CN108485751B - Desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into blast furnace and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents

Desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into blast furnace and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN108485751B
CN108485751B CN201810291975.2A CN201810291975A CN108485751B CN 108485751 B CN108485751 B CN 108485751B CN 201810291975 A CN201810291975 A CN 201810291975A CN 108485751 B CN108485751 B CN 108485751B
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oxide
desulfurization
combustion improver
pulverized coal
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CN108485751A (en
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汪茂晓
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Ma'anshan Keyu environmental protection equipment Co.,Ltd.
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Maanshan Keyu Environment Engineering Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a desulfurization and denitrification combustion-supporting method for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnaceThe combustion improver is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-23% of manganese dioxide, 5-8% of ferric oxide, 9-13% of barium carbonate, 10-16% of calcium oxide, 5-8% of sodium carbonate, 10-16% of rare earth oxide, 2-6% of titanium dioxide, 3-6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon; the rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-55% of yttrium oxide, 25-35% of lanthanum oxide and 20-30% of indium oxide; the average particle size of the rare earth oxide is 10-40 mu m; the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver has obvious combustion-supporting effect on coal dust, can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the coal dust and effectively reduce NOxAnd SOxThe purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

Description

Desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into blast furnace and preparation method and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion improvers, in particular to a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
Because of the structural characteristics of energy sources of rich coal, poor oil and less gas in China, the energy consumption structure mainly based on coal is difficult to change in China for a long time. The traditional combustion mode of the coal at present can not realize the high-efficient utilization of the coal, causes the great waste of resources, and simultaneously, because of the existence of N, S and other elements in the coal, a large amount of SO can be generated during combustionx、NOxAnd the like, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the like, and influence the environment.
The combustion process of coal is complex and generally comprises 3 stages of initial volatile analysis, volatile combustion and fixed carbon combustion. The 1 st stage is the pyrolysis reaction of coal, organic matters in the coal are thermally decomposed at the stage, side chains and functional groups broken from macromolecules form volatile components, and meanwhile, pyrolysis residual products are subjected to thermal polycondensation reaction to form fixed carbon. When the temperature reaches the ignition point in the 2 nd stage, the volatile components of the coal undergo a combustion reaction, and the combustion mechanism is complex and the reaction is rapid. Generally the rate of combustion of a volatile component depends on its evolution rate. Stage 3 is the oxidation of carbon with oxygen at high temperature.
The following reactions occur throughout the combustion of coal: the main reaction is C and O2Combustion to CO2(ii) a Is at O2CO formation when insufficient or too high a temperature; (iii) C and CO2Reacting under certain conditions to produce CO; n, S elements and O in coal2The reaction produces a great amount of pollutant gases such as SOx, NO, etc.
The blast furnace coal powder injection has become a mainstream technology for dealing with environmental pollution, optimizing energy structures and simultaneously improving economic benefits of enterprises of blast furnaces in all countries in the world. Under the current raw fuel and process conditions, when the coal injection ratio of the iron-making blast furnace exceeds a certain threshold value, the combustion rate of pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is reduced, so that the coal coke replacement ratio is reduced, the coke load is increased, the normal stable and smooth operation of the blast furnace is influenced, and the inconvenience is brought to the operation of the blast furnace. The coal powder combustion-supporting catalyst is a beneficial measure for improving the combustion process of coal powder under the condition of blast furnace injection, and a certain proportion of combustion improver is added during coal powder injection, so that the combustion efficiency can be improved to a great extent, the adverse effect of unburned coal powder on blast furnace smelting is weakened, and the blast furnace obtains the best economic benefit. Therefore, in recent years, studies for improving the combustion performance of coal by adding a combustion improver have been increasingly focused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for blast furnace injected coal dust, and a preparation method and a use method thereofxAnd SOxThe purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-23% of manganese dioxide, 5-8% of ferric oxide, 9-13% of barium carbonate, 10-16% of calcium oxide, 5-8% of sodium carbonate, 10-16% of rare earth oxide, 2-6% of titanium dioxide, 3-6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon;
the rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-55% of yttrium oxide, 25-35% of lanthanum oxide and 20-30% of indium oxide; the average particle size of the rare earth oxide is 10-40 mu m.
Preferably, the combustion improver is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-22.5% of manganese dioxide, 6-7% of ferric oxide, 10-12% of barium carbonate, 11-14% of calcium oxide, 5.5-6.5% of sodium carbonate, 11-14.5% of rare earth oxide, 4-5.5% of titanium dioxide, 5-6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
Preferably, the combustion improver is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 21.5% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 11.2% of barium carbonate, 13% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 12.2% of rare earth oxide, 4.5% of titanium dioxide, 4.8% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
Preferably, the rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of yttrium oxide, 28% of lanthanum oxide and 22% of indium oxide.
Preferably, the average particle size of the rare earth oxide is 15-20 μm.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio;
(2) crushing activated carbon, sieving with a 30-50-mesh sieve, adding raw materials except rare earth oxide into the activated carbon coarse powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a grinder for grinding, and sieving with a 100-140-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
(3) and uniformly mixing the mixture with the rare earth oxide to obtain the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mixture is obtained by sieving the mixture with a 130-mesh sieve.
The use method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace comprises the following steps: adding a coal powder combustion improver accounting for 0.8-1.6% of the total mass of the coal powder into the coal powder, and uniformly mixing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the combustion improver has good combustion-supporting effect, and the components such as manganese oxide, barium carbonate, calcium oxide and the like can effectively improve the volatile component release amount and the heat release amount of the coal dust, and have great promotion effect on the ignition characteristic and the burnout index of the coal dust. Meanwhile, the added calcium oxide has a good sulfur fixation effect, and the iron oxide, the sodium carbonate and the titanium dioxide have a certain catalysis effect on the calcium oxide for sulfur fixation, so that the sulfur fixation rate is effectively improved. The addition of titanium dioxide and sodium carbonate can effectively reduce the emission of NO.
The rare earth oxide added in the invention has good catalytic effect on the coal powder as well as manganese oxide, barium carbonate and calcium oxide. Under the action of rare earth oxide, the lattice structure of carbon can be distorted, so that volatile matters which are difficult to crack in coal can be released in advance, the starting temperature of combustion reaction of fixed carbon is greatly reduced, and the combustion efficiency of pulverized coal is improved. Meanwhile, the yttrium oxide, the lanthanum oxide and the indium oxide in the rare earth compound have good matching effect, and the combustion-supporting effect is better than that of only one rare earth oxide.
The combustion improver has obvious combustion-supporting effect on the injected coal dust, can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the coal dust, and can effectively reduce NOxAnd SOxThe purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 21.5% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 11.2% of barium carbonate, 13% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 12.2% of rare earth oxide, 4.5% of titanium dioxide, 4.8% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of yttrium oxide, 28% of lanthanum oxide and 22% of indium oxide; the average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide was 15 μm.
The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio;
(2) crushing the activated carbon and sieving the crushed activated carbon by a 40-mesh sieve, then adding raw materials except the rare earth oxide into the coarse activated carbon powder, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a grinder for grinding, and sieving the mixture by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
(3) and uniformly mixing the mixture with the rare earth oxide to obtain the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace.
Example 2:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 23% of manganese dioxide, 5% of ferric oxide, 13% of barium carbonate, 12% of calcium oxide, 7% of sodium carbonate, 13% of rare earth oxide, 4% of titanium dioxide, 6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 55% of yttrium oxide, 25% of lanthanum oxide and 25% of indium oxide; the average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide was 10 μm.
The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio;
(2) crushing activated carbon and sieving the crushed activated carbon by a 50-mesh sieve, then adding raw materials except rare earth oxide into the activated carbon coarse powder, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a grinder for grinding, and sieving the mixture by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
(3) and uniformly mixing the mixture with the rare earth oxide to obtain the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace.
Example 3:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of manganese dioxide, 8% of ferric oxide, 9% of barium carbonate, 10% of calcium oxide, 8% of sodium carbonate, 10% of rare earth oxide, 2% of titanium dioxide, 5% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% of yttrium oxide, 35% of lanthanum oxide and 25% of indium oxide; the average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide was 40 μm.
The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio;
(2) crushing activated carbon and sieving the crushed activated carbon by a 30-mesh sieve, then adding raw materials except rare earth oxide into the coarse activated carbon powder, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a grinder for grinding, and sieving the mixture by a 140-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
(3) and uniformly mixing the mixture with the rare earth oxide to obtain the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace.
Example 4:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 10% of barium carbonate, 16% of calcium oxide, 5% of sodium carbonate, 16% of rare earth oxide, 6% of titanium dioxide, 3% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40% of yttrium oxide, 30% of lanthanum oxide and 30% of indium oxide; the average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide was 20 μm.
The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio;
(2) crushing the activated carbon and sieving the crushed activated carbon by a 40-mesh sieve, then adding raw materials except the rare earth oxide into the coarse activated carbon powder, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a grinder for grinding, and sieving the mixture by a 130-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
(3) and uniformly mixing the mixture with the rare earth oxide to obtain the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace.
Example 5:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 22.5% of manganese dioxide, 6% of ferric oxide, 12% of barium carbonate, 11% of calcium oxide, 6.5% of sodium carbonate, 14.5% of rare earth oxide, 5.5% of titanium dioxide, 6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of yttrium oxide, 30% of lanthanum oxide and 20% of indium oxide; the average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide was 15 μm.
The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Example 6:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 10% of barium carbonate, 14% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 11% of rare earth oxide, 4% of titanium dioxide, 5% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The rare earth oxide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of yttrium oxide, 30% of lanthanum oxide and 25% of indium oxide; the average particle diameter of the rare earth oxide was 20 μm.
The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is the same as that in the embodiment 2.
The use method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the blast furnace injected pulverized coal in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention comprises the following steps: adding a coal powder combustion improver accounting for 0.8-1.6% of the total mass of the coal powder into the coal powder, and uniformly mixing.
Comparative example 1:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 21.5% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 11.2% of barium carbonate, 13% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 12.2% of yttrium oxide, 4.5% of titanium dioxide, 4.8% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The mean particle size of the yttrium oxide was 15 μm.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 21.5% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 11.2% of barium carbonate, 13% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 12.2% of lanthanum oxide, 4.5% of titanium dioxide, 4.8% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The average particle size of lanthanum oxide was 15 μm.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3:
a desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 21.5% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 11.2% of barium carbonate, 13% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 12.2% of indium oxide, 4.5% of titanium dioxide, 4.8% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
The average particle size of the indium oxide was 15 μm.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
And (3) performance testing:
dividing common pulverized coal into 10 groups, taking the 1 st to 9 th groups as experimental groups, taking the 10 th group as a blank group, adding the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver in the examples 1 to 6 into the common pulverized coal in the 1 st to 6 th groups of experimental groups respectively, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed pulverized coal; respectively adding the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver in the comparative examples 1-3 into the common coal powder in the 7 th-9 th experimental groups, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed coal powder; the addition amount of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver is 1.3 percent of the total mass of the pulverized coal contained in each experimental group.
100g of mixed coal powder is weighed in the 1 st to 9 th groups of experimental groups respectively, 100g of common coal powder is weighed in the control group, then the combustion rate of each group of coal powder is measured, and the specific test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 pulverized coal combustion rate
Item Wind temperature/. degree C Furnace temperature/. degree.C Combustion rate/%)
Experimental group 1 1050 1250 78.52
Experimental group 2 1050 1250 78.16
Experimental group 3 1050 1250 78.06
Experimental group 4 1050 1250 77.98
Experimental group 5 1050 1250 78.26
Experimental group 6 1050 1250 78.41
Experimental group 7 1050 1250 74.25
Experimental group 8 1050 1250 74.01
Experimental group 9 1050 1250 73.29
Blank group 1050 1250 65.32
The pulverized coal added with the combustion improver in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention has higher combustion rate, and the pulverized coal added with the combustion improver is reduced by 30 to 45 percent compared with the gas sulfur compound of the common pulverized coal and is reduced by 55 to 65 percent compared with the smoke particulate matter of the common pulverized coal. Meanwhile, the comparison of the data in the experimental groups 1 to 6 and the data in the experimental groups 7 to 9 shows that the rare earth compound has good matching effect of yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide and indium oxide, and the combustion-supporting effect is better than that of only one rare earth oxide.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 18-23% of manganese dioxide, 5-8% of ferric oxide, 9-13% of barium carbonate, 10-16% of calcium oxide, 5-8% of sodium carbonate, 10-16% of a composition, 2-6% of titanium dioxide, 3-6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon;
the composition is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-55% of yttrium oxide, 25-35% of lanthanum oxide and 20-30% of indium oxide; the average particle size of the composition is 10-40 μm.
2. The desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion improver is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-22.5% of manganese dioxide, 6-7% of ferric oxide, 10-12% of barium carbonate, 11-14% of calcium oxide, 5.5-6.5% of sodium carbonate, 11-14.5% of the composition, 4-5.5% of titanium dioxide, 5-6% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
3. The desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace as claimed in claim 2, wherein the combustion improver is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 21.5% of manganese dioxide, 7% of ferric oxide, 11.2% of barium carbonate, 13% of calcium oxide, 5.5% of sodium carbonate, 12.2% of the composition, 4.5% of titanium dioxide, 4.8% of potassium nitrate and the balance of activated carbon.
4. The desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 50% of yttrium oxide, 28% of lanthanum oxide and 22% of indium oxide.
5. The desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the composition is 15-20 μm.
6. The preparation method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the formula ratio;
(2) crushing the activated carbon and sieving the crushed activated carbon by a 30-50-mesh sieve, then adding the raw materials except the composition into the activated carbon coarse powder, uniformly mixing, then placing the mixture into a grinder for grinding, and sieving the mixture by a 100-140-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
(3) and uniformly mixing the mixture and the composition to obtain the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the blast furnace injected pulverized coal.
7. The method for preparing the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the mixture is obtained by sieving the pulverized coal with a 130-mesh sieve.
8. The use method of the desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a coal powder combustion improver accounting for 0.8-1.6% of the total mass of the coal powder into the coal powder, and uniformly mixing.
CN201810291975.2A 2018-04-03 2018-04-03 Desulfurization and denitrification combustion improver for pulverized coal injected into blast furnace and preparation method and use method thereof Active CN108485751B (en)

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