CN108478936A - Proton therapeutic dosage and the method and apparatus of range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal - Google Patents
Proton therapeutic dosage and the method and apparatus of range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1071—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1092—Details
- A61N2005/1096—Elements inserted into the radiation path placed on the patient, e.g. bags, bolus, compensators
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Abstract
Determining that proton therapeutic dosage and the method and apparatus of range, this method include by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal the invention discloses a kind of：Proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is received by sonac, and analyzes it extraction when walking, shape information；Ray tracing is carried out to proton-induced thermoacoustic signal propagation path in vivo, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；To the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position when determining using perturbation method, inversion equation is established；Thermoacoustic source position and rate pattern are obtained by iterative fitting；Thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method；The position in thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity and rate pattern that proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is propagated in human body；By proton beam energies distribution relation, the dosage and range of proton therapeutic are determined.The experimental result of gained of the invention had both saved run time and has in turn ensured positioning accuracy, can be used widely in proton therapeutic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical physics fields, more particularly to one kind determining proton therapeutic agent by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal
The method and apparatus of amount and range.
Background technology
All the time, tumour seriously threatens the health of people.Currently, radiotherapy is that control and treatment tumour are normal
One of method, but during clinical radiotherapy, as radioactive ray enter human body, dosage and incident depth at
Exponential damping, this makes normal structure before and after tumour or organ be also subject to different degrees of influence, to cause radiation anti-
It should and damage.And proton therapeutic tumour can effectively improve this case, because forming Prague (Bragg) when proton beam radiation
The physical characteristic at peak, keeps energy a large amount of in the position at the peaks Bragg and fast deposition swells when the peaks Bragg are located at therapy area
Normal structure around tumor and the dosage that organ receives are seldom, greatly reduce treatment damage.In addition, the depth at the peaks Bragg is in
Energy dependence, it is extraneous can by adjusting the proton beam energies of incident human body, according to the width at gross tumor volume suitable control peak,
High-energy regions can be made to concentrate on different depth and different size of tumor region in this way, to achieve the purpose that treatment.
One of difficult point of proton therapeutic is the positioning to the peaks Bragg, since its physical characteristic determines, once to the peaks Bragg
Positioning is inaccurate, and big energy will be made to be deposited on non-focal zone, to the harm to normally organizing to cause bigger with organ.The U.S.
KC Jones team be the case where propagation in water for proton beam, to be found in its experiment to proton dose and positioning analysis
It is the heating region production before bragg peak that proton beam can induce the ultrasonic signal for generating and being known as alpha, gamma wave, α waves in communication process
Raw, the source of γ waves is the peaks Bragg of proton, and the arrival time of the α and γ wave crests at sensor reflects respectively leaves matter
The distance of beamlet propagation axis and Bragg peak centers, therefore, the arrival time difference by alpha, gamma wave crest are the position that may know that the peaks Bragg
It sets.But water is uniform dielectric, and the spread speed of sound wave in water is known, and human body medium is non-uniform, and
And the rate pattern that sound wave is propagated in human body is unknown, therefore the method for KC Jones team cannot be in actual proton therapeutic
It uses.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for the defects in the prior art, to provide a kind of by proton-induced heat
Acoustical signal determines proton therapeutic dosage and the method and apparatus of range.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The present invention provides a kind of method determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, including with
Lower step：
Step 1, the exposure pathways interval around setting sonac in proton beam, proton is received by sonac
Thermoacoustic signal is induced, and analyzes it extraction when walking, shape information；
Step 2, interpolation algorithm when linearly walking using wavefront expansion, to the propagation road of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo
Diameter carries out ray tracing, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；
Step 3, when determining using perturbation method to the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position, establish inversion equation；
The non-linear least square problem that step 4, solution are made of inversion equation obtains thermoacoustic source position by iterative fitting
It sets and rate pattern；
Step 5 solves the problems, such as thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity by parameters separated method；
Step 6, the position that thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal are propagated in human body
Rate pattern；
Step 7, by proton beam energies distribution relation, determine the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
Further, the thermoacoustic source position in this method of the invention includes the peak positions Bragg.
Further, it is solved using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms in step 4 of the invention and is made of inversion equation
Non-linear least square problem.
Further, thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and rate pattern are solved by parameters separated method in step 5 of the invention
The method of the double coupled problems of disturbance quantity is specially：
Inversion equation is：δ t=A δ x+B δ v；
Wherein, A is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to thermoacoustic source position, and B is partial derivative square of the travel time residual to speed
Battle array, x are the position in thermoacoustic source, and v is rate pattern, and δ v are the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and δ x are the disturbance quantity of thermoacoustic source position, δ t
For travel time residual；
Singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first are carried out to AT, obtain matrix U；
Then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0], it is assumed that matrix A has r singular value, there is p thermoacoustic source position, sensing
Device number is d, then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1It is arranged for pth-r, U0It is arranged for d-p.Its purpose is to separation parameters, are carried out by U
After parameters separated, obtain：
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern are calculated according to above formula, then pass through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculate thermoacoustic source position
The correction amount δ (δ x) for the disturbance quantity set.
Further, position and the proton-induced heat in thermoacoustic source are further corrected in step 6 of the invention by disturbance quantity
The method for the rate pattern that acoustical signal is propagated in human body is specially：
The disturbance quantity δ of thermoacoustic source position is obtained by correction amount δ (δ x) amendments of the disturbance quantity of obtained thermoacoustic source position
X, i.e. δ x=δ x+ δ (δ x) correct initial sound source position x with the disturbance quantity δ x of the sound source position after amendment0, i.e. x=x0+ δ x,
And the disturbance quantity δ v of obtained rate pattern are corrected into initial velocity model v0, i.e. v=v0+δv。
The present invention provides a kind of equipment determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, including：
Multiple sonacs, are arranged at intervals near the exposure pathways of proton beam, and proton is received by sonac
Induce thermoacoustic signal；
Data processor is connected with sonac, and the when of extracting, wave are analyzed for being carried out to proton-induced thermoacoustic signal
Shape information；Using interpolation algorithm when linearly walking of wavefront expansion, the propagation path of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo is carried out
Ray tracing, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；To the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position when determining using perturbation method, build
Vertical inversion equation；The non-linear least square problem being made of inversion equation is solved, thermoacoustic source position is obtained by iterative fitting
And rate pattern；Thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method；
The position in thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity and rate pattern that proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is propagated in human body；Pass through
Proton beam energies distribution relation determines the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal determine proton therapeutic dosage with
The method and apparatus of range, the ultrasonic signal excited when entering human body using proton beam (i.e. proton-induced thermoacoustic signal) come true
Determine proton energy distribution and therapeutic dose in human body when proton therapeutic, proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is by being mounted on human body
On sonic transducer receive, by thermoacoustic signal when walking information, shape information, spectrum information etc. analyze, obtain matter
The relevant parameter of sub- range of energy distribution and therapeutic dose；It has fully considered in the case where rate pattern is unknown to proton energy
The uncertainty of Distribution and localization solves the problems, such as the double couplings of Position And Velocity, by this hair by using the method for parameters separated
The result of bright acquisition will more science, more accurately.
Description of the drawings
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing：
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In order to solve in proton therapeutic neoplastic process, spread speed of the unknown thermoacoustic signal in human body is fixed to the peaks Bragg
The problem of position.The invention discloses it is a kind of by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal with determine proton therapeutic dosage and range method and
Equipment, the ultrasonic signal (i.e. proton-induced thermoacoustic signal) that it is excited when entering human body using proton beam, to determine proton therapeutic
Proton energy distribution in Shi Renti and therapeutic dose.It needs to use in the invention and be spaced apart along proton irradiation direction
The sensor for being close to body surface receives the thermoacoustic signal generated by proton-induced, obtains the arrival time of thermoacoustic signal.Lead to again
The path that computer program simulation thermoacoustic signal is propagated in vivo is crossed, when obtaining simulating.Then inverting is determined using perturbation method
It is fitted to obtain the initial position at the peaks Bragg by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms after equation.For correction position information
And rate pattern, the disturbance quantity for the rate pattern and location information that the present invention is asked respectively using parameters separated, in multiplicating
Step is stated, until travel time residual meets some requirements, exports position and the rate pattern at the final peaks Bragg.Finally, lead to
It crosses Energy distribution relationship and obtains the dosage distribution at the peaks Bragg.When the experimental result of gained had both saved operation through the invention
Between in turn ensure positioning accuracy, therefore, can be used widely in proton therapeutic.
As shown in Figure 1, present invention is primarily based on proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, consider that proton beam can lure in communication process
Artificial delivery give birth to alpha, gamma wave, proposition it is a kind of by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal to determine the method for proton therapeutic dosage and range and set
Ultrasonic signal standby, that it is excited when entering human body using proton beam, come proton energy distribution when determining proton therapeutic in human body
Range and therapeutic dose, proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is by the sonic transducer reception mounted on human body table, by thermoacoustic signal
Information, shape information, spectrum information etc. when walking analyzed, obtain proton energy distribution it is related to therapeutic dose joins
Number.(1) use the ultrasonic signal of proton excitation as information source；(2) required for by being obtained to the analysis of the ultrasonic signal
Treatment monitoring parameter；(3) the treatment monitoring parameter obtained includes but not limited to the position etc. at the peaks Bragg.The present invention fully examines
The uncertainty positioned to proton Energy distribution in the case where rate pattern is unknown is considered, by using the method for parameters separated
Solve the problems, such as the double couplings of Position And Velocity.The result obtained through the invention will more science, more accurately.
In embodiments of the present invention, the position that x is sound source (including but not limited to the peaks Bragg) is defined, definition v is speed mould
Type, x0For initial sound source position, v0For initial velocity model, tobsFor time when walking that sensor receives, tcalTo use ray to chase after
When the minimum that track method calculates gained is walked, δ x are the disturbance quantity of sound source position, and δ v are the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and A is travel time residual
To the partial derivative matrix of sound source position, B is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to speed, and δ t are travel time residual, δ t=tobs-
tcal, δ (δ x) is the correction amount of sound source position disturbance quantity.
Step 1, proton beam radiation path interval around places sensor with patient, so that it is close to human body surface, subtracts
The interference that noise in few air generates signal.Thermoacoustic signal is received with the sensor of arrangement, tracer signal waveform simultaneously extracts
T when walkingobs。
Step 2, by priori and the audit report of patient early period, setting initial velocity is distributed v0With initial sound source
Position x0, initial velocity distributed model is subjected to gridding, each grid medium velocity is consistent.Using wavefront expansion when linearly walking
Propagation road of interpolation (Linear Traveltime Interpolation, the LTI) algorithm to proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo
Diameter carries out ray tracing, calculates t when the minimum of preliminary wave is walkedcal.Computational accuracy can kept using the method for wavefront expansion
In the case of reduce program runtime.
Step 3, to the partial derivative matrix A of position when determining using perturbation method, the inversion equation δ unrelated with speed is established
T=A δ x.
Step 4, the non-linear least square function constituted using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms solution procedure 3 is led to
Cross the disturbance quantity δ x that multiple iterative fitting can be obtained sound source position.
Step 5, sound source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method.Its
Middle inversion equation is δ t=A δ x+B δ v.The calculation amount of program can be reduced using parameters separated method, and improves the stability of program.
In this part, singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first are carried out to AT, then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0].Assuming that matrix A
There is r singular value, there is p sound source position, number of probes d.Then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1It is arranged for pth-r, U0It is arranged for d-p.
Its purpose is to separation parameters.After carrying out parameters separated by U, obtain：
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern are calculated according to above formula, then pass through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculate sound source position
Disturbance quantity correction amount δ (δ x).
Step 6, correction amount δ (δ x) amendment step 4 of the disturbance quantity of the sound source position obtained by step 5 obtains sound source position
The disturbance quantity δ x set, i.e. δ x=δ x+ δ (δ x) correct initial sound source position x with the disturbance quantity δ x of the sound source position after amendment0,
That is x=x0+δx.And the disturbance quantity δ v of the rate pattern obtained in step 5 are corrected into initial velocity model v0, i.e. v=v0+δv。
Step 7, step 2-6 is repeated, until object function restrains or reaches preset cycle-index, is at this moment obtained
Sound source position x for our final required thermoacoustic signal sources (or the peaks Bragg) position.It is distributed and is closed by proton beam energies
System, proton energy distribution and therapeutic dose when determining proton therapeutic in human body.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
Step 1, the exposure pathways interval around setting sonac in proton beam, proton-induced is received by sonac
Thermoacoustic signal, and analyze it extraction when walking, shape information；
Step 2, using wavefront expansion linearly walk when interpolation algorithm, to the propagation path of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo into
Row ray tracing, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；
Step 3, when determining using perturbation method to the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position, establish inversion equation；
Step 4, the non-linear least square problem that is made of inversion equation of solution, by iterative fitting obtain thermoacoustic source position with
And rate pattern；
Step 5 solves the problems, such as thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity by parameters separated method；
The speed that step 6, the position that thermoacoustic source is further corrected by disturbance quantity and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal are propagated in human body
Spend model；
Step 7, by proton beam energies distribution relation, determine the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
2. the method according to claim 1 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, the thermoacoustic source position in this method includes the peak positions Bragg.
3. the method according to claim 1 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, solves the non-linear least square being made of inversion equation in step 4 using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms
Problem.
4. the method according to claim 1 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double coupled problems of rate pattern disturbance quantity is solved by parameters separated method in step 5
Method be specially：
Inversion equation is：δ t=A δ x+B δ v；
Wherein, A is partial derivative matrix of the travel time residual to thermoacoustic source position, and B is travel time residual to the partial derivative matrix of speed, x
For the position in thermoacoustic source, v is rate pattern, and δ v are the disturbance quantity of rate pattern, and δ x are the disturbance quantity of thermoacoustic source position, and δ t are to walk
When residual error；
Singular value decomposition A=U Λ V first are carried out to AT, obtain matrix U；
Then by matrix U subregion U=[U2 U1 U0], it is assumed that matrix A has r singular value, there is p thermoacoustic source position, sensor
Number is d, then U2It is arranged for the preceding r of U, U1It is arranged for pth-r, U0It is arranged for d-p.Its purpose is to separation parameters, and parameter is carried out by U
After separation, obtain：
The disturbance quantity δ v of rate pattern are calculated according to above formula, then pass through A+A δ (δ x)=- A+B δ v calculate thermoacoustic source position
The correction amount δ (δ x) of disturbance quantity.
5. the method according to claim 4 that proton therapeutic dosage and range are determined by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal,
It is characterized in that, the position and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal for further correcting thermoacoustic source in step 6 by disturbance quantity pass in human body
The method for the rate pattern broadcast is specially：
Disturbance quantity the δ x, i.e. δ of thermoacoustic source position are obtained by correction amount δ (δ x) amendments of the disturbance quantity of obtained thermoacoustic source position
X=δ x+ δ (δ x) correct initial sound source position x with the disturbance quantity δ x of the sound source position after amendment0, i.e. x=x0+ δ x, and will
The disturbance quantity δ v of obtained rate pattern correct initial velocity model v0, i.e. v=v0+δv。
6. a kind of equipment determining proton therapeutic dosage and range by proton-induced thermoacoustic signal, which is characterized in that including：
Multiple sonacs, are arranged at intervals near the exposure pathways of proton beam, and proton-induced is received by sonac
Thermoacoustic signal；
Data processor is connected with sonac, and the when of extracting, waveform letter are analyzed for being carried out to proton-induced thermoacoustic signal
Breath；Using interpolation algorithm when linearly walking of wavefront expansion, ray is carried out to the propagation path of proton-induced thermoacoustic signal in vivo
Tracking, and when the minimum for calculating preliminary wave is walked；To the partial derivative matrix of thermoacoustic source position when determining using perturbation method, establish anti-
Drill equation；Solve the non-linear least square problem that is made of inversion equation, by iterative fitting obtain thermoacoustic source position and
Rate pattern；Thermoacoustic source position disturbance quantity and the double couplings of rate pattern disturbance quantity are solved the problems, such as by parameters separated method；Pass through
The rate pattern that disturbance quantity further corrects the position in thermoacoustic source and proton-induced thermoacoustic signal is propagated in human body；Pass through proton
Beam energy distribution relation determines the dosage and range of proton therapeutic.
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| CN110292724A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | One proton goes out beam path and range online verification method, apparatus and system |
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| US20190175947A1 (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-06-13 | Sarah Kathryn Patch | Systems and methods for radiation beam range verification using sonic measurements |
| US10758127B2 (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2020-09-01 | Sarah Kathryn Patch | Systems and methods for radiation beam range verification using sonic measurements |
| CN109876310A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-14 | 彭浩 | Monitoring method, device and the system of proton therapeutic |
| CN110292724A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | One proton goes out beam path and range online verification method, apparatus and system |
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