CN108489830A - Crack propagation measuring system - Google Patents
Crack propagation measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108489830A CN108489830A CN201810520920.4A CN201810520920A CN108489830A CN 108489830 A CN108489830 A CN 108489830A CN 201810520920 A CN201810520920 A CN 201810520920A CN 108489830 A CN108489830 A CN 108489830A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of crack propagation measuring systems, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing stations, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam, Mobile Slide, lead screw guide rails, servo motor, synchronizer trigger and PLC control system, the Mobile Slide is set to two portal frame crossbeam upper end center positions, wherein Mobile Slide is equipped with lead screw guide rails, the lead screw guide rails are connect with servo motor, wherein servo motor connects PLC control system, the PLC control system connects data processing stations, described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide, wherein image capturing system is separately connected synchronizer trigger and data processing stations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crack propagation measurement experiment fields, especially crack propagation measuring system, in large-scale siding
Damage tolerance test obtains crack spreading zone.
Background technology
Large size siding damage tolerance test at present, in order to obtain crack spreading zone, it is necessary to which real-time follow-up crackle is long
Degree.Previous way by the way of manual measurement, the specific steps are：Stop experiment, release, testing crew climbs up check box
Crack length information is observed using tools such as reading microscopes and read to frame.This mode has the following problems：After release, examination
It tests part stand under load to become smaller, crack tip will be closed, and the numerical value of reading can be more smaller than actual value, influences measurement accuracy；Not release,
The crack length read under testpieces loading conditions is relatively accurate, but personnel's needs of reading emit testpieces and destroy or even break at any time
The great risk split goes work.Therefore, it is necessary to it is a kind of can guarantee test data accuracy, reduce the artificial wind for reading data
Danger, while the system for obtaining crack length and recurring number correspondence in real time.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of crack propagation measuring system is provided, is overcome
The risk of not high, the artificial reading data of accuracy of test data is big in the prior art, and it is long to obtain crackle in real time
The problems such as degree is with recurring number correspondence.
In order to solve technical problem, the technical scheme is that：Crack propagation measuring system, including motion control system
System, image capturing system and data processing stations, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam, Mobile Slide, leading screw
Guide rail, servo motor, synchronizer trigger and PLC control system, the Mobile Slide are set in two portal frame crossbeam upper ends
Heart position, wherein Mobile Slide are equipped with lead screw guide rails, and the lead screw guide rails are connect with servo motor, and wherein servo motor connects
PLC control system, the PLC control system connect data processing stations, and described image acquisition system is set to Mobile Slide
On, wherein image capturing system is separately connected synchronizer trigger and data processing stations.
Preferably, described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second image capture device, wherein the
One image capture device includes first camera, the first camera lens and first light source, and the second image capture device includes second camera,
Two camera lenses and second light source, the first camera are set to Mobile Slide side, and wherein first camera connects the first camera lens, and first
Camera lens front end is provided with first light source, and the second camera is set to the Mobile Slide other side, wherein second camera connection second
Camera lens, the second camera lens front end are provided with second light source, and first camera lens and the second camera lens tilt and close to each other, wherein first
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to straight line where camera lens and the second camera lens respectively.
Preferably, the angle where first camera lens between straight line and vertical line is 30 °, straight line where second camera lens
Angle between vertical line is 30 °.
Preferably, the first camera and second camera use Basler cameras, and first camera lens and the second camera lens are adopted
With telecentric lens, the first light source and second light source use coaxial light source.
Preferably, further include that recurring number acquires camera, the recurring number acquisition camera is separately connected synchronizer trigger sum number
According to processing workstation.
Preferably, the first camera, second camera and recurring number acquisition camera pass through with data processing stations respectively
Cable connects.
Preferably, further include servo-driver, the servo-driver be set to servo motor and PLC control system it
Between, wherein servo-driver is connected respectively at servo motor with PLC control system.
Preferably, the Mobile Slide is equipped with grating scale, and the grating scale connects data processing stations.
Preferably, the data processing stations include calibration system, crack detection and measuring system, recurring number identification system
System, data coupling system and Database Systems, wherein calibration system, crack detection and measuring system, recurring number identifying system, number
The measurement of crack propagation is completed according to coupled system and database systematic collaboration cooperation.
Compared with the existing technology, the advantage of the invention is that：
（1）The camera lens of image capturing system of the present invention uses doubly telecentric camera lens, solves the image blur that object distance variation is brought and asks
Topic, improves image quality, and by two camera slant settings, avoids being imaged blind area caused by doubly telecentric camera lens, and in mirror
The depth of field of switching angle compensation loss is added between head and camera；
（2）The present invention tracks crackle using Mobile Slide, and when crackle exceeds visual field, Mobile Slide drives camera movement
Certain distance meets the measurement to crackle；
（3）Reasonable design of the present invention, accuracy are high, can reach the accuracy of detection of 0.1mm, and experimental data is recorded crackle truly and expanded
Open up situation.
Description of the drawings
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1, the present invention；
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2, kinetic control system of the present invention.
Reference sign：
1- data processing stations, 2- portal frame crossbeams, 3- Mobile Slides, 4- lead screw guide rails, 5- servo motors, 6- synchronize triggering
Device, 7-PLC control systems, 8- recurring numbers acquire camera, 9- servo-drivers, 10- first cameras, the first camera lenses of 11-, 12- the
One light source, 13- second cameras, the second camera lenses of 14-, 15- second light sources.
Specific implementation mode
The specific embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments：
It should be noted that structure, ratio, the size etc. illustrated in this specification institute attached drawing, only coordinating specification institute
The content of announcement is not limited to the enforceable qualifications of the present invention so that those skilled in the art understands and reads,
The modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size are not influencing the effect of present invention can be generated and institute's energy
Under the purpose reached, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents can be covered.
Meanwhile cited such as "upper" in this specification, "lower", "left", "right", " centre " and " one " term, also
Only being illustrated for ease of narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, in nothing
Under essence change technology contents, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
Two holders of described portal frame crossbeam or so are marked with scale, and location and installation height, portal frame crossbeam is facilitated to have
The higher depth of parallelism（Reach within 0.1mm/1000mm）, ensure the basic demand of subsequent expansion installation grating scale main scale（Grating scale
For widening parts, system hardware spare interface）.
The Mobile Slide can be adjusted in 3 directions of X, Y, Z axis, and each direction has the adjusting space of ± 20mm can
To be measured to a certain extent to deviateing crackle of the scale within 20mm, wherein the X-axis of Mobile Slide uses customization line
Property track, the depth of parallelism is high, and effective travel can reach technical requirement more than 500mm, when crack length is more than visual field, moves
Slide unit drives camera lens to be moved with light source, to complete the tracking to crackle.
The servo motor is FR-LS-20-2-05-06-A, since Mobile Slide is that high-precision is transported at low speeds
Row, therefore servo motor is used, servo motor has many advantages, such as control accuracy high and low frequency, low inertia compared to stepper motor.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second Image Acquisition
Equipment is set wherein the first image capture device includes first camera 10, the first camera lens 11 and first light source 12, the second Image Acquisition
Standby includes second camera 13, the second camera lens 14 and second light source 15, and the first camera 10 is set to 3 side of Mobile Slide,
Middle first camera 10 connects the first camera lens 11, and 11 front end of the first camera lens is provided with first light source 12, and the second camera 13 is arranged
In 3 other side of Mobile Slide, wherein second camera 13 connects the second camera lens 14, and 14 front end of the second camera lens is provided with second light source
15, the inclination of first camera lens, 11 and second camera lens 14 is simultaneously close to each other, wherein straight where the first camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to line respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the angle between first camera lens, 11 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °, described
Angle between two camera lenses, 14 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second Image Acquisition
Equipment is set wherein the first image capture device includes first camera 10, the first camera lens 11 and first light source 12, the second Image Acquisition
Standby includes second camera 13, the second camera lens 14 and second light source 15, and the first camera 10 is set to 3 side of Mobile Slide,
Middle first camera 10 connects the first camera lens 11, and 11 front end of the first camera lens is provided with first light source 12, and the second camera 13 is arranged
In 3 other side of Mobile Slide, wherein second camera 13 connects the second camera lens 14, and 14 front end of the second camera lens is provided with second light source
15, the inclination of first camera lens, 11 and second camera lens 14 is simultaneously close to each other, wherein straight where the first camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to line respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the angle between first camera lens, 11 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °, described
Angle between two camera lenses, 14 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °.Due to doubly telecentric camera lens extend out it is larger, when two telecentric lens touch
Will produce blind area together, in order to prevent the appearance of blind area, by camera, camera lens and light source linking for one it is integral inclined take pictures,
The changeover mechanism seen by camera and camera lens compensates loss of the tilt to the depth of field.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the first camera 10 and the use Basler cameras of second camera 13, described first
Camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14 use telecentric lens, the first light source 12 and second light source 15 to use coaxial light source.
The Basler cameras are global exposure, and when being exposed using global shutter mode, all pixels are exposed in synchronization
Light freezes similar to by moving object, so being suitble to the object that shooting quickly moves, since tested plate is in high-speed motion
For state therefore using global exposure, high-speed rotating object flash frozen then can not will produce distortion by global exposure camera,
Influence image quality.
Basler cameras use CCD chip：The advantages of CCD is high sensitivity, and noise is small, and signal-to-noise ratio is big.
The resolution ratio of Basler cameras：Due to the limitation of cable interface and CCD chip, resolution ratio is up to 500W.
The telecentric lens mainly design to correct traditional industry camera lens parallax, it can be in certain object distance range
It is interior, so as to get image magnification multiplying power will not change, this is very important situation of the measured object not on same object plane and answers
With telecentric lens are to the exigent machine vision applications occasion of lens distortion always due to its distinctive parallel light path design
Favored.
The coaxial light source（Diffuse coaxial lights, metal flat diffusing reflection lighting source）It provides than conventional light source evenly
Illumination, therefore improve the accuracy and reproducibility of machine vision.Coaxial light source is very serious mainly for detection of intensity of light reflection
Planar object, such as glass.Coaxial light source can highlight body surface out-of-flatness, be interfered caused by overcoming surface reflection, main
It is used for the damaging, scratch of detection object flat smooth surface, crackle and foreign matter.Coaxial light source optimum is high for reflectance
Object, such as metal, glass, film, chip surface scuffing detection；To prevent the reflective interference to acquisition system using same
Axis light source reduces reflective influence, and uses stepless control light-source brightness.Coaxial light source is due to needing semi-transparent half in mechanism
Reflecting glass, therefore when axis light acts between object and camera lens, may result in observed object edge and become empty, it is not sharp enough
Profit requires object edge high to select secondary light source such as strip source, while semi-transparent half as needed in use
Reflecting glass will inevitably cause bright loss, it is therefore desirable to which, using highlighted coaxial light source, highlighted coaxial light source has
Bright degree more higher than generic coaxial light excludes extraneous illumination effect as far as possible.There is multiple color for tested plate（Silver
Color, green, yellow）, a variety of alternative light source colours can be equipped with, with meet demand, color can be furnished with red, green, blue, Bai Si
Kind light source colour.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second Image Acquisition
Equipment is set wherein the first image capture device includes first camera 10, the first camera lens 11 and first light source 12, the second Image Acquisition
Standby includes second camera 13, the second camera lens 14 and second light source 15, and the first camera 10 is set to 3 side of Mobile Slide,
Middle first camera 10 connects the first camera lens 11, and 11 front end of the first camera lens is provided with first light source 12, and the second camera 13 is arranged
In 3 other side of Mobile Slide, wherein second camera 13 connects the second camera lens 14, and 14 front end of the second camera lens is provided with second light source
15, the inclination of first camera lens, 11 and second camera lens 14 is simultaneously close to each other, wherein straight where the first camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to line respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the angle between first camera lens, 11 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °, described
Angle between two camera lenses, 14 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the first camera 10 and the use Basler cameras of second camera 13, described first
Camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14 use telecentric lens, the first light source 12 and second light source 15 to use coaxial light source.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include recurring number acquisition camera 8, the recurring number acquisition camera 8 is separately connected together
Walk trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.The application acquires camera vision by recurring number and reads recurring number, using import phase
Machine ensures the image quality to recurring number, and then ensures to accurately identify recurring number, using cable interface, ensures in longer-range
From having smaller loss in transmission process, since recurring number is over the display, can not to be kept away when acquiring image using camera
The generation mole ripple exempted from, due to the randomness of mole ripple, the present invention will observe the serious of mole ripple in real process
Degree takes different measures to eliminate the effects of the act.If ripple relatively gently does not influence to handle, ignore influence；If ripple effects degree
Generally, it will be eliminated the effects of the act by way of changing object distance；If ripple is more serious, low pass filtered filter can be increased and eliminate shadow
It rings.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the first camera 10, second camera 13 and recurring number acquisition camera 8 respectively with data
Processing workstation 1 is connected by cable.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second Image Acquisition
Equipment is set wherein the first image capture device includes first camera 10, the first camera lens 11 and first light source 12, the second Image Acquisition
Standby includes second camera 13, the second camera lens 14 and second light source 15, and the first camera 10 is set to 3 side of Mobile Slide,
Middle first camera 10 connects the first camera lens 11, and 11 front end of the first camera lens is provided with first light source 12, and the second camera 13 is arranged
In 3 other side of Mobile Slide, wherein second camera 13 connects the second camera lens 14, and 14 front end of the second camera lens is provided with second light source
15, the inclination of first camera lens, 11 and second camera lens 14 is simultaneously close to each other, wherein straight where the first camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to line respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the angle between first camera lens, 11 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °, described
Angle between two camera lenses, 14 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the first camera 10 and the use Basler cameras of second camera 13, described first
Camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14 use telecentric lens, the first light source 12 and second light source 15 to use coaxial light source.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include recurring number acquisition camera 8, the recurring number acquisition camera 8 is separately connected together
Walk trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the first camera 10, second camera 13 and recurring number acquisition camera 8 respectively with data
Processing workstation 1 is connected by cable.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include servo-driver 9, the servo-driver 9 is set to 5 He of servo motor
Between PLC control system 7, wherein servo-driver 9 is connected respectively at servo motor 5 and PLC control system 7.
The servo-driver is also known as " servo controller ", " servo amplifier ", is for the one of control servomotor
Kind controller, effect act on common alternating current motor similar to frequency converter, belong to a part for servo-drive system, be mainly used in
High-precision positioning system controls servo motor generally by three kinds of position, speed and torque modes, realizes high-precision
The transmission system of degree positions, and is currently the high-end product of drive technology.
Embodiment 6
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second Image Acquisition
Equipment is set wherein the first image capture device includes first camera 10, the first camera lens 11 and first light source 12, the second Image Acquisition
Standby includes second camera 13, the second camera lens 14 and second light source 15, and the first camera 10 is set to 3 side of Mobile Slide,
Middle first camera 10 connects the first camera lens 11, and 11 front end of the first camera lens is provided with first light source 12, and the second camera 13 is arranged
In 3 other side of Mobile Slide, wherein second camera 13 connects the second camera lens 14, and 14 front end of the second camera lens is provided with second light source
15, the inclination of first camera lens, 11 and second camera lens 14 is simultaneously close to each other, wherein straight where the first camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to line respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the angle between first camera lens, 11 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °, described
Angle between two camera lenses, 14 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the first camera 10 and the use Basler cameras of second camera 13, described first
Camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14 use telecentric lens, the first light source 12 and second light source 15 to use coaxial light source.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include recurring number acquisition camera 8, the recurring number acquisition camera 8 is separately connected together
Walk trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the first camera 10, second camera 13 and recurring number acquisition camera 8 respectively with data
Processing workstation 1 is connected by cable.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include servo-driver 9, the servo-driver 9 is set to 5 He of servo motor
Between PLC control system 7, wherein servo-driver 9 is connected respectively at servo motor 5 and PLC control system 7.
Preferably, the Mobile Slide 3 is equipped with grating scale, and the grating scale connects data processing stations 1.To ensure
Precision in operational process can use grating scale and data processing stations to constitute closed loop feedback, to realize higher precision
It is required that in actual experiment, servo-driver and servo motor can reach required precision, then in line with economizing on resources
Theory does not use grating scale, but can reserve the interface of grating scale on hardware（If selecting grating scale, grating scale precision needs
It is higher than servo motor precision）.
According to the requirement of all parts, it will be equipped with 5V, the direct-current switch power supply of the routine such as 12V, 24V, and be furnished with voltage stabilizing electricity
Source ensures the reliability of power supply system.It uses PDU sockets, common socket to be generally 2-3 in terms of socket, plugs 4500-
5000 or so, and PDU sockets use super conducting metal material --- tin（Phosphorus）Bronze has excellent abrasive resistance and electric conductivity,
Full load is powered one hour, and temperature rises only 20 degree, is far below 45 degree of national standard, effective blocking element fever, hot plug
10000 or more, service life is up to 10 years, is 5 times of common socket or more.
Embodiment 7
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, crack propagation measuring system, including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
Stand 1, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam 2, Mobile Slide 3, lead screw guide rails 4, servo motor 5, synchronizer trigger 6
With PLC control system 7, the Mobile Slide 3 is set to two 2 upper end center positions of portal frame crossbeam, and wherein Mobile Slide 3 is set
There are lead screw guide rails 4, the lead screw guide rails 4 to be connect with servo motor 5, wherein servo motor 5 connects PLC control system 7, described
PLC control system 7 connects data processing stations 1, and described image acquisition system is set on Mobile Slide 3, and wherein image is adopted
Collecting system is separately connected synchronizer trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that described image acquisition system includes the first image capture device and the second Image Acquisition
Equipment is set wherein the first image capture device includes first camera 10, the first camera lens 11 and first light source 12, the second Image Acquisition
Standby includes second camera 13, the second camera lens 14 and second light source 15, and the first camera 10 is set to 3 side of Mobile Slide,
Middle first camera 10 connects the first camera lens 11, and 11 front end of the first camera lens is provided with first light source 12, and the second camera 13 is arranged
In 3 other side of Mobile Slide, wherein second camera 13 connects the second camera lens 14, and 14 front end of the second camera lens is provided with second light source
15, the inclination of first camera lens, 11 and second camera lens 14 is simultaneously close to each other, wherein straight where the first camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14
The angular range between vertical line is 0 ~ 45 ° to line respectively.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the angle between first camera lens, 11 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °, described
Angle between two camera lenses, 14 place straight line and vertical line is 30 °.
As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is preferred that the first camera 10 and the use Basler cameras of second camera 13, described first
Camera lens 11 and the second camera lens 14 use telecentric lens, the first light source 12 and second light source 15 to use coaxial light source.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include recurring number acquisition camera 8, the recurring number acquisition camera 8 is separately connected together
Walk trigger 6 and data processing stations 1.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that the first camera 10, second camera 13 and recurring number acquisition camera 8 respectively with data
Processing workstation 1 is connected by cable.
As shown in Figure 1, it is preferred that further include servo-driver 9, the servo-driver 9 is set to 5 He of servo motor
Between PLC control system 7, wherein servo-driver 9 is connected respectively at servo motor 5 and PLC control system 7.
Preferably, the Mobile Slide 3 is equipped with grating scale, and the grating scale connects data processing stations 1.
Preferably, the data processing stations 1 include calibration system, crack detection and measuring system, recurring number identification
System, data coupling system and Database Systems, wherein calibration system, crack detection and measuring system, recurring number identifying system,
The measurement of crack propagation is completed in data coupling system and database systematic collaboration cooperation.
The data processing stations use HP Hewlett-Packards, HP Z440-SC034 work stations, Gigabit Ethernet Intel1350-
There are T4 4 mouthfuls of network interfaces can meet 3 pieces of cameras in full resolution transmission requirement, and Samsung display U28E590D is 4K aobvious
Show that device clarity is high.
Calibration system：Whole system before work, need to carry out to demarcate manually obtain left and right sides camera pixel size with
The doubly telecentric camera lens base of the transformational relation of physical size, use becomes smaller, therefore imaging does not need distortion correction, and calibration system is main
The conversion for completing physical size and pixel size, this work, the linear scale precision of standard are completed using the linear scale of standard
0.001mm scales are 0.1mm.In calibration, a white background is placed below linear scale to protrude the graduation mark of linear scale（Or
Linear scale graduation mark is highlighted using the polishing mode of backlight）, the algorithm of the long improvement factor of shadow will be handled using sub-pix,
In the case of preferable hardware, sub-pix will to a certain extent segment single pixel again, improve final survey
Accuracy of measurement.
Crack detection and measuring system：Image is handled after obtaining realtime graphic.It is carried out firstly the need of to figure
Denoising, due to most of noise, such as the noise caused by sensing element, transmission channel etc. is random mostly, they are to a certain
The influence of pixel can be regarded as isolated, therefore, be compared with neighbouring each pixel, by the ash of the pixel of influence of noise
Angle value will have significant difference.Around this principle, figure is handled using the method for medium filtering.Image segmentation is to split
The committed step of line detection is tentatively selected as histogram thresholding split plot design acquisition threshold value to meet processing speed, will be less than threshold value
Region is shown as white, and the region more than threshold value is shown as black.There may be recessed in bianry image after Threshold segmentation
The defects of hole, burr and broken string.Especially in the case that the image of acquisition includes noise, side can be extracted to subsequent refinement
The operations such as edge feature have an impact.Therefore it must take measures to eliminate.Here use mathematical morphology method to bianry image into
Row repairing, to eliminate the defects of image and noise.During morphology processing, the shapes and sizes of structural element
Directly affect the result of processing.Structural element of different shapes is to noise and defect sensitivity difference, when only with one
When the structural element of kind shape cannot reach promising result, the structural element that various shapes may be used transports whole image
It calculates.The size of structural element also has an impact image processing effect.In general, the structural element noise removal capability of small size compared with
It is weak but preferable to the protection of edge details；Large-sized structural element is then opposite.By expanding with after etching operation, need
Carry out Refinement operation.Image thinning refers to reducing the information that image is included to the greatest extent under the premise of retaining picture geometry.
The result of image thinning is by the skeleton for being known as image of image, i.e., image outline of the input with one fixed width with gradually removing
The method at edge eventually becomes the skeleton that width is only a pixel wide.It needs to show whole split after the completion of crack detection
The image of line, according to the mechanical precision of aforementioned measuring system far above measurement accuracy requirement, therefore by the way of direct splicing
Not only it ensure that crack detection precision but also promoted crackle splicing efficiency.
After obtaining crackle skeleton, it can judge that slit region point is adjacent successively by carrying out traverse scanning to image ranks
Situation, if only there are one changes in coordinates for the pixel of fracture edges, referred to as unidirectional adjacent, crack length increases；If crackle
Two coordinate values of edge pixel all change, then become two-way adjacent, crack length increases, then adding up, it is final to obtain
Crack length (crack length calculation may be changed according to actual conditions, to meet grasping for crack length metering method
The property made).Distance between pixels schematic diagram is as shown below, each grid in figure represents a pixel.For crackle, first
The length l (pixel) with pixel unit logical expressions is calculated, then passes through determining CCD image length improvement factors
Scale (millimeter/pixel), is converted into actual crack length L（mm）.
Recurring number identifying system：Acquisition for recurring number by OCR character recognition recurring number and records, acquisition cycle
The camera of several cameras and acquisition crack image（First camera and second camera）Be by synchronizer trigger synchronization to
The acquisition signal given, signaling rate is the light velocity, therefore can ensure the one straightforward of shooting time.OCR knows the system core
Algorithm is quasi- to be learnt and is classified using support vector machines, obtains recognition result, machine learning algorithm is divided into two steps：Training and inspection
It surveys.Training stage：A. high definition recurring number image is obtained, b. carries out threshold process, c. morphological operations, and d. obtains object skeleton,
E. construction OCR support vector machines training.Detection-phase：A. high definition recurring number image, b. image preprocessings, the single characters of c. are obtained
Segmentation, d. detections, e. export testing result.
Data coupling system：It is required according to technology, needs to couple crack length with recurring number, using the place of queue
Reason mode couples data, and system one shares multiple threads（Increased according to actual conditions or is deleted）, camera is successively
It opens, is carried out at the same time shooting time and ensures that unanimously by first camera image, second camera image and recurring number image are put into
In three different queues, ensure that each queue includes at least an image when detecting, an image is extracted from each queue
It is handled, obtains left side crack length, right side crack length and recurring number size respectively, by these three data deposit n rows 3
In the array of row.At this point, data can be used for drawing crack spreading zone figure, and data can be stored in database, convenient follow-up
It checks.The consistency for focusing on ensureing three camera shooting times of data coupling system, in theory, camera acquisition
Frame rate position 10FPS, then the gap digit 100ms of an image and an image, pass through hardware trigger camera and acquired per 100ms
Once, three cameras receive acquisition simultaneously and are acquired, and the time difference of three's acquisition is far smaller than 100ms, therefore makes
It is with uniformity with synchronous triggering guarantee, do not interfere with the acquisition of data.
Database Systems：Database Systems conveniently look into typing total length of cracks and recurring number information and temporal information
Previous test result and test data are ask, while Database Systems include data analysis function, data analysis function will be inquired
Crack data information be depicted as line chart, horizontal axis is recurring number, and the longitudinal axis is crack length, and line chart can clearly show
Crack length with recurring number load variation degree, when inquiring data when acquisition by limiting crackle and recurring number when
Between define data.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows：
The application portal frame crossbeam 2 is equipped with Mobile Slide 3, and 3 lower section of Mobile Slide hangs camera, camera lens and light successively
Source, Mobile Slide 3 are connected by lead screw guide rails 4 with servo motor 5, and servo motor 5 realizes the operation of high-precision low speed, synchronous triggering
Device 6 exports synchronous triggering signal to 3 cameras（First camera 10, second camera 13 and recurring number acquire camera 8）, ensure same
Moment gets crack image and recurring number image, and camera and data processing work 1 are by network cable transmission signal, to collected
Image obtains crack length using algorithm process, and recurring number judges whether the single visual field beyond camera is to determine servo for crackle
Whether electricity 5 moves, and by the crack length information of acquisition, and recurring number information is side in label deposit Database Systems with the time
Continue after an action of the bowels and checks.Data processing stations 1 are transmitted with PLC control system 7 into row information using communication mode, data processing work
Stand and 1 send out instruction and be passed to PLC control system 7, PLC control system 7 export a certain amount of pulse signal and position signal to
Servo-driver 9 is given, and then 9 output signal of servo-driver gives servo motor 5, the operation of 5 low speed of servo motor passes through leading screw
Guide rail 4 drives Mobile Slide 3 to move, and completes camera and moves and then realize crackle tracking.
The operation principle comprising grating scale is as follows：Kinetic control system is mainly responsible for carries out high-precision shifting to camera
It is dynamic, when crack length is more than certain thresholding（Beyond the preset value before visual field）, communicated by data processing stations 1 and send movement
It instructs to PLC control system 7, the output control signal of PLC control system 7 passes through servo-driver 9, and then servo-driver 9 is defeated
Go out signal and give servo motor 5, the operation of 5 low speed of servo motor drives Mobile Slide 3 to move, drives X-axis by lead screw guide rails 4
Mobile Slide 3 moves a certain distance, and has grating reading head on Mobile Slide 3, when mobile platform grating reading head when moving
Pulse can be sent out, the counter module in PLC control system 7 is by recording impulse number, after Mobile Slide 3 completes movement, leads to
Pulse number is sent to data processing stations 1 by the communication crossed between data processing stations 1 and PLC control system 7, obtains essence
True displacement distance, during camera motion, each camera stops shooting.
The camera lens of image capturing system of the present invention uses doubly telecentric camera lens, solves the image blur that object distance variation is brought and asks
Topic, improves image quality, and by two camera slant settings, avoids being imaged blind area caused by doubly telecentric camera lens, and in mirror
The depth of field of switching angle compensation loss is added between head and camera；The present invention tracks crackle using Mobile Slide, works as crackle
When beyond visual field, Mobile Slide drives camera to move a certain distance the measurement met to crackle；Reasonable design of the present invention, accuracy
Height, can reach the accuracy of detection of 0.1mm, and experimental data records crack propagation situation truly.
The preferred embodiment for the present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementations
Mode within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be without departing from the purpose of the present invention
It makes a variety of changes.
Many other changes and remodeling can be made by not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.It should be appreciated that the present invention is not
It is limited to specific embodiment, the scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. crack propagation measuring system, it is characterised in that：Including kinetic control system, image capturing system and data processing work
It stands, wherein kinetic control system includes portal frame crossbeam, Mobile Slide, lead screw guide rails, servo motor, synchronizer trigger and PLC
Control system, the Mobile Slide are set to two portal frame crossbeam upper end center positions, and wherein Mobile Slide is led equipped with leading screw
Rail, the lead screw guide rails are connect with servo motor, and wherein servo motor connects PLC control system, the PLC control system connection
Data processing stations, described image acquisition system are set on Mobile Slide, and wherein image capturing system is separately connected synchronization
Trigger and data processing stations.
2. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described image acquisition system includes first
Image capture device and the second image capture device, wherein the first image capture device includes first camera, the first camera lens and
One light source, the second image capture device include second camera, the second camera lens and second light source, and the first camera is set to movement
Slide unit side, wherein first camera connect the first camera lens, and the first camera lens front end is provided with first light source, the second camera setting
In the Mobile Slide other side, wherein second camera connects the second camera lens, and the second camera lens front end is provided with second light source, and described first
Camera lens and the second camera lens tilt it is simultaneously close to each other, wherein the folder between vertical line respectively of straight line where the first camera lens and the second camera lens
Angular region is 0 ~ 45 °.
3. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Straight line where first camera lens with it is perpendicular
Angle between line is 30 °, and the angle where second camera lens between straight line and vertical line is 30 °.
4. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The first camera and second camera are adopted
With Basler cameras, first camera lens and the second camera lens use telecentric lens, the first light source and second light source using same
Axis light source.
5. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Further include recurring number acquisition camera, institute
It states recurring number acquisition camera and is separately connected synchronizer trigger and data processing stations.
6. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The first camera, second camera and
Recurring number acquisition camera is connect with data processing stations by cable respectively.
7. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Further include servo-driver, it is described to watch
It takes driver to be set between servo motor and PLC control system, wherein servo-driver is controlled respectively at servo motor and PLC
System connects.
8. crack propagation measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Mobile Slide is equipped with grating scale,
The grating scale connects data processing stations.
9. according to claim 1 ~ 8 any one of them crack propagation measuring system, it is characterised in that：The data processing work
It stands including calibration system, crack detection and measuring system, recurring number identifying system, data coupling system and Database Systems,
Middle calibration system, crack detection and measuring system, recurring number identifying system, data coupling system and database systematic collaboration cooperation
Complete the measurement of crack propagation.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810520920.4A CN108489830A (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | Crack propagation measuring system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810520920.4A CN108489830A (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | Crack propagation measuring system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307678A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-05 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of taper spinning part ridging defect on-line measuring device and method |
| CN110044925A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-23 | 上海黑塞智能科技有限公司 | A kind of orthotropic steel box girder crosses welding hole crackle long term monitoring device |
| CN111079627A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-28 | 哈尔滨市科佳通用机电股份有限公司 | Railway wagon brake beam body breaking fault image identification method |
-
2018
- 2018-05-28 CN CN201810520920.4A patent/CN108489830A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307678A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-05 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of taper spinning part ridging defect on-line measuring device and method |
| CN110044925A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-23 | 上海黑塞智能科技有限公司 | A kind of orthotropic steel box girder crosses welding hole crackle long term monitoring device |
| CN111079627A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-28 | 哈尔滨市科佳通用机电股份有限公司 | Railway wagon brake beam body breaking fault image identification method |
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