kernel reduce plant type height and density, reach steady volume increase, why use big eight cun of line-spacings, the low fertility in Plot, applicable is 9 × 3 slotting methods, if not by chemical fertilizer volume increase is excessively used, that will increase density to increase production, and increase The selection of encryption degree continues to zoom out spacing in the rows and carries out rice cropping, and can cause disease and plant type increases the easily harm such as lodging, therefore really Low fertility is suitble to the spacing in the rows used to be still 3 cun in fixed, and it is to reduce line-spacing to be less than 9 cun of rows to increase density unique selection, Custom cognition 8 cun of rows of selection of people are such as pressed, and 8 cun of rows generally cannot be used and be promoted by people always in practice, it can only Illustrate 8 cun it is capable do not adapt to hybrid paddy rice, the reason is that density is excessive, early period influences tiller, and mid-term is easily caught an illness, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is low, in, after Phase lower part blade face is unable to light, and bar is thin and height, the percentage of earbearing tiller and grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel are all low, easily lodges, and only adapts to currently Common rice, it is unfavorable to require the hybrid paddy rice higher than common rice for working condition, therefore hybrid paddy rice will soften terms, Spacing in the rows should increase line-spacing when being 3 cun, and using the line-spacing more than 8 cun, and due to the raising with accumulated temperature, fertilizer application amount adds Greatly, especially to the pursuit of high-yield variety and application, the characteristics of high-yield variety is that fertilizer requirement is big, bar is high, fringe is big, this is just to line-spacing It proposes requirements at the higher level, therefore when the use of spacing in the rows being 3 cun, should select to be more than 8 cun as possible, so-called big eight cun of rows are just greater than 8 cun Line-spacing, less than the line-spacing in 9 cun of line-spacing sections, big eight cun of rows are just greater than 264mm line-spacings, are less than 300mm line-spacings section in other words Line-spacing, select big eight cun of rows by increasing basic seedling amount, in making, low fertility plot reach volume increase, the low fertilizer certainly in Power plot should properly increase individual growth space if weather conditions are poor, wind is big, rain is more, easy diseased area, reduce density diseases prevention, The high lodging-prevention of bar is reduced, is most directly to increase line-spacing, 4 cun of spacing in the rows can also be used, but 270mm-280mm sections should be selected, made Basic Seedling differs less with 9 × 3, can increase production and reach by improving the tiller number increase percentage of earbearing tiller and setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel Increase production purpose to stablizing；It compares, rice point is made since ground utilization ratio favourable and fertile is high for the plot of first-class fertility Tiller obtains more, and intermediary and later stages growth is vigorous, causes the rice planted according to 9 cun of line-spacings, 3 cun of spacing in the rows rice straw in uniline crowded and saturating Photosensitiveness is poor, and global density also increases therewith, so that rice is caught an illness, is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, plant type is increased, and encounters Changes in weather and lodges, no Energy stable yields, hampers and continues to increase production, solve the variable density caused by the above soil fertility and tillering ability and its harm, only increase Spacing in the rows uses 4 cun of spacing in the rows, that is, increases opposite 9 × 3 individual growth spaces per cave seedling, although 9 × 4 slotting methods can reduce disease And lodging, but yield no more than 9 × 3 or remain basically stable, the reason is that Basic Seedling difference is excessive, see the table of comparisons（One）9×4 Fewer than 9 × 3 per acre 2647 cave seedlings, reduction ratio reach 14%, in this way, only increasing basic seedling amount by indention, reduce row Away from by custom 8 × 4 should be selected, but from contrast table（One）In can be seen that, from the individual growth spatial contrast of every cave seedling, 8 × 4 ratio 9 × 3 spaces increase 9.6cm2, and incrementss are very little, remain basically stable with 9 × 3, compare unobvious, have little significance, can only meet existing The demand of low-yield variety, this advantage are easy to be broken by the application of high-yield variety, therefore to select to be more than eight cun of line-spacings, small Continue to improve rice yield in 9 cun of line-spacings and reaches stable yields；

Mechanism and advantageous effect change density on the contrary, but logical according to corresponding plant height with conventional transplanting by adjusting planting distance It overregulates line-spacing and changes density, reach to eliminating harm and continue to increase production；Spacing in the rows is first determined by soil fertility, solves soil fertility and tiller Variable density caused by ability and its harm make the factor of influence line-spacing only be left plant height；According to the high thin planting of bar, low then dense planting Distribution principle, by rice plant height it is low selected between the line-spacing of big eight cun of rows corresponding line away from, yield be then by with bar height reduce by Tapered small line-spacing is to increase density volume increase, and disease is resolved by different soil fertilities using different safe spacing in the rows, not single energy It is lasting to increase production and steadily increase production, be relatively fixed row 9 × 3 and improve yield 6.2% --- between 7.1%；By soil fertility energy It determines and uses spacing in the rows, just can determine that by plant height using line-spacing, be more convenient practical application；Here is per acre（667m²）Cave number and every The cave seedling growing space table of comparisons one

Although the line-spacing of big eight cun of rows only micro 1-3cm or so, accurate rice transplanting effect by rice transplanter is significant, is led to Cross comparison of the same spacing in the rows to cave number per acre, big eight cun of row 275mm, 285mm line-spacings in 3 cun of spacing in the rows respectively than 9 cun line-spacings, 3 cun Spacing in the rows increases by 1686 cave seedlings, 995 cave seedlings per acre, and increase ratio is 9% and 5.3% respectively, this ratio and 4 cun of spacing in the rows 275mm, 285mm line-spacings are identical with 9 × 4 comparison results.

Specific implementation mode

It is the yield table of comparisons below, 2011-2012 places of experimental period are the red prosperous management boards of Heilongjiang Reclamation Area 291 farm, 15 team, using kind dragon round-grained rice 31,920 mm of plant height or so, corresponding line-spacing should be 280mm, using rocker-type rice transplanter, Wherein 280mm line-spacings rice transplanter is converted by rocker-type, well water irrigate, in comparison, low fertility in a pond, on For good fertility in another pond, sump area surpasses half land measure equal to fifteen mu in most parts of the Northeast, and experiment is worthwhile by average：Big eight cun of line-spacings selection 280mm is compared, Flat-pushing radical transplanting method uses generation machinery by hand, sees the table of comparisons two

Growing method line-spacings（mm） × spacing in the rows	The common machine transplanting of rice .300×3	The common machine transplanting of rice 300×4	The common machine transplanting of rice 280×3	The common machine transplanting of rice 280×4	Flat-pushing radical by hand 280×3	Flat-pushing radical by hand 280×4
							Medium fertility average product Kg/ hectares	8114		8694	8423	8973
Fertile plot average product Kg/ hectares	8367	8338		8886		9206

When using 3 cun of spacing in the rows rice transplantings, than 9 cun line-spacings of 280mm line-spacing per hectare average products increase production in the plot of medium fertility 580kg/hm-2 is averaged rate of growth 7.1%, and fertile plot selection 280mm line-spacing × 4 cun spacing in the rows increases production 519kg/hm-2 than 9 × 3, Average rate of growth is 6.2%, has so broken the uncertainty of 9 cun of row unicity and small line-spacing, avoids and chemical fertilizer increasing is excessively used The harmfulness of production, it is ensured that rice persistently increases production, and stablizes volume increase, by can be seen that above, can be improved using big eight cun of row rice transplantings Yield is 6.2% --- and between 7.1%, the method is also applied for directly seeding rice.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of big eight cun of line-spacing cultural methods of rice, line-spacing is determined according to the rice varieties and growing environment that use, The kind factor for influencing line-spacing is mainly tillering ability and plant height, and important is soil fertility, rice transplanting distribution principles to be for environmental factor：Point Then thin planting, the low then dense planting by force of tiller ability, rice strain bar height then thin planting, low then dense planting, the rice plant height degree of existing discovery is in 700-1400 Within the scope of mm, there are three the factors that influence yield, i.e. unit area spike number, grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel, every according to normal transplanting Cave carries out load plant with seedling quantity, in order to avoid by being excessively used, chemical fertilizer reaches the caused harm of volume increase and bar high density is big What is generated easily catches an illness and the phenomenon that lodge, and requires to continue to improve yield on 9 × 3 slotting method basis of existing fixed row, and proposition is eight cun big Line-spacing cultural method, it is characterised in that the fertility for determining soil first, it is first determining by the plot of first-class fertility to be using spacing in the rows 140mm, first-class soil fertility and the tillering ability that enhances are on variable density caused by rice and endanger these influences, have passed through Increase opposite 9 × 3 spacing in the rows and be resolved, the factor for influencing line-spacing only has plant height, and according to rice strain bar height then thin planting, it is low then The rice transplanting distribution principle of dense planting selects corresponding line-spacing to go forward side by side by plant height within the scope of the line-spacing more than 8 cun of rows and less than 9 cun of rows Row rice transplanting increases tiller number, grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel, reaches steady volume increase by increasing opposite 9 × 3 individual growth space； The plot of low fertility, which first determines, in uses spacing in the rows for 120mm, variable density caused by soil fertility and Tillering Ability in Rice And harm is resolved by the determination of spacing in the rows when using 9 cun of rows, is reduced 9 cun of line-spacings and is increased density, and is distributed according to rice transplanting Principle selects corresponding line-spacing within the scope of the line-spacing more than 88 cun of rows and less than 9 cun of rows by plant height and carries out rice transplanting, passes through Reduce line-spacing increase be relatively fixed 9 × 3 basic seedling amount of row, be increase unit area spike number come continue improve yield, in Low fertility plot, if local environment is more high wind, rainy, easy diseased area, it is desirable that it is appropriate to increase individual growth space, reduce Density diseases prevention, reduces the high lodging-prevention of bar, and above method is also applied for the plantation of direct sowing of rice machinery.