CN108492550B - Blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及区块链、智能合约、协同驾驶、物联网和V2X技术领域,具体的说是一种基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统。The invention relates to the technical fields of blockchain, smart contracts, collaborative driving, Internet of Things and V2X, in particular to a blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system.
背景技术Background technique
区块链技术,又称为分布式账本技术,是一种去中心信任化、集体维护分布式账本的技术方案,其利用块链式数据结构来验证与存储数据,其本质是由多个节点集体参与通过多方存储、多方计算的方式来实现数据不可篡改、计算结果可信的分布式数据库系统。区块链并不是一种单一的技术,而是多种技术融合的结果,利用区块链技术维护一个可靠的、难以篡改的账本记录,可以降低信任的风险,并能有效的降低众参与方协作的维护成本。区块链技术的发展使得智能合约成为可能,智能合约是一段由一台计算机或者计算机网络按照签署合约的权利和义务自动执行的代码,合约的执行无需中心节点来进行控制,通过自动化脚本代码实现编程和操作数据。由于智能合约使用代码的方式,保证了合同条款的强制执行力;将智能合约与区块链相结合,使得合约的条款一旦设定,就没有第三方可以篡改。智能合约这一颠覆性的技术是区块链的重要特性,将会对人类社会结构产生重大变化。Blockchain technology, also known as distributed ledger technology, is a technical solution for decentralized trust and collective maintenance of distributed ledgers. It uses a blockchain data structure to verify and store data. Collective participation realizes a distributed database system in which data cannot be tampered with and calculation results are credible through multi-party storage and multi-party computing. Blockchain is not a single technology, but the result of the fusion of multiple technologies. Using blockchain technology to maintain a reliable and hard-to-tamper ledger record can reduce the risk of trust and effectively reduce the number of participants. Collaborative maintenance costs. The development of blockchain technology has made smart contracts possible. A smart contract is a piece of code that is automatically executed by a computer or computer network in accordance with the rights and obligations of signing the contract. The execution of the contract does not need to be controlled by a central node, and is realized through automated script code. Program and manipulate data. Due to the way smart contracts use code, the enforceability of contract terms is guaranteed; the smart contract is combined with the blockchain, so that once the terms of the contract are set, no third party can tamper with it. The disruptive technology of smart contracts is an important feature of the blockchain and will bring about major changes in the structure of human society.
V2X是V2V(车辆对车辆通信Vehicle to Vehicle)、V2I(车辆对基础设施通信Vehicle to Infrastructure)、V2P(Vehicle to Pedestrian)等的统称,通过搭载先进的车载传感器、控制器、执行器等装置,融合现代通信与网络技术,实现车与X(人、车、路、后台等)智能信息的交换共享,获得实时路况、道路、行人等一系列交通数据,从而带来超视距的环境信号,同时能与交通灯、路标等周围基础设施进行互动,具备复杂的环境感知、智能决策、协同控制和执行等功能,提供更安全、更节能、更环保、更舒适的出行方式,是物联网在车辆驾驶情景中的重要应用。V2X is a general term for V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure), and V2P (Vehicle to Pedestrian). Integrate modern communication and network technologies to realize the exchange and sharing of intelligent information between vehicles and X (people, vehicles, roads, backgrounds, etc.), and obtain a series of traffic data such as real-time road conditions, roads, pedestrians, etc. At the same time, it can interact with surrounding infrastructure such as traffic lights and road signs, and has complex environmental perception, intelligent decision-making, collaborative control and execution functions, and provides a safer, more energy-saving, more environmentally friendly and more comfortable travel mode. Important applications in vehicle driving scenarios.
基于V2X的高速协同车队,将多辆商用大型车辆组成一个车队,通过V2X无线电波传播方式来实现感知协同,大大缩短了后车制动所需的必要反应时间,消除了人员反应及设备感知时间,极大的减少了后车跟车安全距离,从而减小车队行驶车辆的空气阻力,降低了车辆油耗,进而减少污染排放物,同时增强了驾驶安全。传统的协同驾驶车队多属于私人车队,无法形成规模,并且受限于区域,在这种情况下,如何有效的利用区块链技术,在开放的环境下自组织成临时车队,解决车队车辆间的互信问题,并能实现节省成本收益的合理分配成为亟需解决的问题。The high-speed collaborative fleet based on V2X combines multiple commercial large-scale vehicles into a fleet, and realizes perception collaboration through V2X radio wave propagation, which greatly shortens the necessary reaction time required for rear-vehicle braking, and eliminates personnel response and equipment perception time. , which greatly reduces the safe distance of the following vehicle, thereby reducing the air resistance of the fleet of vehicles, reducing the fuel consumption of the vehicle, thereby reducing pollution emissions, and enhancing driving safety. Most of the traditional collaborative driving fleets belong to private fleets, which cannot be scaled and are limited by the area. In this case, how to effectively use blockchain technology to self-organize into a temporary fleet in an open environment to solve the problem between fleet vehicles. It is an urgent problem to solve the problem of mutual trust and realize the reasonable distribution of cost-saving and benefits.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明针对目前技术发展的需求和不足之处,提供一种基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统。Aiming at the needs and deficiencies of current technology development, the present invention provides a blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system.
本发明所述基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案如下:所述基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,包括区块链基础设施、车队;所述区块链基础设施由参与节点车企系统、监管平台、路基、金融支付系统在一个P2P共识网络中建立而成;同时P2P共识网络设置管理节点、背书节点和记账节点,共同合作实现智能合约的执行以及区块链新块区的生成;各个参与节点共同维护一份账本,账本中记录车队协同驾驶过程中的智能合约执行结果;各个参与节点在车辆自组织车队的过程中,完成与各个相关系统的对接;The blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system includes blockchain infrastructure and fleets; The blockchain infrastructure described above is established in a P2P consensus network by participating in the node car enterprise system, supervision platform, roadbed, and financial payment system; at the same time, the P2P consensus network sets up management nodes, endorsement nodes and accounting nodes to work together to achieve intelligent The execution of contracts and the generation of new blocks in the blockchain; each participating node jointly maintains a ledger, which records the results of smart contract execution during the collaborative driving process of the fleet; each participating node completes the process of self-organizing the fleet with vehicles. The connection of various related systems;
所述车队后车实时采集来自前车的数据,与前车保持V2V实时通信,进行协同自动驾驶,车辆离队、到达目的地事件会触发智能合约,将相关车辆数据收集,并利用路基设施的边缘计算能力发布到区块链中;The vehicle behind the fleet collects data from the vehicle in front in real time, maintains V2V real-time communication with the vehicle in front, and performs collaborative automatic driving. The event of vehicle departure and arrival at the destination will trigger a smart contract, collect relevant vehicle data, and use the edge of roadbed facilities. The computing power is released into the blockchain;
通过车载智能传感装置和V2X通信装置完成V2V车辆与车辆间、车辆与V2I路基间的通信,形成以车辆为中心的V2X网络数据交换,经过数据交换完成临时车队的组队协商,并发布临时车队组队智能合约;通过区块链和智能合约技术,将临时车队组建过程利用区块链基础设施写入到区块链中,利用区块链分布式账本技术去中心信任化的特性,将协同驾驶车队的组织和行驶的整个过程通过智能合约自动执行,记录到区块链中。The vehicle-to-vehicle and V2X communication devices are used to complete the communication between V2V vehicles and between vehicles and V2I roadbeds to form a vehicle-centric V2X network data exchange. Fleet formation smart contract; through blockchain and smart contract technology, the temporary fleet formation process is written into the blockchain using the blockchain infrastructure, and the decentralized and trustworthy features of the blockchain distributed ledger technology are used. The entire process of the organization and driving of the collaborative driving fleet is automatically executed through smart contracts and recorded in the blockchain.
具体的,所述区块链基础设施通过创建一个代币,并为其分配移动价值,作为自组织车队的支付货币,同时将区块链中待执行的智能合约程序公开,供各个参与节点检查和调用,所有的智能合约执行结果都将记录在区块链中。Specifically, the blockchain infrastructure creates a token and assigns mobile value to it as the payment currency for the self-organized fleet, and at the same time discloses the smart contract program to be executed in the blockchain for each participating node to check and calls, all smart contract execution results will be recorded in the blockchain.
具体的,所述区块链中记录的数据是智能合约执行结果,其Block区块结构包括版本号、时间戳、合约Merkle树根摘要、合约执行结果、前区块摘要值和本区块摘要值,其中交易结构记录智能合约,包括车辆认证智能合约、代币充值智能合约和车队协同驾驶智能合约。Specifically, the data recorded in the blockchain is the smart contract execution result, and its block block structure includes version number, timestamp, contract Merkle tree root summary, contract execution result, previous block summary value and this block summary value, in which the transaction structure records smart contracts, including vehicle authentication smart contracts, token recharge smart contracts, and fleet collaborative driving smart contracts.
具体的,摘要算法采用SHA256,签名算法为SHA256WithRSA,数字证书采用X509格式,数字信封采用PKCS7格式。Specifically, the digest algorithm adopts SHA256, the signature algorithm adopts SHA256WithRSA, the digital certificate adopts X509 format, and the digital envelope adopts PKCS7 format.
具体的,所述车辆通过GPS位置传感器进行定位,安装有V2X通信装置,实现V2X覆盖区域内车辆与车辆、车辆与路基的双向通信,完成临时车队的组队协商,并将协商结果发送给路基。Specifically, the vehicle is positioned by a GPS position sensor, and a V2X communication device is installed to realize the two-way communication between the vehicle and the vehicle, and the vehicle and the roadbed in the V2X coverage area, complete the team negotiation of the temporary fleet, and send the negotiation result to the roadbed .
具体的,所述车企系统负责管理其车辆的相关情况;所述路基是包含网络、计算、存储的资源汇聚点,分布在道路两侧,通过V2I实现与车辆的双向通信,将车辆汇集数据,根据预先制定的规则,向区块链中节点广播消息,触发智能合约的执行;所述金融支付系统负责代币兑换及相关智能合约的发布;所述监控平台负责车辆身份的认证。Specifically, the car company system is responsible for managing the relevant conditions of its vehicles; the roadbed is a resource convergence point including network, computing, and storage, distributed on both sides of the road, and realizes two-way communication with vehicles through V2I, and collects data from vehicles. , according to pre-established rules, broadcast messages to nodes in the blockchain to trigger the execution of smart contracts; the financial payment system is responsible for token exchange and the release of related smart contracts; the monitoring platform is responsible for vehicle identity authentication.
具体的,所述管理节点负责参与节点的准入;所述背书节点由区块链P2P共识网络的节点选出,负责智能合约的执行确认;所述记账节点间达成共识,生成新的区块,并广播到整个P2P共识网络,再由各个参与节点完成确认更新本地账本。Specifically, the management node is responsible for the admission of participating nodes; the endorsement node is selected by the nodes of the blockchain P2P consensus network, and is responsible for the execution and confirmation of the smart contract; the accounting nodes reach a consensus to generate a new zone The block is broadcast to the entire P2P consensus network, and then each participating node completes the confirmation and updates the local ledger.
具体的,通过监管平台对车辆及路基设施进行审核,通过第三方数字证书认证中心为其发放数字证书。Specifically, vehicles and roadbed facilities are audited through the supervision platform, and digital certificates are issued to them through a third-party digital certificate certification center.
具体的,所述第三方数字证书认证中心负责发放数字证书,为区块链基础设施搭建发放身份证书及通信证书,实现参与节点间安全通信和身份认证。Specifically, the third-party digital certificate authentication center is responsible for issuing digital certificates, issuing identity certificates and communication certificates for the construction of blockchain infrastructure, and realizing secure communication and identity authentication among participating nodes.
本发明所述基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,与现有技术相比具有的有益效果是:本发明有效利用V2X技术形成以车辆为中心的局部区域的Mesh网络,通过区块链和智能合约技术,将临时车队组建过程利用区块链基础设施写入到区块链中,利用区块链分布式账本技术去中心信任化的特性,将协同驾驶车队的组织和行驶的整个过程通过智能合约自动执行,记录到区块链中;相较于传统的方式,通过统一的、去中心化的方式,有效地解决了参与各方的互信问题,实现临时车队车辆间的互信,保障了临时车队行为的完整性和不可篡改性;Compared with the prior art, the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention effectively utilizes the V2X technology to form a Mesh network in a local area centered on the vehicle; And smart contract technology, the temporary fleet formation process is written into the blockchain using the blockchain infrastructure, and the entire process of the organization and driving of the collaborative driving fleet is integrated by using the decentralized trust feature of the blockchain distributed ledger technology. It is automatically executed through smart contracts and recorded in the blockchain; compared with the traditional method, through a unified and decentralized method, the mutual trust problem of all parties involved is effectively solved, and the mutual trust between temporary fleet vehicles is realized and guaranteed. the integrity and immutability of the temporary fleet behavior;
有效利用车载智能传感装置和V2I路侧资源,实现了高速车队的协同驾驶,明确了临时车队各方收益,实现了节省成本收益的合理分配。以车辆为中心的局部区域化的车队管理方式,提高了临时车队组队效率和用户组队体验,节约了车队管理成本,进而降低车辆运营成本,减少环境污染排放,同时在一定程度上避免了车辆不文明驾驶带来的安全隐患,提高了整体车队的行车安全。Effective use of on-board intelligent sensing devices and V2I roadside resources enables the collaborative driving of high-speed fleets, clarifies the benefits of all parties in the temporary fleet, and realizes a reasonable distribution of cost-saving benefits. The vehicle-centered localized fleet management method improves the efficiency of temporary fleet formation and user experience, saves fleet management costs, thereby reducing vehicle operating costs, reducing environmental pollution and emissions, and at the same time, to a certain extent, avoids The safety hazards brought by uncivilized driving of vehicles have improved the driving safety of the entire fleet.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术内容,下面对本发明实施例或现有技术中所需要的附图做简单介绍。显而易见的,下面所描述附图仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,对于本领域技术人员来说,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图,但均在本发明的保护范围之内。In order to more clearly describe the technical content of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts, but all of them are included in the present invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.
附图1为基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统的示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system;
附图2为所述区块链结构示意图;Accompanying drawing 2 is the block chain structure schematic diagram;
附图3为高速车队自组织协同驾驶的流程图。FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the self-organized cooperative driving of a high-speed fleet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的技术方案、解决的技术问题和技术效果更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清查、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下获得的所有实施例,都在本发明的保护范围之内。In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical problems to be solved and the technical effects more clearly understood, the technical solutions of the present invention will be checked and fully described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the present invention. examples, but not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例Example
本施例提出基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,其系统架构如附图1所示,包括区块链基础设施、车队;通过车载智能传感装置和V2X通信装置完成V2V车辆与车辆间、车辆与V2I路基间的通信,实现以车辆为中心的V2X网络数据交换,经过数据交换完成临时车队的组队协商,并发布临时车队组队智能合约;This embodiment proposes a blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system. Communication between vehicles, vehicles and V2I roadbed, realize the vehicle-centric V2X network data exchange, complete the team formation negotiation of the temporary fleet through data exchange, and issue the temporary fleet team formation smart contract;
所述区块链基础设施由参与节点车企系统、监管平台、路基、金融支付系统在一个P2P共识网络中建立而成;同时P2P共识网络设置管理节点、背书节点和记账节点,共同合作实现智能合约的执行以及区块链新块区的生成;各个参与节点共同维护一份账本,账本中记录车队协同驾驶过程中的智能合约执行结果;各个参与节点在车辆自组织车队的过程中,完成与各个相关系统的对接;The blockchain infrastructure is established in a P2P consensus network by participating in the node car company system, supervision platform, roadbed, and financial payment system; at the same time, the P2P consensus network is set up with management nodes, endorsement nodes and accounting nodes, which are jointly realized. The execution of smart contracts and the generation of new blocks in the blockchain; each participating node maintains a ledger together, and the ledger records the smart contract execution results during the collaborative driving process of the fleet; each participating node completes the process of self-organizing the fleet of vehicles. Interfacing with various related systems;
车队后车实时采集来自车辆的数据,与前车保持V2V实时通信,进行协同自动驾驶,车辆离队、到达目的地等事件会触发智能合约,将相关车辆数据收集,并有效利用路基设施的边缘计算能力,发布到区块链中。The vehicles behind the fleet collect data from the vehicles in real time, maintain V2V real-time communication with the vehicles in front, and perform collaborative automatic driving. Events such as vehicle departure and arrival at the destination will trigger smart contracts to collect relevant vehicle data and effectively utilize the edge computing of roadbed facilities. capabilities, published in the blockchain.
此外,本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,存在监管平台对车辆及路基设施进行审核,通过第三方数字证书认证中心为其发放数字证书,如附图1所示;并且第三方数字证书认证中心为区块链基础设施搭建发放身份证书及通信证书。In addition, this embodiment is based on the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system, and there is a supervision platform to review vehicles and roadbed facilities, and issue digital certificates for them through a third-party digital certificate certification center, as shown in Figure 1; and the third The three-party digital certificate certification center issues identity certificates and communication certificates for the construction of blockchain infrastructure.
本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统中,车辆通过GPS位置传感器进行定位,安装有V2X通信装置,实现V2X覆盖区域内车辆与车辆、车辆与路基的双向通信,完成临时车队的组队协商,并将协商结果发送给路基。第三方数字证书认证中心负责发放数字证书,实现参与节点间安全通信和身份认证,并通过监管平台对车辆资产及路基设施发放数字证书,保证其身份的可信。In the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system in this embodiment, the vehicle is positioned by the GPS position sensor, and the V2X communication device is installed to realize the two-way communication between the vehicle and the vehicle, the vehicle and the roadbed in the V2X coverage area, and complete the temporary fleet. Team up to negotiate and send the negotiation result to the roadbed. The third-party digital certificate certification center is responsible for issuing digital certificates to realize secure communication and identity authentication among participating nodes, and issues digital certificates to vehicle assets and roadbed facilities through the supervision platform to ensure the credibility of their identities.
本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统中,区块链基础设施是由区块链基础设施运营商提供,在一个P2P共识网络中建立区块链基础设施,通过创建一个代币,并为其分配移动价值,作为自组织车队的支付货币,同时将区块链中待执行的智能合约程序公开,供各个参与节点检查和调用,所有的智能合约执行结果都将记录在区块链中;所述P2P共识网络是没有中心节点、通过节点间进行消息交换的网络体系。In the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system in this embodiment, the blockchain infrastructure is provided by the blockchain infrastructure operator, and the blockchain infrastructure is established in a P2P consensus network. By creating a token , and assign mobile value to it as the payment currency of the self-organized fleet, and at the same time, the smart contract program to be executed in the blockchain is made public for each participating node to check and call, and all smart contract execution results will be recorded in the block In the chain; the P2P consensus network is a network system that does not have a central node and exchanges messages between nodes.
附图2为所述区块链结构示意图,如附图2所示,区块链中记录的数据是智能合约执行结果,其Block区块结构包括版本号、时间戳、合约Merkle树根摘要、合约执行结果、前区块摘要值和本区块摘要值(标识),其中交易结构记录智能合约,包括车辆认证智能合约、代币充值智能合约和车队协同驾驶智能合约。其中,车队协同驾驶智能合约将会规定车辆的计费规则、收益分配以及提前退出的相关扣费等,具体智能合约将确定车辆的行驶路线。本实施例中,为了描述方便,采用SHA256作为摘要算法,SHA256WithRSA作为签名算法,数字证书采用X509格式,数字信封采用PKCS7格式。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the block chain structure. As shown in Figure 2, the data recorded in the block chain is the execution result of the smart contract, and its Block block structure includes version number, timestamp, contract Merkle tree root summary, The contract execution result, the summary value of the previous block and the summary value of this block (identification), in which the transaction structure records the smart contract, including the vehicle authentication smart contract, the token recharge smart contract and the fleet cooperative driving smart contract. Among them, the fleet collaborative driving smart contract will stipulate the billing rules of the vehicle, income distribution and related deductions for early exit, etc. The specific smart contract will determine the driving route of the vehicle. In this embodiment, for the convenience of description, SHA256 is used as the digest algorithm, SHA256WithRSA is used as the signature algorithm, the digital certificate is in X509 format, and the digital envelope is in PKCS7 format.
本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统中,车企系统负责管理其车辆的相关情况,例如标识其是否包含V2X模块等数据;路基是包含网络、计算、存储的资源汇聚点,分布在道路两侧,可以通过V2I(车与网,车辆到基础设施通信系统)实现与车辆的双向通信,将车辆汇集数据,会根据预先制定的规则,向区块链中节点广播消息,触发智能合约的执行;金融支付系统负责代币兑换及相关智能合约的发布;监控平台负责车辆身份的认证。In the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system in this embodiment, the car enterprise system is responsible for managing the relevant conditions of their vehicles, such as identifying whether they contain V2X modules and other data; the roadbed is a resource convergence point including network, computing, and storage. Distributed on both sides of the road, two-way communication with vehicles can be realized through V2I (vehicle-to-network, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication system), the data of vehicles is collected, and messages are broadcast to nodes in the blockchain according to pre-established rules, triggering The execution of smart contracts; the financial payment system is responsible for token exchange and the release of related smart contracts; the monitoring platform is responsible for the authentication of vehicle identity.
本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统中,管理节点负责参与节点的准入;背书节点由区块链P2P共识网络的节点选出,负责智能合约的执行确认;记账节点间达成共识,生成新的区块,并广播到整个P2P共识网络,再由各个参与节点完成确认更新本地账本。In the blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system in this embodiment, the management node is responsible for the admission of participating nodes; the endorsement node is selected by the nodes of the blockchain P2P consensus network, and is responsible for the execution and confirmation of the smart contract; A consensus is reached, a new block is generated, and broadcast to the entire P2P consensus network, and then each participating node completes the confirmation and updates the local ledger.
采用本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,进行高速车队自组织协同驾驶,通过这一过程,来详细了解该车队自组织系统的技术特征和技术特点。高速车队自组织协同驾驶的实现过程如附图3所示,具体步骤包括:The blockchain-based V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system in this embodiment is used to carry out high-speed fleet self-organized cooperative driving. Through this process, the technical characteristics and technical characteristics of the fleet self-organization system can be learned in detail. The realization process of self-organized cooperative driving of high-speed fleet is shown in Figure 3, and the specific steps include:
步骤1、由区块链基础设施运营商提供,各个参与节点车企系统、路基、金融支付系统、监管平台在一个P2P共识网络中建立区块链基础设施,形成P2P共识网络;Step 1. Provided by the blockchain infrastructure operator, each participating node vehicle enterprise system, roadbed, financial payment system, and supervision platform establish a blockchain infrastructure in a P2P consensus network to form a P2P consensus network;
步骤2、在区块链共识网络中选出管理节点、背书节点和记账节点,并由第三方数字证书认证中心发放数字证书,实现节点间的互信;Step 2. Select management nodes, endorsement nodes and accounting nodes in the blockchain consensus network, and issue digital certificates by a third-party digital certificate certification center to achieve mutual trust between nodes;
步骤3、公开区块链基础设施中执行的高速车队协同驾驶智能合约代码,放入智能合约开发者社区,供各个参与节点和开发者进行代码审查;Step 3. Disclose the smart contract code for high-speed fleet collaborative driving executed in the blockchain infrastructure, and put it into the smart contract developer community for code review by participating nodes and developers;
步骤4、车辆通过其车载装置,产生非对称密钥对,将其车辆基本信息使用监管平台的公钥进行加密,并进行签名,发送给监管平台;Step 4. The vehicle generates an asymmetric key pair through its on-board device, encrypts its basic vehicle information with the public key of the supervision platform, signs it, and sends it to the supervision platform;
步骤5、监管平台接收到数据,验证其合法性,并通过自身的车辆监管认证系统进行认证,认证通过则通过第三方数字证书认证中心发放数字证书,同时将多条认证结果计算摘要并进行签名,发起车辆认证智能合约;Step 5. The supervision platform receives the data, verifies its legitimacy, and certifies it through its own vehicle supervision and certification system. If the certification is passed, a digital certificate is issued by a third-party digital certificate certification center, and at the same time, the summary of multiple certification results is calculated and signed. , initiate a vehicle authentication smart contract;
步骤6、背书节点执行智能合约并将结果发给记账节点,并由记账节点达成共识,生成新的区块,完成车辆认证;Step 6. The endorsement node executes the smart contract and sends the result to the accounting node, and the accounting node reaches a consensus, generates a new block, and completes the vehicle certification;
步骤7、通过金融支付系统利用区块链基础设施,统一发行代币,完成法定货币和代币的兑换,并将多条代币兑换数据计算摘要并进行签名,发起代币兑换智能合约;Step 7. Use the blockchain infrastructure through the financial payment system to uniformly issue tokens, complete the exchange of legal currency and tokens, and calculate and sign the summary of multiple token exchange data, and initiate a token exchange smart contract;
步骤8、背书节点执行智能合约并将结果发给记账节点,并由记账节点达成共识,生成新的区块,完成代币兑换;Step 8. The endorsement node executes the smart contract and sends the result to the accounting node, and the accounting node reaches a consensus, generates a new block, and completes the token exchange;
步骤9、车辆通过V2X通信自组网,发送其车辆基本信息、行驶路线及车队组队要求,同时利用车辆本地私钥进行数字签名;Step 9. The vehicle sends its basic vehicle information, driving route and team formation requirements through the V2X communication ad hoc network, and uses the vehicle's local private key to digitally sign;
步骤10、V2X网络中的路基将数据汇集,根据高速车队协同驾驶智能合约预先设定的规则,生成智能合约,并在V2X网络广播;Step 10. The roadbed in the V2X network collects the data, generates a smart contract according to the rules preset by the high-speed fleet cooperative driving smart contract, and broadcasts it on the V2X network;
步骤11、V2X网络中的车辆收到来自其他车辆及路基的智能合约,综合接收数据、本地车辆状况及组队要求,发送智能合约确认信息;Step 11. Vehicles in the V2X network receive smart contracts from other vehicles and roadbeds, comprehensively receive data, local vehicle conditions and team requirements, and send smart contract confirmation information;
步骤12、V2X网络中的路基收到足够多的确认信息,在P2P共识网络中发布车队协同驾驶智能合约;Step 12. The roadbed in the V2X network receives enough confirmation information, and publishes the fleet cooperative driving smart contract in the P2P consensus network;
步骤13、车辆形成车队,由车辆触发车队协同驾驶智能合约;Step 13. The vehicle forms a fleet, and the vehicle triggers the fleet collaborative driving smart contract;
步骤14、协同驾驶智能合约将自动执行检查车队车辆的代币余额,余额不足则终止合约;Step 14. The collaborative driving smart contract will automatically check the token balance of the fleet vehicles. If the balance is insufficient, the contract will be terminated;
步骤15、车队通过V2X实现协同驾驶,行驶过程中,出现车辆离开,通过车辆的智能传感设备收集数量,将车辆行驶数据汇集到路基,由其触发执行车队协同驾驶智能合约,跳转到步骤17;Step 15. The team realizes cooperative driving through V2X. During the driving process, the vehicle leaves, collects the quantity through the intelligent sensing device of the vehicle, collects the driving data of the vehicle to the roadbed, and triggers the execution of the team cooperative driving smart contract, and jumps to the step 17;
步骤16、车队到达目的地,则由车队车辆确认行程结束,并将确认信息发送给路基,由其触发执行车队协同驾驶智能合约;Step 16. When the fleet arrives at the destination, the fleet vehicle confirms the end of the trip, and sends the confirmation information to the roadbed, which triggers the execution of the fleet cooperative driving smart contract;
步骤17、协同驾驶智能合约将自动根据合约内容执行,背书节点执行车队协同驾驶智能合约,收集到足够的背书后将结果发送给记账节点,并由记账节点达成共识,生成新的区块,按照预先设定的计费规则完成代币扣款;Step 17. The collaborative driving smart contract will be automatically executed according to the contract content. The endorsement node executes the fleet collaborative driving smart contract. After collecting enough endorsements, the result will be sent to the accounting node, and the accounting node will reach a consensus and generate a new block. , complete the token deduction according to the pre-set billing rules;
步骤18、区块链参与节点通过P2P共识网络获取最新区块链数据,更新各自本地账本记录。Step 18: The blockchain participating nodes obtain the latest blockchain data through the P2P consensus network, and update their local ledger records.
综上可知,本实施例基于区块链的V2X高速车队自组织系统,充分考虑到车辆对于计算资源的限制,有效利用V2X网络中的路侧资源,实现V2X本地网络的车辆共识及智能合约相关操作;智能合约明确了临时车队各方收益,实现了节省成本收益的合理分配,以车辆为中心的局部区域化的车队管理方式,使其随时随地可以组成车队,消除了传统车队由于某些车辆晚点造成的时间成本,并且实现了高速车队的协同驾驶,提高了临时车队组队效率和用户组队体验,节约了车队管理成本,进而降低车辆运营成本,减少环境污染排放,同时在一定程度上避免了车辆不文明驾驶带来的安全隐患,提高了整体车队的行车安全。另外,车队行驶涉及安全问题,监管平台的加入有效的解决了身份认证问题,智能合约的执行过程保存到区块链中的是摘要签名值,这在保证其数据完整性和真实性的同时,也有效的保护了客户隐私。To sum up, the V2X high-speed fleet self-organization system based on the blockchain in this embodiment fully takes into account the limitation of vehicles on computing resources, effectively utilizes the roadside resources in the V2X network, and realizes the vehicle consensus of the V2X local network and related smart contracts. Operation; The smart contract clarifies the benefits of all parties in the temporary fleet, and realizes a reasonable distribution of cost-saving benefits. The vehicle-centered localized fleet management method enables it to form a fleet anytime and anywhere, eliminating the need for traditional fleets due to certain vehicles. The time cost caused by delay, and the collaborative driving of high-speed fleets is realized, which improves the efficiency of temporary fleet formation and user team formation experience, saves fleet management costs, thereby reduces vehicle operating costs, and reduces environmental pollution emissions. At the same time, to a certain extent It avoids the potential safety hazards caused by uncivilized driving of vehicles and improves the driving safety of the entire fleet. In addition, fleet driving involves security issues. The addition of the supervision platform effectively solves the problem of identity authentication. The execution process of the smart contract is stored in the blockchain with the digest signature value, which ensures the integrity and authenticity of its data. It also effectively protects customer privacy.
以上应用具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了详细阐述,这些实施例只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心技术内容,并不用于限制本发明的保护范围,本发明的技术方案不限制于上述具体实施方式内。基于本发明的上述具体实施例,本技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,对本发明所作出的任何改进和修饰,皆应落入本发明的专利保护范围。The principles and implementations of the present invention have been described in detail using specific examples above. These examples are only used to help understand the core technical content of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to in the above-mentioned specific embodiments. Based on the above-mentioned specific embodiments of the present invention, any improvements and modifications made to the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
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