CN108491016B - A kind of best operating point control device and method of undisturbed electrooptic modulator - Google Patents
A kind of best operating point control device and method of undisturbed electrooptic modulator Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0327—Operation of the cell; Circuit arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0423—Input/output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
- H04B10/64—Heterodyne, i.e. coherent receivers where, after the opto-electronic conversion, an electrical signal at an intermediate frequency [IF] is obtained
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
- G05B2219/1161—Signal processing, detect or deliver analog signals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator, it is mainly used for the optics shift frequency based on electrooptic modulator, the present invention includes laser, electrooptic modulator, photo-coupler, biasing control module.Wherein the biasing control module includes opto-electronic transforming signal amplification block, analog-to-digital conversion module, controller, direct current biasing output circuit, chaos signal generator, sinusoidal signal generator and signal mixed circuit；The invention also discloses a kind of implementation methods of the best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator.The best operating point settled at one go control may be implemented in the present invention, improves best operating point playback speed, so that the control efficiency of electrooptic modulator best operating point is higher, the performance of system where further improving the electrooptic modulator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optic communication optical sensing field, especially a kind of best effort of undisturbed electrooptic modulator
Point control device and method.
Background technique
Electrooptic modulator is the device being modulated using the electrooptic effect of certain crystal to optical signal, logical in high-speed light
The fields such as letter, Fibre Optical Sensor are very widely used.Electro-optical Modulation can be divided into longitudinal direction according to the difference of the direction of an electric field applied
Electro-optical Modulation and lateral Electro-optical Modulation；According to the difference of modulation type, electric light phase-modulation and electro-optic intensity modulation can be divided into.Allusion quotation
The electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve of type is shown in that schematic diagram 2, electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve are a cosine function shapes
Curve.For electrooptic modulator, environment temperature, mechanical distortion, mechanical oscillation and the polarization state variation of input light can all draw
The slow drift (Fig. 2 is shown in signal) for playing electrooptic modulator operating point gives electric light tune so as to cause the performance depreciation of electrooptic modulator
The application of device processed brings trouble.Therefore, it is very necessary for electrooptic modulator operating point being automatically tracked and controlled.
In addition, traditional electrooptic modulator biases control when electrooptic modulator operating point is automatically tracked and controlled
Device processed is as shown in figure 3, working point control scheme is often used as feedback using the low-frequency excitation signal inputted at direct current biasing end
Signal, this method often bring a large amount of noise into, so that there is unnecessary noise in succeeding spectral processing.And it controls
Mostly Step wise approximation best operating point when processed, therefore speed is slower, efficiency is lower.In addition, traditional electrooptic modulator biasing control
For device by the way of direct detection feedback light, detectivity is lower, needs biggish feedback light that could support whole device
Correct operation.
Summary of the invention
A kind of undisturbed electric light tune is provided the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art
The best operating point control device and method of device processed, the present invention may be implemented the best operating point settled at one go control, improve
Best operating point playback speed further improves the electric light so that the control efficiency of electrooptic modulator best operating point is higher
The performance of system where modulator.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of best operating point control device of the undisturbed electrooptic modulator proposed according to the present invention, including laser
Device, the first photo-coupler, electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic frequency shifters, the second photo-coupler, third photo-coupler, signal generator and
Bias control module, the biasing control module include photosignal conversion conditioning module, analog-to-digital conversion module, controller and directly
Stream biasing output circuit；Wherein,
Laser, for exporting continuous laser to the first photo-coupler；
First photo-coupler, for continuous laser to be divided into two-way: first via light inputs electrooptic modulator, the second road light
It is input to acousto-optic frequency shifters；
Signal generator, for generating shift frequency sinusoidal signal and modulated signal, shift frequency sinusoidal signal is exported to acousto-optic and is moved
Frequency device, modulated signal are exported to electrooptic modulator；
Electrooptic modulator exports modulated for according to the modulated signal that receives, first via light to be modulated
Light is to the second photo-coupler all the way；
Acousto-optic frequency shifters, for according to the shift frequency sinusoidal signal that receives, the second road light to be carried out shift frequency, after shift frequency the
Two tunnel light outputs are to third photo-coupler；
Second photo-coupler, for modulated first via light to be divided into two-way: the modulated light of the first via is as detection
Light, the modulated light in the second tunnel are input to third photo-coupler；
Third photo-coupler, for the modulated light of the second road light and the second tunnel after shift frequency to be carried out beat frequency, after beat frequency
Optical signal export to photosignal convert conditioning module；
Photosignal converts conditioning module, amplifies filtering for converting optical signal into electric signal, and to electric signal,
The electric signal after improving is exported to analog-to-digital conversion module；
Analog-to-digital conversion module, for the electric signal after conditioning to be converted into digital signal, the digital signal is as feedback letter
Number output is to controller；
Controller obtains electrooptic modulator operating point drift situation for handling the feedback signal of input, according to
The drift situation controls direct current biasing output circuit；
Direct current biasing output circuit, for exporting the direct current biasing input terminal of DC offset voltage signal to electrooptic modulator
Mouthful, so that the operating point of electrooptic modulator is close to best operating point.
It is advanced optimized as a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator of the present invention
Scheme, best operating point are electrooptic modulator Electro-optical Modulation locating when Output optical power minimum under conditions of continuous light works
Device output characteristic curve position.
It is advanced optimized as a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator of the present invention
Scheme, the first photo-coupler and third photo-coupler are 50:50 photo-coupler, and the second photo-coupler is 90:10 photo-coupler.
The implementation method of best operating point control device based on a kind of above-mentioned undisturbed electrooptic modulator, controller
Calculation process is directly carried out using power value signal and phase signal of the best operating point control algolithm to the feedback signal of input,
Obtain electrooptic modulator operating point drift situation；A control is calculated according to the drift situation of present operating point in controller
Voltage, the voltage control direct current biasing output circuit and export an electrooptic modulator driving signal, so that electrooptic modulator works
Point is returned directly to best operating point.
Realization electrooptic modulator bias point based on a kind of above-mentioned electrooptic modulator bias controller based on beat frequency
Automatically the method locked, specific as follows:
A, it is acquired first by output characteristic curve of the feedback signal to electrooptic modulator, and by output characteristic curve
Phase and power information be stored in controller；
B, the drift bearing that the operating point of electrooptic modulator is differentiated using the principle of beat frequency, passes through optical power direct detector
The optical power of feedback signal is obtained, and by the phase information of feedback signal and power information after analog-to-digital conversion module is handled,
Input controller carries out calculation processing；
C, inside controller, by confirm feedback signal phase information it is positive and negative, and by its optical power size and control
Device electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve gathered in advance processed compares；If DC offset voltage and electrooptic modulator optical waveguide
Length is same phase, is then made the following judgment:
If the phase difference of feedback signal is 0, show that operating point at this time is best operating point；
If the phase difference of feedback signal is negative, show that best operating point drifts about to high voltage direction, at this time by feedback letter
Number optical power size and the output characteristic curve comparing calculation of electrooptic modulator go out operating point offset, directly by Electro-optical Modulation
The voltage of the direct current biasing end input of device is exported again after subtracting the offset to the direct current biasing end of electrooptic modulator, thus real
Now to the control of electrooptic modulator best operating point；
If the phase difference of feedback signal is positive, show that best operating point drifts about to low-voltage direction, at this time by optical power
Size and the characteristic curve comparing calculation of electrooptic modulator output go out operating point offset, directly that the direct current of electrooptic modulator is inclined
The voltage of end input is set plus output after the offset to the direct current biasing end of electrooptic modulator, to realize to electrooptic modulator
The control of best operating point.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technical effect that
(1) present invention will not introduce disturbing signal in detection light, reduce noise, be conducive to subsequent frequency spectrum processing.
(2) best operating point settled at one go control may be implemented in the present invention, improves best operating point playback speed, makes
The control efficiency for obtaining electrooptic modulator best operating point is higher, the performance of system where further improving the electrooptic modulator.
(3) heterodyne coherent detection high sensitivity, required feedback optical power reduce, and then realize smaller Feedback of Power ratio
Rate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system construction drawing of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the electrooptic modulator bias voltage control schematic diagram based on photo-coupler in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is existing electrooptic modulator tune controling device structure diagram.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Structure designed by the present invention utilizes the optical signal and electrooptic modulator after the shift frequency of acousto-optic frequency shifters (AFM) output
(EOM) optical signal for feedback of output carries out beat frequency, to realize the biasing control of EOM.
In order to facilitate calculating, it is assumed that the initial offset phase of the optical power for feedback of EOM output is 0, then optical power
It is as follows:
In above formula, V is EOM external dc bias voltage；The half-wave voltage for representing EOM is initial offset phase.
The optical signal power for shift frequency of AFM output is as follows:
In above formulaFor the difference on the frequency that AFM is introduced, t is the time of the optical signal after the audio of AFM output,It is defeated for AFM
The phase of the optical signal after shift frequency out.
The light signal fed back horse-power formula that final beat frequency obtains is as follows:
After it can see the feedback light in formula by photoelectric conversion and low-pass filtering, if obtained phase difference is negative
When, then optical power E is negative, at this timeThis means that best operating point drifts about to high voltage direction；If otherwise obtained phase
Potential difference is timing, then optical power E is positive, at this timeThis means that best operating point drifts about to low-voltage direction.Furthermore again
By the comparison of the Output optical power of EOM when the detection of optical power and best operating point that export to EOM, and then EOM can be obtained
Operating point present position situation.
In order to realize the biasing settled at one go control, then in addition increase an acousto-optic frequency shifters (shift frequency letter in the present apparatus
Number frequency is 40MHz) circuit generates beat signal.The signal that the EOM signal exported is exported with AFM is carried out via photo-coupler
The signal of beat frequency, output becomes voltage signal by photosignal conversion conditioning module.Inside controller, by confirming phase
Information it is positive and negative, and optical power size and controller electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve gathered in advance are compared, so
After make the following judgment: if phase information is 0, show that operating point at this time is best operating point；If phase information is negative,
Show that best operating point drifts about to low-voltage direction, at this time counts optical power size and the comparison of electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve
Point Drifting amount is calculated, directly exports direct current biasing plus the offset；If phase information is positive, show best
Operating point drifts about to high voltage direction, goes out to work by optical power size and electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve comparing calculation at this time
Point offset, directly subtracts the offset for direct current biasing and exports；To realize the control to EOM best operating point.
One outstanding electrooptic modulator working point control scheme, to make electrooptic modulator work in best operating point and
Signal light needed for capable of exporting, and there is high efficiency, introducing noise is small, required feedback signal advantage small as far as possible.
The present invention is that an electrooptic modulator for continuous light modulation is biased voltage-controlled closed-loop control device.
As shown in Figure 1, mainly including three big modules: spectral module, power phases detecting module, electrooptic modulator bias control module.
Spectral module is mainly photo-coupler.
Electrooptic modulator biasing control module includes: photosignal conversion conditioning module, analog-to-digital conversion mould as shown in Figure 1
Block, controller, direct current biasing output circuit.
The phase signal of light is mainly converted to electric signal by photosignal conversion conditioning module, includes photodetector
And low-pass filter circuit.It needs exist for converting optical signals to electric signal, so the model of the photodetector used
GD3560J, it is a kind of near infrared photodetector, and spectrum sensitive band is at 1550nm；When driving voltage 5V, which is visited
The dark current for surveying device is up to 1nA；Responsiveness 0.85A/W meets device requirement.Low-pass filter circuit to will export with
The relevant electric signal of phase.Suitable low pass circuit is formed used here as capacitance resistance.
Analog-to-digital conversion module is mainly exactly that the analog voltage signal that opto-electronic transforming signal amplification block generates is converted to number
Word signal.The MCP37D31-200 of A/D converter model Microchip company used herein, it is that a have 16
The analog-digital converter of precision highest 200MHz sample rate, can satisfy 40MHz frequency-shift signaling of the present invention and extinction ratio about completely
There is the requirement of 30dB.
Controller herein is the non-volatile unlimited configuration programmable logical device of Lattice company
The LCMXO1200 of MachXOPLD series.The programmable logic device provides in-line memory, facilitates the buffering of data；Together
When it also has built-in PLL and oscillator, the Clock management that can be integrated.The controller receives the number that A/D is generated
Word signal carries out calculation process to this digital quantity, the current working condition of electrooptic modulator is obtained, according to this of electrooptic modulator
A working condition adjusts the output of output driving circuit.
Direct current biasing output circuit includes D/A converter and amplifier.The precision of digital-to-analogue conversion determines last electric light
The operating point of modulator bias voltage control system locking and the degree of closeness of electrooptic modulator best operating point, so D/A turns
The precision of parallel operation can obtain greatly a bit, and digital analog converter used herein is the DAC8552 of TI company, it is 16 precision
The D/A converter of voltage output type.Amplifier is mainly the load driving capability and Electro-optical Modulation for increasing output driving circuit
The range of device direct current biasing end input voltage, is larger than a half-wave voltage.Due to D/A output voltage to be matched, here
Amplifier position AD8000 has the characteristics that track to track exports high supply voltage, and bandwidth reaches 1.58GHz.
In conjunction with device parameters, specific step is as follows:
Step 1: what the optical signal and electrooptic modulator that are generated acousto-optic frequency shifters by 50:50 photo-coupler generated
Optical signal carries out beat frequency.
Step 2: optical signal enters phase detection module, electric signal is converted to by photodetector GD3560J first,
And pass through low-pass filter circuit, the electric signal for being able to reflect optical power size and phase directional is obtained, and enter electric light
Modulator biases control module.
Step 4: after electric signal enters electrooptic modulator biasing control module, it first will by analog-digital converter MCP3428
Phase signal and strength signal are improved and are converted into digital signal, and digital signal is as feedback signal via controller
LCMXO1200 calculation process obtains electrooptic modulator operating point drift situation；According to the drift situation of present operating point, controller
A control voltage is calculated in LCMXO1200, which becomes analog signal by a digital analog converter DAC8552, and
It is improved via amplifier AD8000, one appropriate direct-current control voltage of final output.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, several simple deductions or substitution can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator, including laser, electrooptic modulator and biasing
Control module, which is characterized in that further include the first photo-coupler, acousto-optic frequency shifters, the second photo-coupler, third photo-coupler and
Signal generator, the biasing control module include photosignal conversion conditioning module, analog-to-digital conversion module, controller and direct current
Bias output circuit；Wherein,
Laser, for exporting continuous laser to the first photo-coupler；
First photo-coupler, for continuous laser to be divided into two-way: first via light inputs electrooptic modulator, the input of the second road light
To acousto-optic frequency shifters；
Signal generator, for generating shift frequency sinusoidal signal and modulated signal, shift frequency sinusoidal signal is exported to acousto-optic frequency shifters,
Modulated signal is exported to electrooptic modulator；
Electrooptic modulator, for first via light being modulated, the modulated first via is exported according to the modulated signal received
Light is to the second photo-coupler；
Acousto-optic frequency shifters, for the second road light being carried out shift frequency, the second tunnel after shift frequency according to the shift frequency sinusoidal signal received
Light output is to third photo-coupler；
Second photo-coupler, for modulated first via light to be divided into two-way: the modulated light of the first via is as detection light, and the
The modulated light in two tunnels is input to third photo-coupler；
Third photo-coupler, for the modulated light of the second road light and the second tunnel after shift frequency to be carried out beat frequency, the light after beat frequency
Signal exports to photosignal and converts conditioning module；
Photosignal converts conditioning module, amplifies filtering for converting optical signal into electric signal, and to electric signal, exports
Electric signal after conditioning is to analog-to-digital conversion module；
Analog-to-digital conversion module, for the electric signal after conditioning to be converted into digital signal, the digital signal is defeated as feedback signal
Out to controller；
Controller obtains electrooptic modulator operating point drift situation, according to the drift for handling the feedback signal of input
Condition of shifting one's love controls direct current biasing output circuit；
Direct current biasing output circuit, for exporting the direct current biasing input port of DC offset voltage signal to electrooptic modulator,
So that the operating point of electrooptic modulator is close to best operating point.
2. a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator according to claim 1, feature exist
In best operating point is electrooptic modulator electrooptic modulator locating when Output optical power minimum under conditions of continuous light works
Output characteristic curve position.
3. a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator according to claim 1, feature exist
In the first photo-coupler and third photo-coupler are 50:50 photo-coupler, and the second photo-coupler is 90:10 photo-coupler.
4. based on a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator of any of claims 1-3
Implementation method, which is characterized in that controller believes the performance number of the feedback signal of input using best operating point control algolithm
Number and phase signal directly carry out calculation process, obtain electrooptic modulator operating point drift situation；Controller is according to work at present
The drift situation of point, is calculated a control voltage, which controls direct current biasing output circuit and export an Electro-optical Modulation
Device driving signal, so that electrooptic modulator operating point is returned directly to best operating point.
5. based on a kind of best operating point control device of undisturbed electrooptic modulator of any of claims 1-3
The method that locks automatically of realization electrooptic modulator bias point, which is characterized in that it is specific as follows:
A, it is acquired first by output characteristic curve of the feedback signal to electrooptic modulator, and by the phase of output characteristic curve
Position is stored in controller with power information；
B, the drift bearing that the operating point of electrooptic modulator is differentiated using the principle of beat frequency, is obtained by optical power direct detector
The optical power of feedback signal, and by the phase information of feedback signal and power information after analog-to-digital conversion module is handled, input
Controller carries out calculation processing；
C, inside controller, by confirm feedback signal phase information it is positive and negative, and by its optical power size and controller
Electrooptic modulator output characteristic curve gathered in advance compares；If DC offset voltage and electrooptic modulator waveguide lengths
For same phase, then make the following judgment:
If the phase difference of feedback signal is 0, show that operating point at this time is best operating point；
If the phase difference of feedback signal is negative, show that best operating point drifts about to high voltage direction, at this time by feedback signal
The output characteristic curve comparing calculation of optical power size and electrooptic modulator goes out operating point offset, directly by electrooptic modulator
The voltage of direct current biasing end input is exported again after subtracting the offset to the direct current biasing end of electrooptic modulator, thus realization pair
The control of electrooptic modulator best operating point；
If the phase difference of feedback signal is positive, show that best operating point drifts about to low-voltage direction, at this time by optical power size
Go out operating point offset with the characteristic curve comparing calculation of electrooptic modulator output, directly by the direct current biasing end of electrooptic modulator
Output is to the direct current biasing end of electrooptic modulator after the voltage of input adds the offset, to realize best to electrooptic modulator
The control of operating point.
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| CN110166141B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-08-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Device and method for negotiating and controlling bias voltage of optical modulator |
| EP4116794A4 (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2023-05-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Voltage regulation circuit and method, operation system, and integrated module and circuit |
| CN113295308B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-06-27 | 苏州安莱光电科技有限公司 | Nonlinear static working point adjusting device and method |
| CN113805363B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-07-07 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Silicon optical modulator device for burst transmission and control method |
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