CN108478936B - The method and apparatus of proton therapeutic dosage and range is determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal - Google Patents
The method and apparatus of proton therapeutic dosage and range is determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1071—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1092—Details
- A61N2005/1096—Elements inserted into the radiation path placed on the patient, e.g. bags, bolus, compensators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, this method comprises: receive proton-induced thermoacoustic signal by ultrasonic sensor, and analyze it extraction when walking, shape information；Ray tracing is carried out to proton-induced thermoacoustic signal propagation path in vivo, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；To the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position when determining using perturbation method, inversion equation is established；Thermoacoustic source position and rate pattern are obtained by iterative fitting；Thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method；The rate pattern that the position and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal that thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity are propagated in human body；By proton beam energies distribution relation, the dosage and range of proton therapeutic are determined.The resulting experimental result of the present invention had both saved runing time and has in turn ensured positioning accuracy, can be used widely in proton therapeutic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical physics fields, more particularly to one kind to determine proton therapeutic agent by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal
The method and apparatus of amount and range.
Background technique
All the time, tumour seriously threatens the health of people.Currently, radiotherapy is that control and treatment tumour are normal
One of method, but during clinical radiotherapy, with radioactive ray enter human body, dosage and incident depth at
Exponential damping, this makes normal tissue before and after tumour or organ be also subject to different degrees of influence, to cause radiation anti-
It should and damage.And proton therapeutic tumour can effectively improve this case, because forming Prague (Bragg) when proton beam radiation
The physical characteristic at peak, keeps energy a large amount of in the position at the peak Bragg and fast deposition swells when the peak Bragg is located at therapy area
Normal tissue around tumor and the dosage that organ receives are seldom, greatly reduce treatment damage.In addition, the depth at the peak Bragg is in
Energy dependence, it is extraneous can by adjusting the proton beam energies of incident human body, according to the width at gross tumor volume suitable control peak,
High-energy regions can be made to concentrate on different depth and different size of tumor region in this way, to achieve the purpose that treatment.
The difficult point of proton therapeutic first is that positioning to the peak Bragg, since its physical characteristic determines, once to the peak Bragg
Positioning is inaccurate, and big energy will be made to be deposited on non-focal zone, to cause bigger harm with organ to normal tissue.The U.S.
KC Jones team be the case where propagation in water for proton beam, to be found in its experiment to proton dose and positioning analysis
Proton beam can induce the ultrasonic signal for generating and being known as alpha, gamma wave in communication process, and α wave is that the heating region before bragg peak produces
Raw, the source of γ wave is the peak Bragg of proton, and the arrival time of the α and γ wave crest at sensor reflects respectively leaves matter
The distance of beamlet propagation axis and Bragg peak center, therefore, the arrival time difference by alpha, gamma wave crest are the position that may know that the peak Bragg
It sets.But water is uniform dielectric, and the spread speed of sound wave in water is known, and human body medium is non-uniform, and
And the rate pattern that sound wave is propagated in human body is unknown, therefore the method for KC Jones team cannot be in actual proton therapeutic
It uses.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that for the defects in the prior art, providing a kind of by proton-induced heat
Acoustical signal determines the method and apparatus of proton therapeutic dosage and range.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
The present invention provides a kind of method for determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, including with
Lower step:
Step 1, the exposure pathways interval around setting ultrasonic sensor in proton beam, receive proton by ultrasonic sensor
Thermoacoustic signal is induced, and analyzes it extraction when walking, shape information；
Step 2, interpolation algorithm when linearly walking using wavefront expansion, to the propagation road of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo
Diameter carries out ray tracing, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；
Step 3, when determining using perturbation method to the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position, establish inversion equation；
The non-linear least square problem that step 4, solution are made of inversion equation obtains thermoacoustic source position by iterative fitting
It sets and rate pattern；
Step 5 solves the problems, such as thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity by parameters separated method；
Step 6, the position that thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal are propagated in human body
Rate pattern；
Step 7 passes through proton beam energies distribution relation, determines the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
Further, the thermoacoustic source position in this method of the invention includes the peak position Bragg.
Further, it is solved in step 4 of the invention using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and is made of inversion equation
Non-linear least square problem.
Further, thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and rate pattern are solved by parameters separated method in step 5 of the invention
The method of the double coupled problems of disturbance quantity specifically:
Inversion equation are as follows: δ t=A δ x+B δ v；
Wherein, A is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to thermoacoustic source position, and B is partial derivative square of the travel time residual to speed
Battle array, x are the position in thermoacoustic source, and v is rate pattern, and δ v is the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and δ x is the disturbance quantity of thermoacoustic source position, δ t
For travel time residual；
Singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first is carried out to AT, obtain matrix U；
Then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0], it is assumed that matrix A has r singular value, there is p thermoacoustic source position, sensing
Device number is d, then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1For pth-r column, U0For d-p column.Its purpose is to separation parameters, are carried out by U
After parameters separated, obtain:
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern is calculated according to above formula, then passes through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculates thermoacoustic source position
The correction amount δ (δ x) for the disturbance quantity set.
Further, position and the proton-induced heat in thermoacoustic source are further corrected in step 6 of the invention by disturbance quantity
The method for the rate pattern that acoustical signal is propagated in human body specifically:
The disturbance quantity δ of thermoacoustic source position is obtained by correction amount δ (δ x) amendment of the disturbance quantity of obtained thermoacoustic source position
X, i.e. δ x=δ x+ δ (δ x) correct initial sound source position x with the disturbance quantity δ x of the sound source position after amendment0, i.e. x=x0+ δ x,
And the disturbance quantity δ v of obtained rate pattern is corrected into initial velocity model v0, i.e. v=v0+δv。
The present invention provides a kind of equipment for determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, comprising:
Multiple ultrasonic sensors, are arranged at intervals near the exposure pathways of proton beam, receive proton by ultrasonic sensor
Induce thermoacoustic signal；
Data processor is connected with ultrasonic sensor, for proton-induced thermoacoustic signal carry out analysis extract walk when, wave
Shape information；Using interpolation algorithm when linearly walking of wavefront expansion, the propagation path of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo is carried out
Ray tracing, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；To the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position when determining using perturbation method, build
Vertical inversion equation；The non-linear least square problem being made of inversion equation is solved, thermoacoustic source position is obtained by iterative fitting
And rate pattern；Thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method；
The rate pattern that the position and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal that thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity are propagated in human body；Pass through
Proton beam energies distribution relation determines the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
The beneficial effect comprise that: it is of the invention by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal determine proton therapeutic dosage with
The method and apparatus of range, the ultrasonic signal excited when entering human body using proton beam (i.e. proton-induced thermoacoustic signal) come true
Determine the intracorporal proton energy distribution of people when proton therapeutic and therapeutic dose, proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is by being mounted on human body
On sonic transducer receive, analyzed by information when walking, shape information, the spectrum information etc. to thermoacoustic signal, obtain matter
The relevant parameter of sub- range of energy distribution and therapeutic dose；It has fully considered in the case where rate pattern is unknown to proton energy
The uncertainty of Distribution and localization solves the problems, such as the double couplings of Position And Velocity by using the method for parameters separated, by this hair
The result of bright acquisition will be more scientific, more accurate.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In order to solve in proton therapeutic neoplastic process, unknown thermoacoustic signal determines the peak Bragg in the intracorporal spread speed of people
The problem of position.The invention discloses a kind of by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal with determine proton therapeutic dosage and range method and
Equipment, the ultrasonic signal (i.e. proton-induced thermoacoustic signal) that it is excited when entering human body using proton beam, to determine proton therapeutic
When the intracorporal proton energy distribution of people and therapeutic dose.It needs to use in the invention and be spaced apart along proton irradiation direction
The sensor for being close to body surface receives the thermoacoustic signal generated by proton-induced, obtains the arrival time of thermoacoustic signal.Lead to again
The path that computer program simulation thermoacoustic signal is propagated in vivo is crossed, when obtaining simulating.Then inverting is determined using perturbation method
Pass through Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm after equation to be fitted to obtain the initial position at the peak Bragg.For correction position information
And rate pattern, the disturbance quantity of rate pattern and location information that the present invention is asked respectively using parameters separated, in multiplicating
Step is stated, until travel time residual meets some requirements, exports position and the rate pattern at the final peak Bragg.Finally, logical
It crosses Energy distribution relationship and obtains the dosage distribution at the peak Bragg.When resulting experimental result had both saved operation through the invention
Between in turn ensure positioning accuracy, therefore, can be used widely in proton therapeutic.
As shown in Figure 1, considering that proton beam can lure in communication process present invention is primarily based on proton-induced thermoacoustic signal
Artificial delivery give birth to alpha, gamma wave, proposition it is a kind of by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal to determine the method for proton therapeutic dosage and range and set
Ultrasonic signal standby, that it is excited when entering human body using proton beam, come the intracorporal proton energy distribution of people when determining proton therapeutic
Range and therapeutic dose, proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is received by being mounted on the sonic transducer of human body table, by thermoacoustic signal
Information, shape information, spectrum information etc. when walking analyzed, obtain proton energy distribution it is related to therapeutic dose joins
Number.(1) using the ultrasonic signal of proton excitation as information source；(2) required for being obtained by the analysis to the ultrasonic signal
Treatment monitoring parameter；(3) the treatment monitoring parameter obtained includes but is not limited to the position etc. at the peak Bragg.The present invention sufficiently examines
Consider in the case where rate pattern is unknown to the uncertainty of proton Energy distribution positioning, by using the method for parameters separated
Solve the problems, such as the double couplings of Position And Velocity.The result obtained through the invention will be more scientific, more accurate.
In embodiments of the present invention, the position that x is sound source (the including but not limited to peak Bragg) is defined, definition v is speed mould
Type, x0For initial sound source position, v0For initial velocity model, tobsFor sensor it is received walk when the time, tcalTo use ray to chase after
When the resulting minimum of track method calculating is walked, δ x is the disturbance quantity of sound source position, and δ v is the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and A is travel time residual
To the partial derivative matrix of sound source position, B is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to speed, and δ t is travel time residual, δ t=tobs-
tcal, δ (δ x) is the correction amount of sound source position disturbance quantity.
Step 1, proton beam radiation path interval around places sensor with patient, so that it is close to human body surface, subtracts
The interference that noise in few air generates signal.Thermoacoustic signal is received with the sensor of arrangement, tracer signal waveform simultaneously extracts
T when walkingobs。
Step 2, by priori knowledge and the audit report of patient early period, setting initial velocity is distributed v0With initial sound source
Position x0, initial velocity distributed model is subjected to gridding, speed is consistent in each grid.Using wavefront expansion when linearly walking
Propagation road of interpolation (Linear Traveltime Interpolation, the LTI) algorithm to proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo
Diameter carries out ray tracing, calculates t when the minimum of preliminary wave is walkedcal.Computational accuracy can kept using the method for wavefront expansion
In the case of reduce program runtime.
Step 3, to the partial derivative matrix A of position when determining using perturbation method, the inversion equation δ unrelated with speed is established
T=A δ x.
Step 4, the non-linear least square function constituted using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm solution procedure 3 is led to
Crossing multiple iterative fitting can be obtained the disturbance quantity δ x of sound source position.
Step 5, sound source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method.Its
Middle inversion equation is δ t=A δ x+B δ v.It can be reduced the calculation amount of program using parameters separated method, and improve the stability of program.
In this part, singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first is carried out to AT, then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0].Assuming that matrix A
There is r singular value, there is p sound source position, number of probes d.Then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1For pth-r column, U0For d-p column.
Its purpose is to separation parameters.After carrying out parameters separated by U, obtain:
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern is calculated according to above formula, then passes through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculates sound source position
Disturbance quantity correction amount δ (δ x).
Step 6, correction amount δ (δ x) amendment step 4 of the disturbance quantity of the sound source position obtained by step 5 obtains sound source position
The disturbance quantity δ x set, i.e. δ x=δ x+ δ (δ x) correct initial sound source position x with the disturbance quantity δ x of the sound source position after amendment0,
That is x=x0+δx.And the disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern obtained in step 5 is corrected into initial velocity model v0, i.e. v=v0+δv。
Step 7, step 2-6 is repeated, until objective function restrains or reaches preset cycle-index, is at this moment obtained
Sound source position x for our thermoacoustic signal sources (or the peak Bragg) required for final position.It is distributed and is closed by proton beam energies
System, the intracorporal proton energy distribution of people and therapeutic dose when determining proton therapeutic.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
Step 1, the exposure pathways interval around setting ultrasonic sensor in proton beam, receive proton-induced by ultrasonic sensor
Thermoacoustic signal, and analyze it extraction when walking, shape information；
Step 2, using wavefront expansion linearly walk when interpolation algorithm, to the propagation path of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo into
Row ray tracing, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；
Step 3, when determining using perturbation method to the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position, establish inversion equation；
Step 4, the non-linear least square problem that is made of inversion equation of solution, by iterative fitting obtain thermoacoustic source position with
And rate pattern；
Step 5 solves the problems, such as thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity by parameters separated method；
The method that thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double coupled problems of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved by parameters separated method in step 5
Specifically:
Inversion equation are as follows: δ t=A δ x+B δ v；
Wherein, A is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to thermoacoustic source position, and B is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to speed, x
For the position in thermoacoustic source, v is rate pattern, and δ v is the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and δ x is the disturbance quantity of thermoacoustic source position, and δ t is to walk
When residual error；
Singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first is carried out to AT, obtain matrix U；
Then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0], it is assumed that matrix A has r singular value, there is p thermoacoustic source position, sensor
Number is d, then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1For pth-r column, U0For d-p column, its purpose is to separation parameters, carry out parameter by U
After separation, obtain:
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern is calculated according to above formula, then passes through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculates thermoacoustic source position
The correction amount δ (δ x) of disturbance quantity；
The speed that step 6, the position that thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal are propagated in human body
Spend model；
Step 7 passes through proton beam energies distribution relation, determines the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
2. the method according to claim 1 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, the thermoacoustic source position in this method includes the peak position Bragg.
3. the method according to claim 1 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, solves the non-linear least square being made of inversion equation in step 4 using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
Problem.
4. the method according to claim 1 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, the position in thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity in step 6 and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal passes in human body
The method for the rate pattern broadcast specifically:
Disturbance quantity the δ x, i.e. δ of thermoacoustic source position are obtained by correction amount δ (δ x) amendment of the disturbance quantity of obtained thermoacoustic source position
X=δ x+ δ (δ x) corrects initial sound source position x with the disturbance quantity δ x of the sound source position after amendment0, i.e. x=x0+ δ x, and will
The disturbance quantity δ v of obtained rate pattern corrects initial velocity model v0, i.e. v=v0+δv。
5. a kind of equipment for determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal characterized by comprising
Multiple ultrasonic sensors, are arranged at intervals near the exposure pathways of proton beam, receive proton-induced by ultrasonic sensor
Thermoacoustic signal；
Data processor is connected with ultrasonic sensor, for proton-induced thermoacoustic signal carry out analysis extract walk when, waveform believe
Breath；Using interpolation algorithm when linearly walking of wavefront expansion, ray is carried out to the propagation path of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo
Tracking, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；To the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position when determining using perturbation method, establish anti-
Drill equation；Solve the non-linear least square problem that is made of inversion equation, by iterative fitting obtain thermoacoustic source position and
Rate pattern；Thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method；Pass through
The rate pattern that disturbance quantity further corrects the position in thermoacoustic source and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is propagated in human body；Pass through proton
Beam energy distribution relation determines the dosage and range of proton therapeutic；
The method for solving thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double coupled problems of rate pattern disturbance quantity by parameters separated method specifically:
Inversion equation are as follows: δ t=A δ x+B δ v；
Wherein, A is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to thermoacoustic source position, and B is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to speed, x
For the position in thermoacoustic source, v is rate pattern, and δ v is the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and δ x is the disturbance quantity of thermoacoustic source position, and δ t is to walk
When residual error；
Singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first is carried out to AT, obtain matrix U；
Then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0], it is assumed that matrix A has r singular value, there is p thermoacoustic source position, sensor
Number is d, then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1For pth-r column, U0For d-p column, its purpose is to separation parameters, carry out parameter by U
After separation, obtain:
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern is calculated according to above formula, then passes through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculates thermoacoustic source position
The correction amount δ (δ x) of disturbance quantity.
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