CN108486080B - Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
- C12N9/1051—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
- C12N9/1074—Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (2.4.1.19)
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- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/18—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins
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- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/44—Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides
- C12P19/60—Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides having an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly bound to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring or a condensed ring system containing a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin
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- C12Y204/01—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
- C12Y204/01019—Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (2.4.1.19)
Abstract
The invention discloses cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of genetic engineering and enzyme engineering. The 156-bit alanine (Ala) of CGTase of P.macerans strain JFB05-01(CCTCC NO: M208063) is respectively replaced by lysine (Lys), glutamine (Gln) and valine (Val), so that the genistein glycosylation efficiency is respectively improved by 23%, 44% and 32%. These mutant enzymes are more favorable for catalyzing the production of glycosylated genistein than the wild-type CGTase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of genetic engineering and enzyme engineering.
Background
Genistein (also known as genistein, etc.) is considered as a soybean isoflavone with the highest activity and function. In leguminous plants, genistein is often present in the form of its glucoside derivative, genistin (also known as 4',5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone-7-glucoside). Genistein has a wide range of pharmacological effects in human and animal cells. The main performance is as follows: 1) has effects in preventing cancer (breast cancer and prostate cancer). Genistein has effects of estrogen-like hormone and anti-hormone, and can inhibit activity of related enzyme in synthesis process of tumor cell, inhibit tumor angiogenesis in formation process of tumor cell, and delay or prevent tumor from becoming cancer cell. 2) Can be used for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Genistein can stimulate lipoprotein receptor with low density to produce positive regulation effect, promote cholesterol removal, inhibit platelet aggregation, and prevent and treat atherosclerosis. 3) Can be used for preventing postmenopausal diseases. Genistein is a typical phytoestrogen, and has estrogenic activity capable of relieving female climacteric syndrome and preventing postmenopausal diseases. 4) Has anti-osteoporosis effect. The estrogen activity of the genistein can activate an estrogen receptor and improve the activity of osteoblasts; in addition, the bone mineral can also increase the bone mineral density, inhibit the bone mass loss and have better improvement effect on the osteoporosis.
However, genistein has strong hydrophobicity, is hardly soluble in water, has poor solubility in common organic solvents, and is easily soluble in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Due to the extremely low solubility of the genistein in the aqueous solution, the application of the genistein in food additives, cosmetics and other water-soluble products is limited, the medicinal effect of the genistein in oral medicaments and intravenous injection medicaments is greatly reduced, and the application of the genistein in the pharmaceutical industry is limited. Therefore, how to improve the solubility of genistein in aqueous solution is the focus of attention at home and abroad. Among them, the most studied are glycosylated derivatives of genistein. It was reported that the solubilities of diglucose-based genistein and triglucose-based genistein in water were 3700 times and 44000 times as high as that of genistein, respectively. Compared with genistein, the glycosylated genistein has the following advantages: 1) has similar physiological and biochemical functions with genistein; 2) the glucose and the genistein can be hydrolyzed in vivo into glucose and genistein which can be absorbed by human body, and the safety is higher; 3) compared with genistein, the water solubility is obviously improved, and the application range of the genistein is expanded. Therefore, the glycosylated genistein has very important application value. Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) is a currently common enzyme that catalyzes glycosylation reactions. However, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) has low efficiency (conversion rate) for genistein glycosylation, so that the molecular modification of CGTase technology to improve the efficiency of genistein glycosylation will promote the rapid development of the industries related to genistein glycosyl derivatives.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase with improved genistein glycosylation efficiency, which comprises mutation of alanine at position 156 compared with the amino acid sequence of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase shown in (GenBank access No. JX412224).
In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is derived from Paenibacillus macerans (Peanibacillus macerans).
In one embodiment of the invention, the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase is obtained by mutating alanine at position 156 to glutamine A156N, lysine A156K and valine A156V, respectively, using a gene published in GenBank JX412224 as a starting gene.
A nucleotide sequence encoding said cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase.
A genetically engineered bacterium or a transgenic cell line expressing the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase.
The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a construction method of a cyclodextrin-producing glucosyltransferase gene engineering bacterium, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) cloning a gene for coding the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase by adopting a chemical total synthesis method or a PCR method;
2) connecting the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase gene obtained in the step 1) to an escherichia coli expression vector to obtain a recombinant expression vector;
3) transforming the recombinant expression vector obtained in the step 2) into escherichia coli BL21 to obtain the genetically engineered bacterium.
The cloning and transformation method is a conventional molecular operation method in the field.
The invention needs to solve another technical problem of providing a production method of the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, which comprises the steps of taking genetically engineered bacteria for producing cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase mutants as production strains, inoculating seed liquid to TB liquid culture medium containing 75-100 mug/mL ampicillin according to the inoculation amount of 2-4 percent after activation; the Escherichia coli is subjected to shaking culture at 30-37 ℃ until OD is reached600Adding IPTG (0.01-0.02 mM) to induce extracellular expression, and further shaking at 23-25 deg.CAfter culturing for a certain time of 85-95 h, centrifuging the fermentation liquor at 4-6 ℃ and 8000-10000rpm for 15-20min to remove thalli, and collecting the supernatant rich in cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase; salting out with ammonium sulfate, dialyzing, and performing nickel column affinity chromatography to obtain relatively pure cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, and lyophilizing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention constructs 3 meaningful mutants, A156V, A156K and A156N, which respectively improve the conversion rate by 32 percent, 23 percent and 44 percent compared with the wild CGTase which utilizes maltodextrin as glycosyl donor to produce glycosylated genistein. The glycosylation efficiency of the genistein by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is improved, the maltodextrin is used as a glycosyl donor, the genistein is used as a glycosyl acceptor, the total yield of the produced glycosylated genistein is higher than that of the wild type CGTase, and the industrial production of the glycosylated genistein is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the conversion rates of the genistein glycosylation reaction catalyzed by wild-type CGTase and mutant enzymes at different reaction times.
Detailed Description
Example 1: cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase with improved genistein glycosylation efficiency
The cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is obtained by replacing alanine at 156 th site of a mature region with other amino acids on the basis of a gene sequence published by GenBank JX412224, and specifically obtains 3 mutants, namely A156K, A156V and A156N.
The 3 sites of the mature region can be substituted by amino acid through chemical total synthesis or PCR.
Example 2: preparation method of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase with improved genistein glycosylation efficiency
The present example is described by taking the PCR method as an example, but the protection of the invention is not limited to the method of obtaining mutation only by the PCR method. The preparation method of the mutant enzymes A156K, A156V and A156N is as follows:
1) site-directed mutagenesis
Site-directed mutagenesis of mutant enzymes A156K, A156V and A156N to express vector cgt/pET-20b (+)1(1, Han, R.Z., Ge, B.B., Jiang, M.Y., Xu, G.C., Dong, J.J., and Ni, Y. (2017) High production of genetic carbohydrate derivative using cyclic glycosylation transfer enzyme from microorganism bacteria, J Ind microbial Bio 44,1343-1354.) as a template, the site-directed mutagenesis primer introduced into the codon A156K was:
a forward primer: 5' -GCTTTGCAGAAAATGGTAAACTGTA-3', the mutated bases are underlined;
reverse primer: 5' -GAGCCGTTATCATACAGTTTACCAT-3', the mutated bases are underlined.
The site-directed mutagenesis primers introduced into codon A156V were:
a forward primer: 5' -GCAGAAAATGGTGTTCTGTAT-3', the mutated bases are underlined;
reverse primer: 5' -GTTATCATACAGAACACCATT-3', the mutated bases are underlined.
The site-directed mutagenesis primers introduced into codon A156N were:
a forward primer: 5' -GCAGAAAATGGTAACCTGTATGATA-3', the mutated base is underlined;
reverse primer: 5' -GCCGTTATCATACAGGTTACCAT-3', the mutated bases are underlined.
The PCR reaction systems are as follows: 5 × PrimeSTAR Buffer (Mg)2+Plus) 5. mu.L, 2.5mM dNTPs 4. mu.L, 10. mu.M forward primer 1. mu.L, 10. mu.M reverse primer 1. mu.L, template DNA 1. mu.L, 2.5U/. mu.L PrimeSTAR Taq HS 0.5. mu.L, double distilled water was added to 50. mu.L;
the PCR product amplification conditions were all: pre-denaturation at 98 ℃ for 3 min; then carrying out 30 cycles of 10s at 98 ℃, 15s at 57 ℃ and 6min at 72 ℃; finally, keeping the temperature at 72 ℃ for 10 min;
treating the PCR product by Dpn I, transforming escherichia coli JM109 competent cells, culturing the competent cells in an LB solid culture medium containing 100 mu g/mL ampicillin overnight, selecting single clones to be cultured in an LB liquid culture medium containing 100 mu g/mL ampicillin, extracting plasmids, transforming and expressing host escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells by the mutant plasmids, and correctly sequencing all the plasmids;
2) mutant expression and purification:
selecting a monoclonal transferred into an expression host escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to be cultured and grown in an LB liquid culture medium containing 100 mug/mL ampicillin for 8-10 h, and inoculating seed fermentation liquid to a TB liquid culture medium containing 100 mug/mL ampicillin according to the inoculation amount of 4%; escherichia coli was shake-cultured at 30 ℃ to OD6000.6-0.8, adding IPTG (isopropyl thiogalactoside) with the final concentration of 0.01mM to induce extracellular expression, continuously culturing and fermenting for 85-95 h at 25 ℃ by using a shaking table, centrifuging the fermentation liquor at 4 ℃ and 10000rpm for 20min to remove thalli, and collecting supernatant.
Adding 30% solid ammonium sulfate into the supernatant, salting out overnight, centrifuging at 4 deg.C and 10000rpm for 20min, dissolving the precipitate with appropriate amount of buffer solution A containing 20mM sodium phosphate, 0.5M sodium chloride, 20mM imidazole, pH7.4, dialyzing in buffer solution A overnight, filtering with 0.22 μ M membrane to obtain sample; after the Ni affinity column is balanced by a buffer solution A, absorbing a sample to the Ni affinity column, after the sample is completely absorbed, respectively eluting by the buffer solution A, the buffer solution A containing 20-480mM imidazole and the buffer solution A containing 480mM imidazole at the flow rate of 1mL/min and the detection wavelength of 280nm, and collecting the eluate containing CGTase enzyme activity; after the active fractions were dialyzed overnight in 50mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6), purified mutant enzymes a156K, a156V, a156N were obtained, respectively, and lyophilized for use.
Example 3: this example illustrates the enzymatic activity assay and detection of genistein glycosylation.
The enzyme activity determination method comprises the following steps:
a method for measuring α -cyclic activity by methyl orange assay, which comprises adding 0.1mL of an appropriately diluted enzyme solution to a 3% soluble starch solution containing 0.9mL of a buffer solution prepared in advance with 50mM phosphate buffer (pH6.5), reacting at 40 ℃ for 10min, adding 1.0mL of 1.0M hydrochloric acid to stop the reaction, adding 1.0mL of 0.1mM methyl orange prepared with 50mM phosphate buffer, incubating at 16 ℃ for 20min, and measuring the absorbance at 505nm, wherein one enzyme activity unit defines the amount of enzyme required to produce 1. mu. mol of α -cyclodextrin per minute under the conditions described above.
The starch hydrolysis activity determination method comprises the following steps: an appropriate amount of the enzyme solution was added to 50mM phosphate buffer (pH6.5) containing 1% soluble starch, reacted at 50 ℃ for 10min, and then the reducing sugar concentration was measured by the DNS method. One enzyme activity unit defines the amount of enzyme required to produce 1. mu. mol reducing sugar per minute under the conditions.
Disproportionation reaction activity measuring method 10mM citric acid buffer (pH 6.0) containing 6mM donor substrate 4-nitrophenyl- α -D-maltoheptose-4-6-O-Ethylene (EPS) and 10mM acceptor substrate maltose was incubated at 50 ℃ for 10min, then 0.1mL of an appropriately diluted enzyme solution was added for reaction, 100. mu.L of the reaction sample was taken every 0.5min, 20. mu.L of 1.2M HCl (4 ℃) was added, followed by incubation at 60 ℃ for 10min to inactivate CGTase, 20. mu.L of 1.2M NaOH was added for neutralization, the sample was added to phosphate buffer (pH7.0), 60. mu.L (1U) of α -glycosidase was added to react at 37 ℃ for 60min, 1mL of 1M sodium carbonate was added to raise the pH of the sample to 8 or more, and absorbance was measured at the lower side of 401nm wavelength (. epsilon.401 ∈ 18.4mM ═ 18.4mM-1). 1 unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme converting 1. mu. mol per minute.
The method comprises the following steps of dissolving genistein in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare a solution with a final concentration of 7.5g/L, dissolving maltodextrin in a PBS buffer solution (50mM, pH6.5) to prepare a solution with a final concentration of 40g/L, dissolving freeze-dried CGTase enzyme powder in the PBS buffer solution (50mM, pH6.5) to prepare an enzyme solution with a final concentration of 15g/L, mixing 300 mu L of genistein solution, 500 mu L of α -cyclodextrin solution and 200 mu L of CGTase enzyme solution in a 2mL small tube with a cover, placing the small tube in a 40 ℃ shaking table, slowly shaking for 20-24h, and analyzing a reaction solution through HPLC.
HPLC detection method of glycosylated genistein: the enzyme reaction sample was filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and detected using an AmethylsC 18-H column (4.6X 250mm, Sepax, America). The specific detection conditions are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 HPLC DETECTION OF GLYCOSYLATED DYEIN CONDITIONS
2) And (3) enzyme activity comparison: the experimental results are shown in the following table, and compared with the pure enzyme product of wild bacteria, the pure enzyme product of the mutant obtained by expressing the mutant can find that:
the α -cyclization activity of mutant enzyme A156K and A156N is slightly higher than that of WT, while the α -cyclization activity of mutant enzyme A156V is reduced to about 50% of WT.
TABLE 2 comparison of the enzyme Activity Properties of the original enzyme and the mutant
The α -cyclization activity of the mutant enzyme A156K and A156N is slightly increased compared with that of WT, while the α -cyclization activity of the mutant enzyme A156V is reduced to about 50% of that of WT;
compared with WT, the starch hydrolysis activity of the mutant enzymes A156K and A156V is not changed greatly, and the starch hydrolysis activity of the mutant enzyme A156N is improved by 26.8 percent compared with the WT;
compared with WT, the disproportionation activities of the mutant enzymes A156K, A156N and A156V are respectively improved: 17%, 39% and 28%.
3) Comparison of the glycosylation efficiency of wild-type CGTase and mutant enzyme catalyzed genistein at different reaction times: the results are shown in FIG. 1, and it can be found that the glycosylation efficiency of the mutant enzymes A156K, A156N and A156V with WT reached the highest level in the reaction time of 20-24 h. The maximum glycosylation efficiency of the mutant enzymes A156K, A156N and A156V is increased by 23%, 44% and 32% respectively compared with that of WT.
4) Comparison of the efficiency of catalytic genistein glycosylation of other CGTase mutants with the mutant enzymes a156K, a156N and a 156V: the inventors also made saturation mutations at positions 150, 151 and 156, and as shown in the table below, none of the other mutants catalyzed genistein glycosylation as efficiently as the mutant enzymes a156K, a156N and a 156V.
| Sample (I) | Glycosylation efficiency (%) | Sample (I) | Glycosylation efficiency (%) |
| |
100 | A156S | 85 |
| G150K | 23 | A156T | 44 |
| G150V | 35 | A156C | 11 |
| Y151A | 41 | A156M | 52 |
| Y151S | 27 | A156N | 144 |
| A156G | 33 | A156Q | 23 |
| |
12 | A156D | 62 |
| A156I | 18 | A156E | 73 |
| A156P | 42 | A156K | 123 |
| A156F | 39 | A156R | 59 |
| A156Y | 28 | A156H | 48 |
| A156W | 52 | A156V | 132 |
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
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Claims (8)
1. A mutant cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, wherein the alanine at position 156 is mutated to glutamine as compared to a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase of GenBank JX 412224.
2. A nucleotide fragment encoding the mutant of claim 1.
3. A vector comprising a gene encoding the mutant of claim 1.
4. A genetically engineered bacterium expressing the mutant of claim 1.
5. A method for constructing the genetically engineered bacterium of claim 4, which comprises the following steps:
1) cloning a gene for coding the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase by adopting a chemical total synthesis method or a PCR method;
2) connecting the cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase gene obtained in the step 1) to an escherichia coli expression vector to obtain a recombinant expression vector;
3) transforming the recombinant expression vector obtained in the step 2) into escherichia coli BL21 to obtain the genetically engineered bacterium.
6. A method for producing cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, the method comprising:
taking the genetically engineered bacterium as claimed in claim 5 as a production strain, inoculating the seed solution to TB liquid culture medium containing 75-100 μ g/mL ampicillin in an inoculum size of 2-4% after activation; the Escherichia coli is subjected to shaking culture at 30-37 ℃ until OD is reached600= 0.6-0.8, adding IPTG with 0.01-0.02mM final concentration to induce extracellular expression, continuing to shake and culture for 85-95 h at 23-25 ℃, centrifuging the fermentation liquor for 15-20min at 4-6 ℃ and 8000-10000rpm to remove bacteria, and collecting supernatant rich in cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase; salting out with ammonium sulfate, dialyzing, and performing nickel column affinity chromatography to obtain relatively pure cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, and lyophilizing.
7. Use of a mutant according to claim 1 for the glycosylation of genistein.
8. Use of the mutant of claim 1 in the fields of food, chemical or textile.
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| WO2021088352A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | 江南大学 | Method for producing long-chain glycosylated genistein |
| CN110734946B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-09-24 | 江南大学 | Method for producing long-chain glycosylated genistein |
| CN110804597B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-04 | 江南大学 | Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase mutant and application thereof |
| US11203743B2 (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-12-21 | Jiangnan University | Method for producing long-chain glycosylated genistein |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2305799A3 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2011-08-24 | Novozymes A/S | Maltogenic alpha-amylase variants |
| CN106754604A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 江南大学 | One kind improves the water miscible method of genistein using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase Transglycosylation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2305799A3 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2011-08-24 | Novozymes A/S | Maltogenic alpha-amylase variants |
| CN106754604A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-31 | 江南大学 | One kind improves the water miscible method of genistein using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase Transglycosylation |
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| 环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的基因改造与高效表达;夏亚穆等;《中国生物工程杂志》;20151231;第35卷(第2期);第106页2.1 * |
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