CN112132962A - Virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method - Google Patents

Virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method Download PDF

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CN112132962A
CN112132962A CN202011059787.0A CN202011059787A CN112132962A CN 112132962 A CN112132962 A CN 112132962A CN 202011059787 A CN202011059787 A CN 202011059787A CN 112132962 A CN112132962 A CN 112132962A
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肖乾
黄敏
高雪山
史开志
彭莉
罗国亮
李萍
余子建
黄勉
张利辉
黄欢
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Abstract

The invention provides a virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a VR initial model of a target overhaul object; carrying out scene building and program development on the initial model; and after the interaction effect is packaged and released in a Web GL form, the interaction effect after the processing is finished is checked at the mobile phone side. The technology such as AR/VR, internet, computer communication combines with on-the-spot operation environment and operation flow lifelike reduction in virtual space, and each maintenance spare part structure composition, theory of operation, maintenance flow, dismouting operation flow and technology etc. are demonstrateed in the dynamicity, deploy this virtual system in the high in the clouds simultaneously, provide more convenient, directly perceived autonomic learning mode for the staff.

Description

Virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban rail vehicle overhauling operation, in particular to a virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle overhauling operation process research method.
Background
With the rapid development of urban scale and economic construction in China, the urbanization process is gradually accelerated, and the average annual demand of urban rail transit vehicles in China is expected to exceed 5000 vehicles in the coming decade under the guidance and support of national macro policies. In the face of such a huge industrial scale, a large number of rail transit professionals are urgently needed to ensure the safety of subway vehicle operation.
The VR technology is a virtual reality technology, which is mainly based on modern advanced technologies such as information technology and multimedia technology, and realizes virtual simulation by means of sensors, human-computer interfaces, etc., so that the simulation environment is close to the real environment to the maximum extent, and users can meet various experience requirements in the virtual environment and can effectively communicate with systems in the environment. The VR technology organically integrates a modern intelligent technology, a sensor technology, a computer technology and the like, is characterized by being associativity, interactivity and immersion, can enable all users to generate a feeling of being intoxicated in the VR technology, comprehensively activates the senses of hearing, vision and the like of the users, and sensitively experiences the conversion of various scenes, and can be said to be subversive innovation of human beings and machines on interactive forms and interactive contents. Virtual reality not only enables participants to view a virtual situation, but also enables the participants to be connected with things in the situation in an interactive mode, and finally, cognition of the real world is built.
Based on the field condition that the actual maintenance operation efficiency and quality are low due to the fact that the field maintenance procedures of the rail vehicle are complex and tedious and the skills of operators are limited, the VR technology is applied to daily maintenance of the rail vehicle, a set of virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method is developed, and the problems that professional knowledge of workers is weak, the actual operation capacity is insufficient, faults are randomized and complicated, the contents of a maintenance manual are lagged and scattered, and the like in maintenance work are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method, wherein the research contents mainly comprise urban rail vehicle maintenance operation scenes, maintenance objects, maintenance tools, maintenance actions and the like contained in the maintenance process, and the purpose is to enable users to have high immersion and interactive experience.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process research method comprises the following steps:
constructing a VR initial model of a target overhaul object;
carrying out scene construction and program development on the VR initial model;
after scene building and program development are finished, a single accessible virtual system is packaged and issued in a Web GL mode, and the interaction effect after processing is finished is checked at the mobile phone side.
Further, the step of constructing the VR initial model of the target overhaul object specifically includes:
constructing a 1: 1 data model by using Pro/E, determining the assembly relation, and exporting in an obj format;
importing the exported model in the obj format into maya software or 3Dmax rendering software for surface reduction processing;
importing the model subjected to the surface reduction processing into substance pointer software for mapping and rendering to obtain a VR initial model;
the VR initial model is exported in FBX form and saved to a preset folder.
Further, the surface reduction processing specifically includes reducing the number of the model surfaces in a 3Dmax rendering software by methods of mapping, deleting overlapped surfaces between models, deleting surfaces invisible at the bottom of the models, and the like, so as to avoid that the number of the model surfaces in the unity3d is large, memory is consumed seriously, and the scene loading speed is slowed.
Further, the step of importing the model subjected to the surface reduction processing into the substance pointer software for mapping and rendering setting specifically includes:
after UV segmentation and processing are carried out in maya software, the images are imported into special mapping software substance pointer software for mapping, and compared with mapping functions carried by maya, the mapping created by the substance pointer software has higher quality and more complete types.
Further, the step of performing scene building and program development on the VR initial model specifically includes:
arranging corresponding material balls in unity3d according to the specific characteristics of the real locomotive component, and performing texture processing;
after texture processing, restoring the VR initial model position in unity3d according to field arrangement, and completing collision detection;
after the complete scene is built, the VR initial model with the collision detection is subjected to illumination calculation and rendering by using a light assembly in unity3 d.
Further, before the step of performing scene building and program development on the VR initial model, a folder is created through unity3d, and the VR initial model is imported into unity3d rendering engine.
Further, importing the VR initial model into a unity3d rendering engine further includes optimizing a three-dimensional assembly path of the model.
Further, the step of performing scene building and program development on the VR initial model further includes:
calling a UI prompt panel of the rendered VR initial model, zooming, rotating and transparently visualizing the model, designing and recording the explosion animation and special effect of the working principle, and making an overhaul guidance animation in a timeline plug-in of unity3 d.
Further, before the step of viewing the processed interaction effect at the mobile phone side, the method further comprises: respectively packaging and issuing a single accessible virtual system in a Web GL form according to the structural hierarchy of the rail vehicle; and setting different functional virtual keys to jump to different knowledge point modules by utilizing the mobile terminal App.
Different from the situation building and development of the UE4, the method has the following advantages:
the method is simple and easy to operate, and the development efficiency is high. The unity3d is developed by using C # language, the interface is concise and easy to use, and the cross-platform release is simple (multi-platform release is developed at one time). The UE4 is developed by using C + + language, and is matched with a visual script editor (Blueprint), a switching platform needs to compile thousands to tens of thousands of shaders, and the switching platform is inconvenient to install, debug and package and consumes too much time.
Secondly, the development is focused on mobile rapid development, the cross-platform characteristic is a bright point of a unity3d engine, the developed product basically supports all the platforms which are popular at present, and the current platforms supporting the UE4 only comprise Windows PC, OS X, Linux, SteamoS, iOS, Android, HTML5, VR, Xbox One and PS 4. Statistically, 90% of VR applications and games on Samsung Gear VR were developed using the unity3d engine.
And since the amount of wild data is large, 24,300,000 related results can be found in the Baidu search Unity course and only 6,600,000 related results can be found in the search UE4 course by 9 months of 2020. The fact that the wild materials are large means that when a user does a project and meets a problem, a solution can be found more easily by searching related network materials, and development efficiency is improved.
Compared with the existing maintenance process, the invention combines technologies such as AR/VR, Internet, computer communication and the like to vividly restore the field operation environment and the operation process in the virtual space, dynamically display the structural composition, the working principle, the maintenance process, the dismounting operation process, the process and the like of each maintenance part, and simultaneously deploy the virtual system in the cloud, thereby providing a more convenient and intuitive autonomous learning mode for workers.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the genetic algorithm steps in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance work process research method, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a VR initial model of a target overhaul object;
carrying out scene construction and program development on the VR initial model;
and after the interaction effect is packaged and released in a Web GL form, the interaction effect after the processing is finished is checked at the mobile phone side. And packaging and releasing the virtual keys into a single accessible virtual system one by a WebGL platform supporting a Web end, and setting different functional virtual keys to jump to different knowledge point modules by utilizing a mobile end App development technology. The technology such as AR/VR, internet, computer communication combines with on-the-spot operation environment and operation flow lifelike reduction in virtual space, and each maintenance spare part structure composition, theory of operation, maintenance flow, dismouting operation flow and technology etc. are demonstrateed in the dynamicity, deploy this virtual system in the high in the clouds simultaneously, provide more convenient, directly perceived autonomic learning mode for the staff.
Specifically, constructing a VR initial model of the target overhaul object comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining field scene data according to drawings, field surveying and mapping and the like, and creating 1: the method comprises the steps of 1, determining an assembly relation of a three-dimensional data model, exporting an obj format, importing the obj format into maya software or 3Dmax rendering software to perform surface reduction processing, reducing a large amount of equipment performance consumption by the operation, being a key step of performance optimization, importing substance pointer software to perform mapping and rendering, greatly improving the reality degree of the model, restoring field equipment, exporting an FBX format to unity3d to perform scene setting and program design, and visually displaying the working flow and key points of the model. Confirming an overhaul process and a technology according to a field operation instruction, designing interactive operation and simulation of a three-dimensional model and a UI interface by using a Unity engine, and respectively packaging and issuing according to the structural hierarchy of the rail vehicle in a Web GL form; and setting different functional virtual keys to jump to different knowledge point modules by utilizing the mobile terminal App development technology.
Specifically, when the VR initial model is subjected to scene building and program development, texture mapping, position attribute setting, collision detection and illumination calculation and rendering on the model are completed sequentially through unity3 d.
Finishing scene rendering of the VR initial model through unity3 d; during specific implementation, the unity3d is adopted to carry out scene construction, art processing and interactive setting on the VR initial model, and after the VR initial model is constructed, further texture processing is needed to improve the fidelity of the model, so that the purpose of enhancing the immersion of the user is achieved. The model texture processing of the invention is mainly completed by adding a material chartlet, the reflectivity, metallicity, material characteristics and the like of the model can be adjusted through the properties of the material ball built in maya software according to the specific characteristics of the part, the chartlet needs to be attached to the material ball, and the source of the chartlet is mainly a real object photo. Before mapping, a Unfold3d plug-in is used for reasonably disassembling UV of the model, and the UV is imported into substance pointer software for drawing and exporting or imported into photoshop software for processing through UV snapshot.
Besides texture processing, lamplight rendering is also an important way to improve the fidelity of the model. The light rendering function is built in both the maya software and the unity3d, but the texture map and the like created in the maya software need to be added again when being imported into the unity3d, so the light rendering work is usually completed in the unity3 d. Based on the light effect of the actual scene, the scene needs to be highly restored by adjusting the parameters such as the intensity of sunlight, a point light source and a reflecting ball in unity3d, and after the setting is finished, light baking and rendering are carried out.
Specifically, before the step of editing and adjusting the relevant attributes of the VR initial model through unity3d, creating a folder through unity3d and importing the VR initial model into a unity3d rendering engine, it should be noted that the step of rendering the VR initial model in a scene further includes optimizing a three-dimensional assembly path of the model.
The assembly path mainly refers to an automatic assembly path planning that when the components are disassembled and then 'one-click restoration' is clicked, the components sequentially return to assembly preset positions (also called disassembly initial positions, namely initial positions and postures of the three-dimensional assembly body model introduced into the virtual environment) according to an assembly sequence, and the purpose of optimizing the path is to avoid collision of the components when the components are restored to the initial positions and make the path shortest and optimal. The optimization of the assembly path not only is beneficial to improving the animation quality, but also can effectively avoid data redundancy.
Besides the automatic assembly of the one-key recovery, the path optimization problem also exists in the manual assembly of the man-machine interaction type. Because there is a certain limitation when the complex three-dimensional model is operated through the mobile phone touch screen, when an operator manually restores the model to an initial position, the system can automatically and accurately assemble components close to a target assembly position within a certain range onto a base body (assembled parts) through an accurate positioning technology according to needs.
In the aspect of virtual assembly path planning, the early most representative methods include a visual graph method, a unit decomposition method, an artificial potential field method and the like, and then Dijkstra algorithm (Daxtera algorithm), a force feedback method, a simulated annealing algorithm and the like are applied more frequently, but the algorithms are often limited greatly, have narrow applicable scenes and poor instantaneity, and cannot efficiently solve the problem of assembly path planning of complex parts. With the rapid development of computer technology, intelligent heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, neural network algorithm and the like appear in the field. The system adopts an assembly path optimization method based on a genetic algorithm, and seeks an optimal solution by simulating biological evolution and a genetic mechanism. The key steps mainly comprise seven steps: initializing, calculating objective function values, evaluating fitness, selecting, crossing, mutating and solving maximum adaptive values and individuals. The core idea is that a population with a proper quantity is randomly created, each individual in the population represents an assembly path, and the length of the individual indicates the length of the path. Through several generations of genetic variation, longer individuals are eliminated, and the best individual meeting the conditions is finally found.
According to the characteristics of a genetic algorithm, each assembly path can be regarded as a unit body in a population, and each path can be dispersed into a set of coordinate points, so that three-dimensional space coordinate point data is adopted to code the paths. Assuming that each path is fitted by 10 points, equally dividing the path along the X axis according to the assembly direction, and optimizing data of the other two coordinate axes, namely
Figure BDA0002712026840000061
xj＝x1+(j-1)i，xjRepresenting the X-axis coordinate corresponding to the j-th point.
In addition, in order to improve the search efficiency, a reasonable search space needs to be established for the algorithm, and the search space is set as follows:
Figure BDA0002712026840000071
path point
Figure BDA0002712026840000072
xj，yj，zjRespectively representing X, Y, Z axis coordinates corresponding to the j-th point. In order to avoid collision between the part and other parts in the moving process, a plurality of equal parts are required to be taken between two adjacent points on the pathAnd (5) checking whether the part is positioned at each halving point and whether collision occurs. Setting the fitness function expression as:
Figure BDA0002712026840000073
in the formula eta1、η2In order to be the weight coefficient,
Figure BDA0002712026840000074
total length of path, f2The total number of equal points where the collision occurred. The program uses roulette selection, two-point crossover and one-point variation, with the end condition set to the number of iterations (as shown in figure 2).
If the purpose of optimizing the assembly path is to ensure the tidiness and order of the picture, the collision detection is to improve the reality of the picture. The most basic condition of path optimization is to avoid collision between parts, and collision detection is mainly used for detecting whether an object in a virtual environment has a collision penetration phenomenon. In order to simplify the model and calculation and improve the efficiency of interference detection and path planning in the assembly process, parts with irregular complex shapes in the system need to be simplified into simpler geometric bodies. The bounding box technology is used, namely a simple-structure geometric body is used for surrounding one or more parts with complex shapes, and the geometric body replaces the parts for collision. If there is no collision between the bounding boxes, it is indicated that no collision occurs between the parts in the bounding boxes. The current common bounding boxes are: sphere bounding box (Sphere bounding box), AABB bounding box (axis aligned bounding box), OBB bounding box (directional bounding box), K-Dop bounding box (discrete directed polyhedron bounding box). Considering that the compactness of the ball bounding box is poor, the OBB bounding box is difficult to construct and high in collision detection complexity, and the K-Dop bounding box is large in storage amount and updating calculation amount, the AABB bounding box which is simplest in structure and has certain advantages in storage amount and collision detection is adopted in the system shown in the table I.
TABLE 1 common bounding Box Performance comparison
Figure BDA0002712026840000075
Figure BDA0002712026840000081
Note: the smaller the number in the table, the better the performance.
Specifically, interactive function setting is carried out on the rendered VR initial model, and a VR model of a target overhaul object is generated;
in the concrete implementation, the embedding of scene interaction is indispensable, and the scene interaction is mainly implemented by software plug-ins and program code control interaction. The interactive function setting comprises calling of a UI prompt panel, control of roles, picking of models and realization of specific functions.
The presentation of a single device needs to be multi-angle and interactive to achieve a free and autonomous interactive experience. Therefore, for the three-dimensional display of the equipment, the touch operation API of the handheld touch screen equipment is called through unity3d to realize the touch sliding and rotating model angle, the sliding and zooming model is expanded by two hands, so that the angle and the size of the model can be changed, meanwhile, the text component of the UGUI is used for rendering, the response of a clicking screen is obtained, the name of a clicking component is obtained, and the name is displayed on a display. Therefore, the structural recognition of the whole or part of the device and the related content thereof are realized by a simple operation.
Firstly, prefabricating a fault point on the site by using unity3d, obtaining a diagnosis result according to the fault point, selecting a correct solution scheme and a correct tool for maintenance, making different animation states for different tools through a dotween animation module, judging whether the tool reaches a tool point position by using a corresponding point adsorption principle, carrying out maintenance operation demonstration by correctly corresponding the tool point position, and prompting operation points and cautions on a screen by using texts, pictures and other forms.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle overhaul operation process research method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a VR initial model of a target overhaul object;
carrying out scene construction and program development on the VR initial model;
after scene building and program development are finished, a single accessible virtual system is packaged and issued in a Web GL mode, and the interaction effect after processing is finished is checked at the mobile phone side.
2. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance work process research method according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the VR initial model of the target maintenance object specifically comprises:
constructing a 1: 1 data model by using Pro/E, determining a model assembly relation, and exporting in an obj format;
importing the exported model in the obj format into maya software or 3Dmax rendering software to perform surface reduction processing;
importing the model subjected to the surface reduction processing into substance pointer software for mapping and rendering to obtain a VR initial model;
the VR initial model is exported in FBX form and saved to a preset folder.
3. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle overhaul operation process research method according to claim 2, wherein the surface reduction processing comprises reducing the number of model surfaces by mapping, deleting overlapped surfaces among models and deleting surfaces invisible at the bottom of the models in 3Dmax rendering software, so as to avoid that the number of models in unity3d is large, memory is consumed seriously, and the scene loading speed is reduced.
4. The method for researching the urban rail vehicle overhauling operation process based on the virtual reality as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step of importing the model subjected to the surface reduction processing into substance pointer software for mapping and rendering comprises the step of importing the model subjected to the surface reduction processing into the substance pointer software for mapping after UV segmentation and processing are carried out in maya software.
5. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle overhaul work process research method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing scene building and program development on the VR initial model specifically comprises the steps of:
arranging corresponding material balls in unity3d according to the specific characteristics of the real locomotive component, and performing texture processing;
after texture processing, restoring the VR initial model position in unity3d according to field arrangement, and completing collision detection;
after the complete scene is built, the VR initial model with the collision detection is subjected to illumination calculation and rendering by using a light assembly in unity3 d.
6. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance work process research method according to claim 5, wherein before the steps of scene construction and program development of the VR initial model, a folder is created through unity3d, and the VR initial model is imported into a unity3d rendering engine for scene rendering.
7. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance work process research method of claim 6, wherein the step of importing the VR initial model into a unity3d rendering engine for scene rendering further comprises optimizing a three-dimensional assembly path of the model.
8. The virtual reality-based urban rail vehicle maintenance work process research method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing scene building and program development on the VR initial model further comprises the steps of: calling a UI prompt panel of the rendered VR initial model, zooming, rotating and transparently visualizing the model, designing and recording the explosion animation and special effect of the working principle, and making an overhaul guidance animation in a timeline plug-in of unity3 d.
9. The method for researching urban rail vehicle maintenance operation process based on virtual reality as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of viewing the interaction effect after the completion of the processing at the mobile phone terminal further comprises: respectively packaging and issuing a single accessible virtual system in a Web GL form according to the structural hierarchy of the rail vehicle; and setting different functional virtual keys to jump to different knowledge point modules by utilizing the mobile terminal App development technology.
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CN114187803A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-15 山东万正网络科技有限公司 Method and system for simulating teaching of vehicle basic components in driver training
CN115762251A (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-07 华东交通大学 Electric locomotive C6 car repairing body assembling method based on virtual reality technology
CN115762251B (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-08-11 华东交通大学 Electric locomotive body assembling method based on virtual reality technology

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