CN108487999B - Cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance and design method thereof - Google Patents
Cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108487999B CN108487999B CN201810307398.1A CN201810307398A CN108487999B CN 108487999 B CN108487999 B CN 108487999B CN 201810307398 A CN201810307398 A CN 201810307398A CN 108487999 B CN108487999 B CN 108487999B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
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Abstract
The invention provides a cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance, which comprises thread grooves distributed on the inner surface of a cylinder sleeve, wherein the cross section of each thread groove is rectangular, and the width of each thread groove is 0.33-1.34% of the circumference of the inner circle surface of the cylinder sleeve; the depth of the thread-shaped groove is 0.67 to 2.67 percent of the thickness of the cylinder sleeve; the thread type grooves are regularly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, and the occupancy rate of the thread type grooves on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve is 1.96-7.84%. According to the invention, through the texture design of the regular thread-shaped groove, a precise machining technology can be adopted, and the continuous thread-shaped groove is machined on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve for oil storage and chip storage, so that the method has a simple and convenient machining procedure, and can discharge part of chips through the flow of lubricating oil, and the thread-shaped groove can realize partial oil pressure sealing to replace mechanical sealing, thereby meeting the antifriction and wear-resistant conditions of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring and greatly optimizing the comprehensive sealing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine diesel engine parts, in particular to a cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance and a design method thereof.
Background
China is taken as a world shipping big country, and the development of shipping industry is closely related to the economic development of China. However, the friction loss of ships always limits the development of shipping industry, and researches show that the loss caused in the aspect of friction and wear of China accounts for about 4.5 percent of the total economic value of the nation, wherein about 70 percent of failures in ship machinery are related to the internal friction and wear of the ship machinery, a cylinder sleeve-piston ring is taken as one of the most important friction pairs in the ship diesel engine, the friction power consumption of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring accounts for about 25 to 50 percent of that of the diesel engine, namely the cylinder sleeve-piston ring occupies a larger proportion in the friction and wear of the ship, the serious friction and wear phenomenon of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring not only can reduce the service life and the operation reliability of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring and cause economic loss, but also can greatly influence the diesel engine, on one hand, the mechanical efficiency of the diesel engine is reduced, the vibration of the body of the diesel engine is increased, the economy of the marine diesel engine is further reduced by the phenomena of carbon deposition, re-combustion and the like, and the prospect of the shipping industry is seriously influenced, so that the optimization of the comprehensive working performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring in a reasonable mode has great significance for the development of the shipping industry.
The application of the surface texture technology is one of effective modes for reducing friction and wear of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, and the principle is that certain textures are processed on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by utilizing some processing technologies (mold electric processing, platform honing, mechanical processing, etching processing and the like), so that the tribological performance of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is improved. The study on the surface texture starts from the later stage of the 80 years in the last century, Hamilton carries out theoretical and experimental research and analysis on the surface texture of a microprotrusion, the existence of the microprotrusion cannot effectively optimize the frictional wear performance of a friction surface, and deep study of students in the later stage shows that the friction reducing effect of machining regular pits on the inner surface of a cylinder sleeve on a friction pair is obvious. However, the different surface textures, the different working conditions of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, and the different surface texture parameters are different from each other in optimizing the performance of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring. The research on the frictional wear performance of the grinding reticulate pattern, the micro-groove phase and the original cylinder sleeve by the university of southern China marble indicates that the comprehensive friction reduction effect of the micro-groove is better. The Wuhan's university of rational and highly skilled worker researches the influence of different angle thread grooves on cylinder liner-piston ring frictional wear performance through whole jar testing machine, and the result shows that the thread groove structure of reasonable angle can not only effectively promote the frictional wear performance of cylinder liner-piston ring, also has showing the improvement to the sealing performance of combustion chamber, and unreasonable surface texture also can cause the vice gaseous of friction to reveal, influences the burning and the gas emission of combustion chamber. Therefore, the reasonable surface texture structure can effectively improve the comprehensive surface performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring.
At present, few patents for reducing friction wear by utilizing the surface texture of the cylinder sleeve are available, and few patents related to the sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring are available. Patent document "a low friction axial unequal angle platform honing cylinder cover" (publication number CN102278225A) introduces a design mechanism of reticulate patterns groove with different angles, the middle part of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve has groove type reticulate patterns with an included angle of 160-180 degrees with the central axis direction of the cylinder sleeve, and the two ends of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve have groove type reticulate patterns with an included angle of 0-20 degrees with the central axis direction of the cylinder sleeve, which can effectively reduce the friction coefficient of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring. Patent document "a novel low-speed engine cylinder sleeve" (publication number CN204627766U) introduces a plurality of square pit groups arranged on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the capacity of the pit groups for storing lubricating oil and impurities can effectively reduce the abrasion loss of the cylinder sleeve. Patent document "a novel engine cylinder sleeve" (publication number CN204627768U) introduces the purpose of cylinder sleeve-piston ring friction reduction and air tightness enhancement by arranging a plurality of oil storage pit structures slightly smaller than the width of the piston ring on the inner side surface of the cylinder sleeve.
The invention relates to a hunting in the aspects of antifriction, wear resistance or air tightness, but the hunting pits are of spot-shaped pit structures, so that the processing mode is more complex in order to ensure the precision and the distribution regularity of the pits.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving the comprehensive performance and the design method thereof are provided, and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring is improved while the antifriction and wear resistance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring are met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a can promote cylinder jacket surface texture of comprehensive properties which characterized in that: the cylinder sleeve comprises thread grooves distributed on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, wherein the cross section of each thread groove is rectangular, and the width of each thread groove is 0.33% -1.34% of the circumference of the inner circle surface of the cylinder sleeve; the depth of the thread-shaped groove is 0.67 to 2.67 percent of the thickness of the cylinder sleeve; the thread type grooves are regularly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, and the occupancy rate of the thread type grooves on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve is 1.96-7.84%.
According to the scheme, the width of the thread-shaped groove is 1.34% of the circumference of the inner circular surface of the cylinder sleeve.
According to the scheme, the depth of the thread-shaped groove is 1.33% of the thickness of the cylinder sleeve.
According to the scheme, the occupancy rate of the thread-type groove on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve is 3.92%.
A design method of a cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, structural design of the thread-type groove: designing threaded grooves which are regularly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, designing the threaded grooves with different widths and depths according to the circumference of the inner circle surface of the cylinder sleeve and the thickness of the cylinder sleeve, and adjusting the occupancy rate of the threaded grooves;
s2, material surface treatment: taking an original cylinder sleeve, processing the thread-shaped groove by using a precision machining technology according to the width, the depth and the occupancy of the thread-shaped groove designed in S1, flushing surface processing iron scrap particles by using gasoline, and cleaning the iron scrap particles on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by using diesel engine lubricating oil again after the gasoline is completely volatilized; processing the original cylinder sleeve aiming at the thread-shaped groove with each width and depth to obtain a plurality of cylinder sleeve samples;
s3, test testing of screw-type groove texture:
observing and measuring the surface appearance of a cylinder sleeve sample by using a surface profiler and a vernier caliper, and determining that the surface texture meets the design requirement; the method comprises the following steps of (1) testing the contact resistance value and the pressure of a combustion chamber of the diesel engine by using a bench testing machine, wherein the contact resistance value represents the thickness of a lubricating oil film between a cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, and the pressure of the combustion chamber of the diesel engine represents the air tightness between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, so that the frictional wear performance and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are evaluated;
s4, determining the size of the thread-type groove texture:
according to the test results, the optimal depth, width and occupancy of the thread groove are selected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the design of regular screw thread type recess texture, can adopt the precision machining technique, the continuous screw thread type recess of surface treatment in the cylinder liner is used for oil storage, stores up the bits, not only has simple and convenient procedure, still can discharge part abrasive dust through the flow of lubricating oil, in addition, screw thread type recess can realize that partial oil pressure seal replaces mechanical seal, satisfy cylinder liner-piston ring antifriction, when wear-resisting condition, give bigger optimization on comprehensive sealing performance, economic nature to promoting boats and ships diesel engine, dynamic nature and life have important meaning.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the depth of the thread-type groove of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the pressure change curves of an embodiment of the present invention and an original cylinder liner.
In the figure: 1-cylinder sleeve and 2-thread type groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and figures.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a cylinder liner surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance, which comprises thread-shaped grooves 2 distributed on the inner surface of a cylinder liner 1, wherein the cross section of each thread-shaped groove 2 is rectangular, and the width C of each thread-shaped groove 2 is 0.33-1.34% of the circumference a of the inner circular surface of the cylinder liner 1; the depth D of the thread-shaped groove 2 is 0.67-2.67 percent of the thickness B of the cylinder sleeve 1; the thread type grooves 2 are distributed regularly along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve 1, and the occupancy rate of the thread type grooves 2 on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve 1 is 1.96-7.84%.
Preferably, the width of the thread-shaped groove is 1.34% of the circumference of the inner circular surface of the cylinder sleeve; the depth of the thread-shaped groove is 1.33% of the thickness of the cylinder sleeve; the occupancy rate of the thread-type groove on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve is 3.92%.
A design method of a cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance comprises the following steps:
s1, structural design of the thread-type groove: designing threaded grooves which are regularly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, designing the threaded grooves with different widths and depths according to the circumference of the inner circle surface of the cylinder sleeve and the thickness of the cylinder sleeve, and adjusting the occupancy rate of the threaded grooves;
s2, material surface treatment: taking an original cylinder sleeve, processing the thread-shaped groove by using a precision machining technology according to the width, the depth and the occupancy of the thread-shaped groove designed in S1, flushing surface processing iron scrap particles by using gasoline, and cleaning the iron scrap particles on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by using diesel engine lubricating oil again after the gasoline is completely volatilized; processing the original cylinder sleeve aiming at the thread-shaped groove with each width and depth to obtain a plurality of cylinder sleeve samples;
s3, test testing of screw-type groove texture:
observing and measuring the surface appearance of a cylinder sleeve sample by using a surface profiler and a vernier caliper, and determining that the surface texture meets the design requirement; the method comprises the following steps of (1) testing the contact resistance value and the pressure of a combustion chamber of the diesel engine by using a bench testing machine, wherein the contact resistance value represents the thickness of a lubricating oil film between a cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, and the pressure of the combustion chamber of the diesel engine represents the air tightness between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, so that the frictional wear performance and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are evaluated;
s4, determining the size of the thread-type groove texture:
according to the test results, the optimal depth, width and occupancy of the thread groove are selected.
The invention provides a preparation method of a surface texture with comprehensive sealing performance, which is wear-resistant, antifriction and enhanced for a cylinder sleeve-piston ring friction pair. According to the research of relevant documents, the effective output power and the economic performance of the diesel engine are closely related to the tribological performance of a cylinder sleeve and the sealing performance between the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, and the surface texture is processed on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve by designing the angle, the width and the depth of a thread groove structure and adopting a precision machining technology. The surface texture is obtained through test and analysis, so that the frictional wear performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring can be effectively improved, and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring is improved.
The invention designs regular thread type groove textures, adopts a precision machining technology, and machines the continuous groove textures of oil storage and chip storage on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, thereby not only having simple and convenient machining procedures, but also discharging partial wear chips through the flow of lubricating oil.
Compared with the traditional cylinder sleeve, the invention has the following main advantages:
1. the thread-type groove structure has the function of storing lubricating oil. The cylinder sleeve-piston ring friction pair is in a boundary lubrication state in the actual working process, and is in a dry friction state under the condition of poor lubrication, so that the abrasion is serious. The thread-type groove can supply the stored lubricating oil to the friction surface of the cylinder sleeve under the action of the interaction force of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring and the pressure of the lubricating oil and gas, and form a lubricating oil film to reduce the friction coefficient of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring.
2. The thread-type groove structure has the function of storing abrasive dust and impurities. In the mutual movement process of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, the micro-convex bodies on the surfaces of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring fall off to the friction surface of the cylinder sleeve through friction and impact; in addition, in an actual diesel engine, carbon-containing particles and the like formed by insufficient combustion of fuel are also doped on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the fine particles are extruded and deformed on the surface of the cylinder sleeve to adhere to a friction surface or are doped in lubricating oil, so that generation of abrasive dust is further accelerated, and abrasion of a friction pair is further serious. When the wear is too severe, the liner-piston ring gap becomes large, and the sealing performance of the combustion chamber is deteriorated. The existence of the groove enables abrasive dust and impurities to be stored in the groove, and reduces the occurrence of aggravated abrasion, thereby ensuring the performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring.
3. The thread type groove structure has a sealing function. When the diesel engine is in compression and expansion strokes, the pressure difference in the cylinder is greatly changed, so that the vacuum degree/pressure in the cylinder is overlarge, and when the vacuum degree/pressure reaches a certain value, air is sucked/exhausted from a gap between a cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, so that the combustion state in the cylinder and the power of the diesel engine are influenced. If the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve is provided with the thread-shaped groove, lubricating oil is stored and supplied in the groove, so that the lubricating oil film is generated rapidly, a good oil pressure seal is formed in the gap between the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, the cylinder sleeve can bear larger gas impact, the gas leakage in the cylinder is reduced, and the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the diesel engine are improved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a cylinder liner inner surface texture with wear resistance, antifriction and enhanced comprehensive cylinder liner-piston ring sealing performance, which comprises the following steps:
1. investigation of frictional wear of cylinder liner and cylinder liner-piston ring sealing performance
In the early stage, the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve bears the action of high-temperature, high-pressure and high-impact gas and the physical contact of the cylinder sleeve, a piston and a piston ring by data reference and actual ship investigation, so that three types of conventional wear, namely abrasive wear, fusion wear and corrosive wear, appear on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve. Specifically, the abrasion caused by mechanical impurities such as dust, fuel oil dirt, carbon deposit and coking of engine oil, metal abrasive dust and the like sucked into air is called abrasive abrasion; the wear caused by the acidic components of sulfur and other combustion products in the fuel is called corrosive wear; the fusion abrasion is caused by that the piston ring and the cylinder sleeve slide mutually under the conditions of high temperature and critical lubrication, and partial metal can be fused and adhered due to the fact that the sliding area is small and the partial metal is in direct contact and is subjected to local high temperature caused by friction. The abrasion of the cylinder sleeve not only affects the service life of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring, but also has great influence on the sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring, thereby reducing the effective output power of the diesel engine, increasing the emission of pollutants and being different from the significance of the current green ships.
2. Design of cylinder sleeve surface thread groove texture structure
The existence of the thread groove structure on the surface of the cylinder sleeve can improve the wear resistance and the antifriction performance of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring, and the air tightness of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring can be enhanced by a certain surface thread groove structure, but a reasonable surface thread type groove structure is needed by comprehensively considering the friction wear performance and the air tightness of the cylinder sleeve-piston ring. If the inner diameter of the cylinder sleeve body is 95mm and the thickness of the cylinder sleeve body is 15mm, for example, thread grooves with different depths of 100 microns, 150 microns, 200 microns and 250 microns and thread grooves with different widths of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm and 4mm can be machined on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve.
3. Surface treatment of materials
The method comprises the steps of taking an original cylinder sleeve, processing the original cylinder sleeve by using a precision machining technology, washing surface processing iron scrap particles by using gasoline, after the gasoline is completely volatilized, cleaning the iron scrap particles on the surface of the cylinder sleeve again by using diesel engine lubricating oil, and finally applying the iron scrap particles to a testing machine.
4. Test testing of thread groove texture
And observing and measuring the surface appearance of the sample by using a surface profiler and a vernier caliper, and determining that the surface texture meets the design requirement. The invention uses the bench testing machine to test the performance of the invention, combines the contact resistance value and the diesel engine combustion chamber pressure test, the contact resistance value represents the thickness of the lubricating oil film between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, the diesel engine combustion chamber pressure represents the air tightness between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, and the two can comprehensively evaluate the frictional wear performance and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring.
5. Thread groove texture dominance analysis
In the reciprocating motion process of the piston, the piston ring extrudes the lubricating oil in the thread groove, so that the lubricating oil is distributed on the friction surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a lubricating oil film is quickly formed. On one hand, the lubricating oil cylinder has the function of taking away abrasive dust and impurities on the inner surface of the cylinder sleeve, and the abrasive dust and the impurities enter the thread groove, so that more lubricating oil enters the friction surface of the cylinder sleeve; on the other hand, the lubricating oil cylinder sleeve has the function of lubricating the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, the metal contact surface between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is reduced, and the friction and the abrasion between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are reduced, so that the oil consumption of the diesel engine is reduced in the running process; lubricating oil in the thread groove can bear the pressure of mixed gas in the combustion chamber, and compared with mechanical sealing, partial oil pressure sealing has better sealing effect, so that the diesel engine operates more efficiently.
6. Determination of thread groove texture size
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the original cylinder sleeve, the cylinder sleeve with the thread groove structure has larger contact resistance value, the average contact resistance value of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is gradually increased along with the increase of the width of the thread groove, the width of the thread groove is increased within a certain range, and the lubricating condition between the piston rings of the cylinder sleeve can be increased; the maximum contact resistance value was obtained at a thread groove depth of 200 μm, in contrast to thread grooves of different depths.
TABLE 1
In the test process, the air suction and the air displacement in the cylinder reach dynamic balance, when the piston is in a compression stroke, the pressure in the cylinder is continuously increased, part of air leaks through a gap between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, the magnitude of the leakage amount can be represented by the maximum pressure in the cylinder, when the piston is in an air suction stroke, the leakage amount can be represented by the vacuum degree, the quality of the air tightness of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is represented by the average pressure and the average vacuum degree in consideration of the error of the test, and as can be seen from the table 2, compared with the original cylinder sleeve, the air tightness of part of thread grooves can not be improved, but when the depth of the thread grooves is 200 mu m, the average pressure in the cylinder and the average vacuum degree are maximum relative to other groups, and compared with the original.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the pressure fluctuation of the original cylinder sleeve is obvious in the running process of the testing machine, which indicates that the air tightness between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring is unstable in the compression stroke of the piston, the gas leakage amount is large under large pressure, and the pressure value of the original cylinder sleeve is smaller than that of the cylinder sleeve with a thread groove with the depth of 200 microns machined on the surface, so that the cylinder sleeve with the thread groove with the depth of 200 microns machined has better air tightness and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring can be improved. In comprehensive consideration, the depth of a thread groove machined in the cylinder sleeve is 200 mu m, and the width of the thread groove is 4mm, so that the cylinder sleeve has higher research value.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A design method of a cylinder sleeve surface texture capable of improving comprehensive performance is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, structural design of the thread-type groove: designing threaded grooves which are regularly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder sleeve, designing the threaded grooves with different widths and depths according to the circumference of the inner circle surface of the cylinder sleeve and the thickness of the cylinder sleeve, and adjusting the occupancy rate of the threaded grooves;
s2, material surface treatment: taking an original cylinder sleeve, processing the thread-shaped groove by using a precision machining technology according to the width, the depth and the occupancy of the thread-shaped groove designed in S1, flushing surface processing iron scrap particles by using gasoline, and cleaning the iron scrap particles on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by using diesel engine lubricating oil again after the gasoline is completely volatilized; processing the original cylinder sleeve aiming at the thread-shaped groove with each width and depth to obtain a plurality of cylinder sleeve samples;
s3, test testing of screw-type groove texture:
observing and measuring the surface appearance of a cylinder sleeve sample by using a surface profiler and a vernier caliper, and determining that the surface texture meets the design requirement; the method comprises the following steps of (1) testing the contact resistance value and the pressure of a combustion chamber of the diesel engine by using a bench testing machine, wherein the contact resistance value represents the thickness of a lubricating oil film between a cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, and the pressure of the combustion chamber of the diesel engine represents the air tightness between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring, so that the frictional wear performance and the comprehensive sealing performance of the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring are evaluated;
s4, determining the size of the thread-type groove texture:
according to the test results, the optimal depth, width and occupancy of the thread groove are selected.
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| CN110080902A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 曲阜金皇活塞股份有限公司 | A kind of flat cutter line shape piston and its processing method |
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| CN102278225A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2011-12-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low-friction axial unequal-angle platform honing cylinder jacket |
| WO2016053255A1 (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-07 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Reciprocating machine with cylinder having collector groove |
| CN204755095U (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-11-11 | 陈业光 | Adopt nanometer to handle novel cylinder liner of reduction of discharging that economizes on fuel that has double helix wire casing |
| CN105221284B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏大学 | Internal combustion engine cylinder jacket |
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