CN108469576B - Direct-current fault detection method for multi-terminal alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network - Google Patents

Direct-current fault detection method for multi-terminal alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network Download PDF

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CN108469576B
CN108469576B CN201810359382.5A CN201810359382A CN108469576B CN 108469576 B CN108469576 B CN 108469576B CN 201810359382 A CN201810359382 A CN 201810359382A CN 108469576 B CN108469576 B CN 108469576B
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CN108469576A (en
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祁晓敏
裴玮
肖浩
孔力
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Institute of Electrical Engineering of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct current fault detection method for a multi-terminal alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network, which comprises the steps of calculating the voltage change rate of current-limiting inductors of each direct current line after a direct current interelectrode short circuit and a single-pole ground fault occur in the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network, and determining the threshold value of each step of fault detection; comparing the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor with the fault detection threshold value to obtain a detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs in the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network; comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of each direct-current line with a fault line identification threshold value to obtain an identification result of the fault line of the alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network; the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of a fault line is subjected to difference and is compared with a fault type identification threshold value to obtain an identification result of the fault type of the AC/DC hybrid power distribution network; and (4) making a difference between the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rates of the fault line, comparing the difference with the fault pole judgment threshold value, and judging the direct current fault pole of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network.

Description

Direct-current fault detection method for multi-terminal alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct current fault detection method for a multi-terminal alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution networks.
Background
With the rapid development of distributed power generation technology and the increase of interconnection requirements of regional power grids, the traditional alternating current power distribution network has difficulty in meeting the requirements of practical application. Compared with the traditional alternating current distribution network, the direct current distribution network is easier to realize distributed energy access, has lower loss, less environmental pollution and higher electric energy quality, and is widely concerned and researched at home and abroad. However, it is not practical to completely replace the ac distribution network with the dc distribution network, and from the viewpoint of utilizing the existing ac distribution network resources and the advantages of the dc distribution network, the ac/dc hybrid distribution network is one of the important forms of the future distribution network. The interconnection that multizone AC distribution network was realized through direct current distribution lines to the mixed distribution network of multiterminal alternating current, and simultaneously, direct current distribution lines can insert distributed power source and other loads according to the demand. Because the damping of the direct current distribution network is small, once a direct current fault occurs, the fault current is rapidly increased and spreads to the whole system. Especially after a multi-terminal direct current power grid is formed, the superposition of fault currents of a plurality of converter stations can cause greater damage to the system. This puts higher demands on the fault detection speed and accuracy of the system, and in general, the protection system of the dc power grid needs to detect the dc line fault within 2ms, which cannot be achieved by the fault detection technology of the existing ac power distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fast and accurate dc fault detection method for a multi-terminal ac/dc hybrid power distribution network.
In recent years, relevant research on direct current fault detection has been carried out at home and abroad. Yang J, Fletcher J E, O' Reilly J and the like, Short-Circuit and group Fault analysis and Location in VSC-Based DCNetwork Cables, which are written in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2012, volume 59, No. 10, analyze Fault current characteristics of different stages of direct current Fault of a single converter station, and provide corresponding Fault current expressions, but only analyze a single-ended system and do not consider contributions of a plurality of converter stations. In "Locating and modeling DC Faults in Multi-Terminal DC Systems" written in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2007, volume 22, No. 3 of Tang L, Ooi B T, it is proposed to use a "holding method" to identify the faulty line, but the fault identification speed is slow, and the identification of the fault type and the judgment of the fault pole are not considered. According to High-speed differential detection for Smart DC distribution systems, which are disclosed in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5 vol.5, Fletcher S DA, Norman P J, Fong K and the like, a direct current fault line detection method is provided by using a current difference value at two ends of a direct current line. In "DCfault detection and location in shared multi-terminal HVDC systems based on dc reactor voltage change rate", which is published in volume 3 of volume 32, 2017, of Li R, Xu L, Yao L, the dc fault detection is realized by using the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of the dc line, but the fault characteristics of the non-faulty converter station after the dc fault are not considered, and only the dc fault detection method is studied, and the determination methods of the fault type and fault pole are not mentioned. In the ' multi-terminal flexible direct current single-pole ground fault line identification method based on short-time energy ', which is recorded in ' power grid technology ' 2016, volume 40, No. 3 ' of Bitianshu, Wangshuai, Jia Ke, and the like, a direct current single-pole ground fault line is identified by using the short-time energy of fault current after a system has a direct current fault, but the method has high requirements on sampling data quantity and low fault detection speed, a detection object is only limited to a single-pole ground fault, and the characteristics of the inter-pole short circuit fault are not analyzed. The Chinese patent 201610326099 entitled "a direct current power grid fault detection positioning device" provides a direct current ring network fault positioning method in Xiao Li, Wei Tong, Zhu jin, etc., but does not consider the identification of fault types and the judgment of fault poles.
In short, most of the existing researches are directed at single-ended systems, the fault characteristics of the non-fault converter station after the direct-current fault of the multi-ended system is not considered, and the existing researches do not provide a comprehensive direct-current fault detection method including fault detection, fault line identification, fault type identification and fault pole judgment.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the method for detecting the direct-current fault of the multi-terminal alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network overcomes the defects of the prior art, is convenient to calculate in the fault detection process, simple and feasible, can realize quick and accurate prediction of the direct-current fault of the multi-terminal alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network, determines the fault line, the fault type and the fault pole, and can adapt to changes of conditions such as transition resistance, fault distance and power reversal.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for detecting direct current faults of a multi-terminal alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network comprises the following steps:
step 101: calculating the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor after the direct current interelectrode short circuit and the single-pole grounding fault of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network occur, and determining the threshold value of each fault detection step;
step 102: comparing the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor with the fault detection threshold value according to the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor calculated in the step 101 to obtain a detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs in the alternating current/direct current hybrid power distribution network;
step 103: according to the detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs to the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 102, comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of each direct current line with the fault line identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network;
step 104: according to the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 103, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subjected to difference and is compared with a fault type identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network;
step 105: and according to the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 104, making a difference on the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line, comparing the difference with the fault pole judgment threshold value, and judging the direct current fault pole of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network.
Each step is specifically described as follows:
1. in step 101, after the ac/dc hybrid power distribution network has a dc interelectrode short circuit and a single-pole ground fault, the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of each dc line is obtained by the following equations (1) - (2):
Figure BDA0001635551740000031
Figure BDA0001635551740000032
wherein, Ucl1pp、Ucl1pgAre respectively an electrodeDirect current line current limiting inductor voltage, U, at inter-short circuit fault and single pole ground fault01、I01The dc voltage and the initial value of the dc line current are set. Delta1=R14/L1
Figure BDA0001635551740000033
β1=arctan(ω11),L1=2(L14+Lcl1),R2=R14+Rf,L2=L14+Lcl1。RfTransition resistance for monopolar earth fault, Lcl1Current limiting inductance for faulty DC lines, C1Being the DC-side capacitance, R, of a faulty converter station14、L14Respectively, the equivalent resistance and the inductance of the direct current line from the fault converter station to the fault point.
2. In step 101, after the ac/dc hybrid power distribution network has a dc interelectrode short circuit and a single-pole ground fault, the threshold of each step of fault detection includes: a fault detection threshold, a fault line identification threshold, a fault type identification threshold and a fault pole judgment threshold.
3. In step 102, the judgment formula for comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of each dc line with the fault detection threshold is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000034
wherein i is the serial number of each current-limiting inductor, UcliLimiting the inductor voltage, dU, for each converter station DC linethdAnd/dt is a fault detection threshold.
4. In step 103, the judgment formula for comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of each dc line with the identification threshold of the fault line is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000035
wherein i is the serial number of each current-limiting inductor, UcliThe inductor voltage is limited for the dc lines of each converter station,dUthland/dt is a fault line identification threshold.
5. In step 104, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subtracted, and the judgment formula of comparing the difference with the fault type identification threshold value is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000041
wherein i is the serial number of each current-limiting inductor, Uclip、UclinThe voltage dU of the current-limiting inductance of the DC line of the converter stationthtThe/dt is the fault type identification threshold.
6. In step 105, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subtracted, and the judgment formula of comparing the difference with the fault pole judgment threshold value is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000042
wherein i is the serial number of each current-limiting inductor, Uclip、UclinThe voltage dU of the current-limiting inductance of the DC line of the converter stationthpAnd/dt is a fault pole judgment threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a fault detection method capable of quickly and accurately carrying out fault detection, fault line identification, fault type identification and fault pole judgment based on analysis and calculation of the current-limiting inductance voltage change rate of a fault converter station and a non-fault converter station when a multi-terminal alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network has a direct current fault, the calculation is simple, the detection is accurate, the detection of the multi-terminal alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network direct current fault can be realized, a foundation is laid for the design of a system control strategy and a protection scheme, the isolation and the fault recovery of the system direct current fault are facilitated, the method is not influenced by transition resistance, fault distance and converter station power reversal, and the calculation precision can be ensured under various fault conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a DC fault detection method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a direct-current interelectrode short-circuit fault of a multi-terminal radiation-shaped alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a DC fault detection method according to the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, the present invention comprises the following steps: 101. calculating the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor after the direct current interelectrode short circuit and the single-pole grounding fault of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network occur, and determining the threshold value of each fault detection step; 102. comparing the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor with the fault detection threshold value according to the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor calculated in the step 101 to obtain a detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs in the alternating current/direct current hybrid power distribution network; 103. according to the detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs to the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 102, comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of each direct current line with the fault line identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network; 104. according to the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 103, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subjected to difference and is compared with a fault type identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network; 105. and according to the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 104, making a difference on the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line, comparing the difference with the fault pole judgment threshold value, and judging the direct current fault pole of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network.
1. Step 101: after the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network generates direct current interelectrode short circuit and single-pole grounding fault, the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor is calculated, and the threshold value of each fault detection step is determined:
fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a direct-current interelectrode short-circuit fault of a multi-terminal radiation-shaped alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network. The system consists of a converter station direct current side capacitor, a direct current line equivalent resistor, a direct current line equivalent inductor and a direct current line current limiting inductor. Wherein i is the number of the converter station 1, 2, 3, C 1201a、C2201b、C 3201c is the DC side capacitance of each converter station, L cl1202a、L cl2202b、L cl3202c is the current-limiting inductance, R, of each DC line 14203a、L 14204a are respectively the equivalent resistance and inductance R of the direct current line from the fault converter station 1 to the fault point 20203b、L 20204b are respectively the equivalent resistance and inductance of the direct current line from the converter station 2 to the common connection point of each converter station, R 30203c、L 30204c are the dc link equivalent resistance and inductance of the converter station 3 to the common connection point of the converter stations, respectively. R 04205 is the equivalent resistance of the direct current line from the fault point to the common connection point of the converter stations, L04And 206 is the equivalent inductance of the direct current line from the fault point to the common connection point of each converter station.
From fig. 2, the differential equation of the dc capacitor discharge loop of each converter station can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000051
wherein i is the number of the converter station 1, 2, 3, UdciFor the DC capacitor voltage, i, of each converter stationppiDischarging current for the direct current capacitor of each converter station.
After the inter-electrode short-circuit fault is obtained by the formula (1), the expression of the current-limiting inductance of the direct-current line of the fault converter station 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000052
wherein, U01、I01The dc voltage and the initial value of the dc line current are set. Delta1=R14/L1
Figure BDA0001635551740000053
Figure BDA0001635551740000061
β1=arctan(ω11),L1=2(L14+Lcl1),R2=R14+Rf,L2=L14+Lcl1
After the inter-electrode short-circuit fault is obtained by the formula (2), the expression of the current-limiting inductance voltage of the direct-current line of the fault converter station 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000062
after the inter-electrode short-circuit fault is obtained by the formula (3), the expression of the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of the direct-current line of the fault converter station 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000063
wherein, Ucl1ppThe voltage of the current-limiting inductor of the direct current line is used for the short-circuit fault between electrodes.
In the same way, after the unipolar earth fault is obtained, the expression of the current-limiting inductance voltage of the direct-current line of the fault converter station 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000064
Figure BDA0001635551740000065
wherein R is2=R14+Rf,L2=L14+Lcl1,RfIs the transition resistance of a single-pole ground fault.
After the unipolar earth fault is obtained from the equation (5), the expression of the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of the direct-current line of the fault converter station 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000066
wherein, Ucl1pgThe voltage of the direct current line current-limiting inductor is in single-pole earth fault.
The fault detection threshold value dU can be determined according to the formulas (4) and (7)thdDt, fault line identificationThreshold value dUthlDt, fault type recognition threshold dUthtDt and fault pole determination threshold dUthp/dt。
2. Step 102: comparing the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor with the fault detection threshold value according to the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor calculated in the step 101 to obtain a detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs in the alternating current/direct current hybrid power distribution network:
the fault detection decision formula can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001635551740000067
wherein dUthdAnd/dt is a fault detection threshold, and i represents the number of each current-limiting inductor. When the fault detection device on any current-limiting inductor in the system detects that the voltage change rate is larger than a set threshold value, the system is judged to have a direct-current fault. The fault detection criterion is simple and high in judgment speed, and the direct-current fault detection is carried out by adopting single-ended quantity, so that the influence of communication delay is avoided.
3. Step 103: according to the detection result of whether the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network has the direct current fault in the step 102, comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of each direct current line with the fault line identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network:
the fault line identification and judgment formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000071
wherein dUthlAnd/dt is a preset fault line identification threshold value. And when the condition of the equation (9) is met, namely the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of a certain line exceeds a threshold value, judging the ith line as a fault line. After a fault occurs, the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of the fault line can be rapidly increased, so that the method can rapidly identify the fault line and meet the requirement of a direct current system on fault line identification.
4. Step 104: according to the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 103, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subjected to difference and is compared with a fault type identification threshold value, and the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network is obtained:
the fault type identification judgment formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000072
wherein, Uclip、UclinThe voltage of the positive and negative current-limiting inductance of the fault line, dUthtThe/dt is the fault type identification threshold. And when the absolute value of the voltage change rate difference value of the positive current-limiting inductance and the negative current-limiting inductance of the fault line is smaller than a threshold value, judging that the fault is an inter-electrode short-circuit fault. And when the absolute value of the voltage change rate difference value of the positive current-limiting inductor and the negative current-limiting inductor of the fault line is greater than or equal to the threshold value, judging that the fault is a single-pole grounding fault.
5. Step 105: according to the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 104, making a difference between the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rates of the fault line, comparing the difference with the fault pole judgment threshold value, and judging a direct current fault pole of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network:
the fault pole judgment formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001635551740000073
wherein dUthpAnd/dt is a fault pole determination threshold. And when the difference value between the amplitude of the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of the positive pole line and the amplitude of the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of the negative pole line is larger than a threshold value, determining that the positive pole is in ground fault. And when the difference value of the amplitudes of the two is negative and is smaller than the threshold value, the negative earth fault is judged. The threshold value is set so as to avoid interference such as system noise and leave a sufficient fault pole determination margin.
The detection of the direct-current fault of the multi-terminal alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network, the identification of a fault line, the identification of a fault type and the judgment of a fault pole can be realized according to the formulas (8) to (11).

Claims (1)

1. A method for detecting direct current faults of a multi-terminal alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the fault detection method comprises the following steps:
step 101: after a direct-current interelectrode short circuit and a single-pole ground fault occur in the alternating-current and direct-current hybrid power distribution network, calculating the voltage change rate of each direct-current line current-limiting inductor, and determining related thresholds according to the voltage change rate, wherein the related thresholds comprise a fault detection threshold, a fault line identification threshold, a fault type identification threshold and a fault pole judgment threshold;
step 102: comparing the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor with the fault detection threshold value according to the voltage change rate of each direct current line current-limiting inductor calculated in the step 101 to obtain a detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs in the alternating current/direct current hybrid power distribution network;
step 103: according to the detection result of whether the direct current fault occurs to the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 102, comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductance of each direct current line with the fault line identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network;
step 104: according to the identification result of the fault line of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 103, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subjected to difference and is compared with a fault type identification threshold value to obtain the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network;
step 105: according to the identification result of the fault type of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 104, the change rate of the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage of the fault line is subjected to difference, and the difference is compared with the fault pole judgment threshold value to judge the direct current fault pole of the alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution network;
after the direct current fault of the alternating current-direct current hybrid power distribution network in the step 101, calculating the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of the direct current line;
Figure FDA0002415250670000011
Figure FDA0002415250670000012
wherein λ is1,2Is an intermediate variable, Ucl1pp、Ucl1pgThe voltage of the current-limiting inductance of the DC line during the inter-electrode short-circuit fault and the single-pole grounding fault, U01、I01Are the initial values of the DC interpolar voltage and the DC line current, delta1=R14/L1
Figure FDA0002415250670000013
β1=arctan(ω11),L1=2(L14+Lcl1),R2=R14+Rf,L2=L14+Lcl1,RfTransition resistance for monopolar earth fault, Lcl1Current limiting inductance for faulty DC lines, C1Being the DC-side capacitance, R, of a faulty converter station14、L14Respectively providing equivalent resistance and inductance of a direct current line from a fault converter station to a fault point;
in step 102, the judgment formula for comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of each dc line with the fault detection threshold is as follows:
Figure FDA0002415250670000021
wherein i is the serial number of each DC line current-limiting inductor, UcliLimiting the inductor voltage, dU, for each DC linethdDt is the fault detection threshold;
in step 103, the judgment formula for comparing the voltage change rate of the current-limiting inductor of each dc line with the identification threshold of the fault line is as follows:
Figure FDA0002415250670000022
in step 104, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subtracted, and the judgment formula of comparing the difference with the fault type identification threshold value is as follows:
Figure FDA0002415250670000023
in step 105, the positive and negative limiting current inductance voltage change rate of the fault line is subtracted, and the judgment formula of comparing the difference with the fault pole judgment threshold value is as follows:
Figure FDA0002415250670000024
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