CN108492371A - A kind of three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method towards fire - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method towards fire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method towards fire that the invention discloses a kind of, to simulate three-dimensional building model texture variations, using based on the method mixed with three-dimensional building model original texture after the two-dimentional Noise texture textures of fractal noise generation；The automation that normal map is completed based on PhotoShop is generated and is attached to three-dimensional building modeling crack；And broken simulation can be carried out to three-dimensional building model.The present invention more can comprehensively show a variety of variations that building structure may occur in a fire, make up the implacable defect of existing method single effect, real-time, to provide a kind of methods and techniques means of raising sense of reality experience for fields such as virtual reality, vision simulations, so that people is more intuitively experienced fire hazard simultaneously, improves the prevention awareness to fire.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of Computer Graphics, specifically a kind of three-dimensional building model dynamic towards fire can
Depending on changing method.
Background technology
Virtual reality has welcome another fast development, fusion calculation machine, multimedia, man-machine friendship in recent years
Mutually, the characteristics of related disciplines such as computer graphics, has been furthered virtually significantly at a distance from reality.What is created using computer
In three-dimensional virtual world, people can not only see, listen, and be carried out in the world that can more reach out one's hands residing for oneself freely mutual
Dynamic, certainly, more true, higher requirements are also raised for the better virtual world of interactivity to using computer to build by people,
Previous simple reality scene reproduction becomes increasingly difficult to meet demand.Simple physical line is much seemed in real world
It is difficult for the process that carries out analogue simulation in a computer, become a bottleneck for restricting sense of reality experience.Among these,
Analog simulation for fire scenario is always researcher and the research direction that engineering staff pays close attention to how
The variation of building structure etc. is both that the key of sense of reality experience can also in virtual environment by raising people in true reappearance fire
Make people have the harm of fire more intuitively, clearly to recognize.
In the analog simulation method of existing fire scenario, based on finite element method, by being arranged in finite element software
Relevant parameter is tested, and the destruction situation that developing fire and fire are brought is simulated.But the result of such method is all with two-dimentional shape
Formula is presented, often not intuitive enough, and such method includes a large amount of numerical computations, less efficient, is not suitable for more to real-time
The fields such as the virtual reality that property has higher requirements.
Among these, also long-standing to the analog simulation of object breakoff phenomenon, analogy method is broadly divided into two classes, when
Method based on physics, second is that the method based on geometry.Method based on physics is needed with subjects such as the mechanics of materials, fracture mechanicses
Domain knowledge is background, behavior progress analysis mode when bond material self-characteristic is to its stress, due to needing to follow strictly object
Rule is managed, i.e., causes object to destroy by outer force effect, recurring structure is impaired between eventually leading to interior of articles each section, and then outer
Change to surface, cracks or directly result in object and broken, generation fragment occurs.Simulation to the process generally requires to establish
Complicated mathematical model renders display in conjunction with the method for computer graphics.But the stress of large amount of complex should be contained in the process
Analysis when being solved to the mathematical model of foundation, faces complicated integro-differential equation and solves, this is all to analogue simulation again
Real-time proposes very high requirement, even in today that computing capability is greatly improved, this method is still difficult to use
In real-time scene, but more appear in Military Simulation, engineering field etc.；Though the existing method energy based on geometry
Meet real-time needs, but there are still the single problems of simulated effect, can neither consider object in different failure stages
External manifestation diversified cannot simulate effect when object destroys again.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, and it is dynamic to provide a kind of three-dimensional building model towards fire
State method for visualizing makes up existing to more can comprehensively show the various change that building structure may occur in a fire
The implacable defect of method single effect, real-time, to provide a kind of improve very for fields such as virtual reality, vision simulations
The methods and techniques means of true feeling experience, while people being made more intuitively to experience fire hazard, improve the prevention awareness to fire.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of the characteristics of three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method towards fire of the present invention is to carry out as follows：
Step 1 generates two-dimentional Noise texture textures T using fractal noise algorithm1, and made an uproar to the two dimension using formula (1)
Sound texture mapping T1With the surface texture textures T of three-dimensional building model2Texture blend is done, the three-dimensional building model after being changed
Surface texture textures T：
T=T1×x+(1-x)×T2 (1)
In formula (1), x is mixed coefficint；
Step 2, the results of fracture simulation that three-dimensional building model is completed based on PhotoShop：
Step 2.1 creates the space rectangles painting canvas that a size is W × H in script, and with the space rectangles
Any one vertex of painting canvas is origin O, and two sides adjacent with the origin O are sat respectively as X-axis and Y-axis to establish
Mark system XOY；
Step 2.2, in the coordinate system XOY, any one origin coordinates point start (x are set1,y1) and terminal point coordinate
Point end (x2,y2)；
Step 2.3, by the starting point beginning coordinate points start (x1,y1) and terminal point coordinate point end (x2,y2) 2 points of institutes are really
Fixed straight line both sides generate n two-dimensional coordinate at random, and carry out ascending sort by its X-coordinate to the n two-dimensional coordinate, obtain
N two-dimensional coordinate after sequence is simultaneously stored in array LineArray [n]；
Step 2.4：Each two-dimensional coordinate in the array LineArray [n] is initialized as PathPointInfo
Class Type；
Step 2.5：The array LineArray [n] is initialized as SubPathInfo Class Types, and as function
The parameter of pathItems.add () is incoming, so that two-dimensional coordinate point energy table adjacent in the array LineArray [n]
It is shown as one section of end to end line segment, and then is obtained with starting point beginning coordinate points start (x1,y1) it is starting point, with terminal point coordinate point
end(x2,y2) it is terminal, and using n two-dimensional coordinate after sequence as the broken line of intermediate node；
Step 2.6：Call function strokePath () uses function charIDToTypeID after drawing out the broken line
(id) NormalMapFilter plug-in units are called, to obtain the normal map corresponding to the broken line, wherein id is plug-in unit
Index number；
Normal map corresponding to the broken line is attached on the three-dimensional building model by step 2.7, to simulate
Go out the crack of the three-dimensional building model；
The broken simulation of step 3, three-dimensional building model：
The three-dimensional building model is mapped on two dimensional surface by step 3.1, to obtain rectangular area L；With the square
Any one vertex in shape region is origin o, and two sides adjacent with the origin o are respectively as x-axis and y-axis, to establish
Coordinate system xoy；
Step 3.2 generates m using function f shown in function f shown in function f shown in formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4)
A seed point coordinates：
F=R (b, t, m) (2)
In formula (2), R () is random number functions, and b and t are any two coordinate points in the coordinate system xoy, and by institute
It states coordinate points b and t and determines that a rectangle frame, the rectangle frame are the formation range of m seed point coordinates；
In formula (3), L indicates that the rectangular area, s are the seed point that any two is adjacent in the m seed point coordinates
The spacing value of coordinate, λ are a disturbance term, and value range is (0, s)；
F=d (pi,G)-r (4)
In formula (4), G is any point coordinate in the rectangular area L, piFor i-th of seed point coordinates, d (pi, G) and it is two
Euclidean distance function between point, r are constant, i=1,2,3...m；
Step 3.3, using the m seed point coordinates generated as the input parameter of scan-line algorithm, utilize the scanning
The rectangular area is divided into m part and records each portion boundary information by line algorithm；
Step 3.4 carries out at triangle gridding the three-dimensional building model according to each portion boundary information
Reason generates m fragment；
Step 3.5 obtains external force F suffered by i-th of fragment using formula (5)i：
In formula (5), F is customized initial external force value size, D (pi, G) be point-to-point transmission Euclidean distance chi square function；
Step 3.6 applies external force F suffered by i-th of fragment to i-th of fragmenti, make i-th of fragment in i-th of fragment
Suffered external force FiLower movement, to simulate the crushing motion of i-th of fragment in three-dimensional building model；
By the normal map corresponding to the surface texture textures T of the three-dimensional building model after the variation, the broken line
Broken simulation with the three-dimensional building model constitutes the dynamic and visual process of the three-dimensional building model.
The characteristics of three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method of the present invention towards fire, lies also in the step
3.5 and step 3.6 can also carry out crushing motion simulation as follows：
It is upper department pattern and lower part sub-model by the three-dimensional building model partition, according to all fragments in the three-dimensional
The fragment for belonging to lower part sub-model is added an identical external force so that belong to lower part by the position in buildings model at random
The fragment of model is subjected to displacement, and the fragment for belonging to department pattern is enabled to fall naturally under the effect of gravity, described in being formed
The phenomenon of caving in of three-dimensional building model.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1, the present invention is when simulating three-dimensional building model surface texture variations, using the method for texture blend, while in line
Mixed coefficint is set in reason mixing, by adjusting the coefficient, the different journeys of three-dimensional building model surface texture variations can be simulated
Degree；
2, the present invention is adopted as the mode that model adds normal map when carrying out the fracture stimulations of three-dimensional building model,
A kind of automatic generating method of normal map is proposed based on PhotoShop simultaneously, can be quickly generated and be met using this method
The normal map of user's desired effect, the production method for comparing existing normal map, this method is more efficient, full automation,
Being not required to user, excessively intervention can be completed；
3, the present invention simulate three-dimensional building model it is broken when, be divided into model facetization with it is broken after movement two parts into
Row so that Integral-crushing simulates effect more rich in the sense of reality；
4, the present invention to model when carrying out subdivision, it is proposed that 3 kinds of different subdivision methods, and it is complete based on method of geometry
At the physical computing without large amount of complex so that method not only meets real-time demand, but also increases the more of model crushing effect
Sample；
5, the present invention proposes 2 kinds of different movement analog forms when being moved after simulation model is broken, same without carrying out
Complicated physical computing so that the diversity of broken simulation effect is increased while the whole efficiency of method is ensured.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is three-dimensional building model surface texture variations simulation drawing in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is three-dimensional building model results of fracture simulation figure in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that three-dimensional building model is crushed simulation drawing in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution for a better understanding of the present invention, is described further below by way of the drawings and specific embodiments.
Building structure often shows a variety of variations in a fire, according to present method invention to three-dimensional building model in fire
Variation under scene is simulated, and flow diagram is as shown in Figure 1, to pending three-dimensional building model, in order to simulate its table
Face texture variations generate two-dimentional Noise texture by fractal algorithm first, it is mixed that texture are then done with the original texture of three-dimensional building model
Conjunction；When carrying out results of fracture simulation to three-dimensional building model, script Automatic strain line is passed through based on PhotoShop
The normal map that this is automatically generated is attached to the crack of three-dimensional building modeling three-dimensional building model surface appearance by reason；It is right
When three-dimensional building model carries out broken analogue simulation, it is necessary first to three-dimensional building model is mapped to two dimensional surface, it is flat in two dimension
It adopts within the scope of face and two dimensional surface is divided using scan-line algorithm after generating seed point by some way, then record divides
Each portion boundary information afterwards, and triangle gridding is carried out to three-dimensional building model according to the boundary information and generates fragment；Most
Afterwards, in order to simulate fragment movement, external force is applied in some way to fragment.
Specifically, a kind of process of the three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method towards fire is as follows：
Step 1 generates two-dimentional Noise texture textures T using fractal noise algorithm1, and using formula (1) to two-dimentional noise line
Manage textures T1With the surface texture textures T of three-dimensional building model2Texture blend is done, the table of the three-dimensional building model after being changed
Face texture mapping T：
T=T1×x+(1-x)×T2 (1)
In formula (1), x is mixed coefficint, and in this embodiment, it is 0.3 to take x values.Result such as Fig. 2 institutes after texture blend
Show.
Step 2, the results of fracture simulation that three-dimensional building model is completed based on PhotoShop：
Step 2.1 creates the space rectangles painting canvas that a size is W × H in script, and with space rectangles painting canvas
Any one vertex be origin O, adjacent with origin O two sides are respectively as X-axis and Y-axis, to establish coordinate system XOY；
In the present embodiment, space rectangles canvas size is 400 × 300, and it is origin O to take rectangle painting canvas lower-left angular vertex, with level
With the vertex adjacent edge as X-axis, vertical direction establishes coordinate system with the vertex adjacent edge as Y-axis in direction.
Step 2.2, in coordinate system XOY, any one origin coordinates point start (x are set1,y1) and terminal point coordinate point
end(x2,y2), more meet expected normal map in order to obtain, general two coordinate points of starting point and terminal that are arranged are located at rectangle
Near the diagonal line of painting canvas；In the present embodiment, start (x1,y1) coordinate is chosen for (320,10), end (x2,y2) coordinate is
(15,270)。
Step 2.3, by starting point beginning coordinate points start (x1,y1) and terminal point coordinate point end (x2,y2) determined by 2 points
Straight line both sides generate n two-dimensional coordinate at random, should not mistake to the value setting of n in order to keep algorithm performs efficiency as efficient as possible
Greatly, n takes 50 in the present embodiment, and carries out ascending sort using quick sorting algorithm by its X-coordinate to n two-dimensional coordinate, obtains
N two-dimensional coordinate after sequence is simultaneously stored in array LineArray [n]；
Step 2.4：Each two-dimensional coordinate in array LineArray [n] is initialized as PathPointInfo class classes
Type；
Step 2.5：Array LineArray [n] is initialized as SubPathInfo Class Types, and as function
The parameter of pathItems.add () is incoming, so that two-dimensional coordinate point adjacent in array LineArray [n] can be expressed as
One section of end to end line segment, and then obtain with starting point beginning coordinate points start (x1,y1) it is starting point, with terminal point coordinate point end
(x2,y2) it is terminal, and using n two-dimensional coordinate after sequence as the broken line of intermediate node；
Step 2.6：Call function strokePath () uses function charIDToTypeID (id) after drawing out broken line
NormalMapFilter plug-in units being called, to obtain the normal map corresponding to broken line, wherein id is plug-in unit index number,
Id numbers can need to be set according to the actual conditions of oneself because of different software environments difference；
Normal map corresponding to broken line is attached on three-dimensional building model by step 2.7, is built to simulate three-dimensional
Build the crack of model.Obtained normal map is attached to after three-dimensional building model and has obtained result as shown in Figure 3.
The broken simulation of step 3, three-dimensional building model：
Three-dimensional building model is mapped on two dimensional surface by step 3.1, to obtain rectangular area L,；With rectangular area
Any one vertex be origin o, adjacent with origin o two sides are respectively as x-axis and y-axis, to establish coordinate system xoy；
In the present embodiment, it is 800 × 600 that three-dimensional building model is mapped to the rectangular area L sizes obtained after two dimensional surface, and with
The top left corner apex of rectangular area is origin o, and x-axis, vertical direction and the vertex are used as using horizontal direction and the vertex adjacent edge
Adjacent edge establishes coordinate system as y-axis.
Step 3.2 generates m using function f shown in function f shown in function f shown in formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4)
A seed point coordinates：
F=R (b, t, m) (2)
In formula (2), R () is random number functions, and b and t are any two coordinate points in coordinate system xoy, and by coordinate points b
Determine that a rectangle frame, rectangle frame are the formation range of m seed point coordinates with t；
In formula (3), L indicates rectangular area, and s is between the adjacent seed point coordinates of any two in m seed point coordinates
Every value, λ is a disturbance term, can make the seed point generated excessively sparse when λ values are larger, on the contrary, seed when λ values are smaller
Point can be excessively dense, influences subsequent algorithm execution efficiency, therefore, in order to simulate better crushing effect, generally enables λ value models
It encloses for (0, s)；
F=d (pi,G)-r (4)
In formula (4), G is any point coordinate in the L of rectangular area, piFor i-th of seed point coordinates, d (pi, G) and it is point-to-point transmission
Euclidean distance function, r is constant, i=1,2,3...m；Enable f=d (pi, G) though the seed points that also generate of-r=0 be located at
G be the center of circle using r as on the circumference of radius when, the crushing effect of certain specific type three-dimensional building model components can be simulated.
In the present embodiment using function f shown in formula (2) as seed point generating mode, m=70, b and the t is taken to be respectively
(0,0), (500,700).
Step 3.3, using the m seed point coordinates generated as the input parameter of scan-line algorithm, calculated using scan line
Rectangular area is divided into m part and records each portion boundary information by method；
Step 3.4 carries out the triangle gridding processing (triangulation network according to each portion boundary information to three-dimensional building model
When formatting, the coordinate system specification in used software environment should be noted, in order to avoid obtain the gridding result of mistake) to generate m broken
Block；It is this to model partition generate fragment method, operated by being then based on method of geometry, thus can ensure quickly,
Efficiently.
Step 3.5 obtains external force F suffered by i-th of fragment using formula (5)i：
In formula (5), F is customized initial external force value size, D (pi, G) be point-to-point transmission Euclidean distance chi square function；
Step 3.6 applies external force F suffered by i-th of fragment to i-th of fragmenti, make i-th of fragment suffered by i-th of fragment
External force FiLower movement, to simulate the crushing motion of i-th of fragment in three-dimensional building model；In this embodiment, F values are
100, G be (400,300).Broken analog result is as shown in Figure 4.
By corresponding to the surface texture textures T of the three-dimensional building model after changing, broken line normal map and three-dimensional build
The broken simulation for building model constitutes the dynamic and visual process of three-dimensional building model.
In addition, step 3.5 and step 3.6 can also carry out crushing motion simulation as follows：
It is upper department pattern and lower part sub-model by three-dimensional building model partition, according to all fragments in the three-dimensional building
The fragment for belonging to lower part sub-model is added an identical external force so that belong to lower part sub-model by the position in model at random
Fragment be subjected to displacement, and enable and belong to the fragment of department pattern and fall naturally under the effect of gravity, to form the three-dimensional
The phenomenon of caving in of buildings model.
In conclusion should be towards in the three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method of fire, simulation is fiery in different ways
The various change that building structure may occur in calamity.Wherein, the texture variations that may occur for simulant building model surface use
The method for generating Noise texture based on fractal noise and carrying out texture blend with the original texture of three-dimensional building model；In three-dimensional building
When the fracture stimulations of model, it is adopted as it and adds the mode of a normal map, compared to using physical method simulation fracture, the party
Method is simple, efficiently and can obtain and preferably simulates effect；When simulating the crushing effect of three-dimensional building model, in method of geometry base
It is improved on plinth, considerably increases the diversity of broken simulation.It, can more comprehensively by the simulation to three above process
The various change that generates in a fire of emulation building structure, and simulation result is presented with three-dimensional view angle, more intuitively, raw
It is dynamic.Further, since the present invention during the entire process of analogue simulation based on method of geometry, be not related to complicated physical analysis
Journey, therefore computation amount can meet real-time demand completely.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method towards fire, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows：
Step 1 generates two-dimentional Noise texture textures T using fractal noise algorithm1, and using formula (1) to the two-dimentional Noise texture
Textures T1With the surface texture textures T of three-dimensional building model2Texture blend is done, the surface of the three-dimensional building model after being changed
Texture mapping T：
T=T1×x+(1-x)×T2 (1)
In formula (1), x is mixed coefficint；
Step 2, the results of fracture simulation that three-dimensional building model is completed based on PhotoShop：
Step 2.1 creates the space rectangles painting canvas that a size is W × H in script, and with the space rectangles painting canvas
Any one vertex be origin O, two sides adjacent with the origin O are respectively as X-axis and Y-axis, to establish coordinate system
XOY；
Step 2.2, in the coordinate system XOY, any one origin coordinates point start (x are set1,y1) and terminal point coordinate point
end(x2,y2)；
Step 2.3, by the starting point beginning coordinate points start (x1,y1) and terminal point coordinate point end (x2,y2) determined by 2 points
Straight line both sides generate n two-dimensional coordinate at random, and carry out ascending sort by its X-coordinate to the n two-dimensional coordinate, are sorted
Rear n two-dimensional coordinate is simultaneously stored in array LineArray [n]；
Step 2.4：Each two-dimensional coordinate in the array LineArray [n] is initialized as PathPointInfo class classes
Type；
Step 2.5：The array LineArray [n] is initialized as SubPathInfo Class Types, and as function
The parameter of pathItems.add () is incoming, so that two-dimensional coordinate point energy table adjacent in the array LineArray [n]
It is shown as one section of end to end line segment, and then is obtained with starting point beginning coordinate points start (x1,y1) it is starting point, with terminal point coordinate point
end(x2,y2) it is terminal, and using n two-dimensional coordinate after sequence as the broken line of intermediate node；
Step 2.6：Call function strokePath () uses function charIDToTypeID (id) after drawing out the broken line
NormalMapFilter plug-in units are called, to obtain the normal map corresponding to the broken line, wherein id indexes for plug-in unit
Number；
Normal map corresponding to the broken line is attached on the three-dimensional building model by step 2.7, to simulate
State the crack of three-dimensional building model；
The broken simulation of step 3, three-dimensional building model：
The three-dimensional building model is mapped on two dimensional surface by step 3.1, to obtain rectangular area L；With the rectangle region
Any one vertex in domain is origin o, and two sides adjacent with the origin o are respectively as x-axis and y-axis, to establish coordinate
It is xoy；
Step 3.2 generates m kinds using function f shown in function f shown in function f shown in formula (2) or formula (3) or formula (4)
Sub- point coordinates：
F=R (b, t, m) (2)
In formula (2), R () is random number functions, and b and t are any two coordinate points in the coordinate system xoy, and by the seat
Punctuate b and t determine that a rectangle frame, the rectangle frame are the formation range of m seed point coordinates；
In formula (3), L indicates that the rectangular area, s are the seed point coordinates that any two is adjacent in the m seed point coordinates
Spacing value, λ be a disturbance term, value range be (0, s)；
F=d (pi,G)-r (4)
In formula (4), G is any point coordinate in the rectangular area L, piFor i-th of seed point coordinates, d (pi, G) and it is point-to-point transmission
Euclidean distance function, r is constant, i=1,2,3...m；
Step 3.3, using the m seed point coordinates generated as the input parameter of scan-line algorithm, utilize the scan line to calculate
The rectangular area is divided into m part and records each portion boundary information by method；
Step 3.4 carries out triangle gridding processing according to each portion boundary information to the three-dimensional building model, raw
At m fragment；
Step 3.5 obtains external force F suffered by i-th of fragment using formula (5)i：
In formula (5), F is customized initial external force value size, D (pi, G) be point-to-point transmission Euclidean distance chi square function；
Step 3.6 applies external force F suffered by i-th of fragment to i-th of fragmenti, make i-th of fragment suffered by i-th of fragment
External force FiLower movement, to simulate the crushing motion of i-th of fragment in three-dimensional building model；
By corresponding to the surface texture textures T of the three-dimensional building model after the variation, the broken line normal map and institute
The broken simulation for stating three-dimensional building model constitutes the dynamic and visual process of the three-dimensional building model.
2. the three-dimensional building model dynamic and visual method according to claim 1 towards fire, characterized in that the step
Rapid 3.5 and step 3.6 can also carry out crushing motion simulation as follows：
It is upper department pattern and lower part sub-model by the three-dimensional building model partition, according to all fragments in the three-dimensional building
The fragment for belonging to lower part sub-model is added an identical external force so that belong to lower part sub-model by the position in model at random
Fragment be subjected to displacement, and enable and belong to the fragment of department pattern and fall naturally under the effect of gravity, to form the three-dimensional
The phenomenon of caving in of buildings model.
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| CN110021056A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-16 | 珠海金山网络游戏科技有限公司 | A kind of broken modeling method of model and device calculate equipment and storage medium |
| CN110196746A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-03 | 网易（杭州）网络有限公司 | Interactive interface rendering method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium |
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