CN108466686B - Marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping and preparation method - Google Patents
Marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108466686B CN108466686B CN201810272471.6A CN201810272471A CN108466686B CN 108466686 B CN108466686 B CN 108466686B CN 201810272471 A CN201810272471 A CN 201810272471A CN 108466686 B CN108466686 B CN 108466686B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
- B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
- B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
- B63H1/14—Propellers
- B63H1/26—Blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/345—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/087—Propellers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2234—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of lead
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping and a preparation method thereof, wherein the propeller blade is prepared from 80-120 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite material core and 120-200 parts by mass of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material prepreg coating layer; the piezoelectric damping composite material core is prepared by heating and mixing 5-8 parts by mass of piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.05-0.09 part by mass of carbon nano tube and 100 parts by mass of thermoplastic polymer, and then demolding at normal temperature. According to the invention, through the co-curing molding process of the piezoelectric damping composite material core and the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material coating layer, the composite material propeller has a piezoelectric damping function and excellent overall structure mechanical property, the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the composite material propeller can be obviously improved, and the problem of high stern flow field vibration noise caused by the action of underwater additional mass inertia force of the existing marine composite material propeller can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a propeller blade and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Compared with the traditional metal propeller, the composite propeller has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, seawater corrosion resistance and the like, so that the application of the composite propeller for the ship is increasingly increased. However, the existing research finds that the composite propeller blade increases the additional mass by 6 times in the underwater modal analysis due to the existence of underwater inertia, and the frequency of the low-order main modal of the composite propeller blade is obviously reduced due to the inverse proportion relationship between the structure natural frequency and the mass, so that the composite propeller is easy to generate underwater low-frequency resonance in a stern flow field, and the problems of underwater vibration and noise of the composite propeller which cannot be ignored are caused.
At present, most of composite propeller blades are prepared from high-performance fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials, and the dynamic mechanical property of a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material layer structure is uncontrollable, the volume content of a resin matrix is limited, and the damping performance of the resin matrix is greatly influenced by temperature and frequency, so that the damping performance of the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material propeller structure is limited, and the vibration damping and noise reduction performance of the propeller blades cannot be effectively improved through the fiber reinforced composite material layer design.
The piezoelectric damping composite material is a novel high-performance damping material, not only retains the viscoelastic damping characteristic of a polymer material, but also can convert mechanical energy generated by vibration into electric energy by utilizing a piezoelectric phase in the material, and converts the electric energy into heat energy through the resistance in the material and dissipates the heat energy. Compared with the traditional viscoelastic damping material, the piezoelectric damping composite material has the outstanding advantages of high damping performance, adjustable damping performance according to vibration frequency, high rigidity, no temperature influence and the like. Therefore, the application of the piezoelectric damping composite material to the manufacturing of the propeller blade can be a beneficial attempt to overcome the problems of underwater vibration and noise of the traditional propeller blade.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared by adopting a hot die pressing process to prepare 80-120 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 120-200 parts by mass of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg; the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is coated inside the prepreg of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is prepared by heating and mixing 5-8 parts by mass of piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.05-0.09 part by mass of carbon nano tube and 100 parts by mass of thermoplastic polymer, and then demolding at normal temperature.
Further, the piezoelectric ceramic powder is powdered polarized lead dioxide or lead zirconate or lead titanate or barium titanate or lead magnesium niobate or potassium sodium metaniobate or bismuth sodium titanate.
Further, the carbon nano tube is prepared by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the volume fraction of 3: 1, acidifying the treated single-walled carbon nanotube or multi-walled carbon nanotube by the mixed acid solution.
Further, the thermoplastic polymer is a polyamide or polyetherketone or a polyimide or polyetherimide or polyphenylene sulfide.
Further, the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material prepreg is prepared by drying the carbon fiber impregnated with the thermoplastic polymer solution by a continuous impregnation method; the carbon fiber is T300 carbon fiber, T700 carbon fiber or T800 carbon fiber.
A preparation method of a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, coating structure design is carried out on a core of a piezoelectric damping composite material and a prepreg of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material according to the hydrodynamic performance requirement of a propeller;
secondly, determining the proportion of the piezoelectric ceramic powder, the carbon nano tube and the thermoplastic polymer in the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material and the type of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material according to the design requirement of the coating structure, and preparing the prepreg of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material;
thirdly, cutting the size of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg, laminating and stacking the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg according to the design sequence and the laying angle by a manual method, and putting the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg into an upper die and a lower die;
completely putting the carbon nano tube into concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, wherein the volume fraction is 3: 1, carrying out acidification treatment in the mixed acid solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours, and then centrifuging for 1 hour at 4000 r/min; washing with deionized water for several times, and oven drying;
fifthly, under the heating condition, uniformly mixing and stirring the piezoelectric ceramic powder, the thermoplastic polymer and the carbon nano tube subjected to acidification treatment; pouring the mixture into a core mold for cooling and curing, and demolding at normal temperature to prepare a piezoelectric damping composite material prefabricated body;
and sixthly, putting the piezoelectric damping composite material prefabricated body into a lower die paved with the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material prepreg according to the design scheme in the step one, closing the upper die and the lower die, and heating, pressurizing and co-curing to obtain the composite material propeller blade.
Further, in the fifth step, the mixing time of the mixture is 30-60min, and the heating temperature is 210-.
Further, in the sixth step, the pressing temperature in the co-curing process is 150-; and then demolding at room temperature.
According to the invention, through the co-curing molding process of the piezoelectric damping composite material core and the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material coating layer, the composite material propeller has a piezoelectric damping function and excellent overall structure mechanical property, the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the composite material propeller can be obviously improved, and the problem of high stern flow field vibration noise caused by the action of underwater additional mass inertia force of the existing marine composite material propeller can be effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a propeller blade in a transverse direction according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a propeller blade in the longitudinal direction according to a first embodiment.
In the figure: 1. a piezoelectric damping composite core; 2. a prepreg coating layer of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared by adopting a hot die pressing process to prepare 80-120 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 120-200 parts by mass of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg; the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is coated inside the prepreg of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is prepared by heating and mixing 5-8 parts by mass of piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.05-0.09 part by mass of carbon nano tube and 100 parts by mass of thermoplastic polymer, and then demolding at normal temperature.
Wherein the piezoelectric ceramic powder is powdered polarized lead dioxide or lead zirconate or lead titanate or barium titanate or lead magnesium niobate or potassium sodium metaniobate or bismuth sodium titanate.
The carbon nano tube is prepared by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the volume fraction of 3: 1, acidifying the treated single-walled carbon nanotube or multi-walled carbon nanotube by the mixed acid solution.
The thermoplastic polymer is polyamide or polyether ketone or polyimide or polyetherimide or polyphenylene sulfide.
The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg is prepared by drying carbon fibers impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer solution by a continuous impregnation method; the carbon fiber is T300 carbon fiber, T700 carbon fiber or T800 carbon fiber.
A preparation method of a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, coating structure design is carried out on a core of a piezoelectric damping composite material and a prepreg of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material according to the hydrodynamic performance requirement of a propeller;
secondly, determining the proportion of the piezoelectric ceramic powder, the carbon nano tube and the thermoplastic polymer in the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material and the type of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material according to the design requirement of the coating structure, and preparing the prepreg of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material;
thirdly, cutting the size of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg, laminating and stacking the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg according to the design sequence and the laying angle by a manual method, and putting the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg into an upper die and a lower die;
completely putting the carbon nano tube into concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, wherein the volume fraction is 3: 1, carrying out acidification treatment in the mixed acid solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours, and then centrifuging for 1 hour at 4000 r/min; washing with deionized water for several times, and oven drying;
fifthly, under the heating condition, uniformly mixing and stirring the piezoelectric ceramic powder, the thermoplastic polymer and the carbon nano tube subjected to acidification treatment; the mixing time of the mixture is 30-60min, and the heating temperature is 210-260 ℃; pouring the mixture into a core mold for cooling and curing, and demolding at normal temperature to prepare a piezoelectric damping composite material prefabricated body;
and sixthly, putting the piezoelectric damping composite material prefabricated body into a lower die paved with the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material prepreg according to the design scheme in the step one, closing the upper die and the lower die, and heating, pressurizing and co-curing to obtain the composite material propeller blade. The pressing temperature in the co-curing process is 150-; and then demolding at room temperature.
The first-order principal mode damping loss factor of the composite propeller blade produced by the invention can reach 0.15-0.22 at 20 ℃. Under the design working condition, the composite propeller formed by the composite material blades can meet the propeller hydrodynamic force design requirement.
The technical scheme and the effect of the invention are explained in detail by the specific embodiment as follows:
the first embodiment,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from 80 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 200 parts by mass of a T300 carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite prepreg coating layer;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned in the middle of a propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 5 parts by mass of lead dioxide piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.09 part by mass of acidified single-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyamide at 210 ℃ for 30 minutes, pouring the mixture into a mold, cooling the mixture to room temperature and demolding the mixture.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting a 0.4 m-thick unidirectional T300 carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a blade as a reference angle according to the method
The piezoelectric damping composite material core and the carbon fiber coating layer are placed in a steel mould from bottom to top in the laying sequence, and in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps, a small amount of polyamide solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying. And (3) after the mould is closed, curing for 15 minutes at the temperature of 150 ℃ and under the pressure of 20Mpa by adopting a co-curing hot-pressing process to obtain the composite material propeller blade with piezoelectric damping for the ship.
Example II,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from 120 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 120 parts by mass of a T700 carbon fiber reinforced polyether ketone composite prepreg coating layer;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned at the root of the propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 8 parts by mass of lead zirconate piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.05 part by mass of acidified multi-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyether ketone at 230 ℃ for 45 minutes, pouring into a mold, cooling to room temperature and demolding.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting a 0.35 m-thick unidirectional T700 carbon fiber reinforced polyether ketone composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a blade as a reference angle according to the method
The piezoelectric damping composite material core and the carbon fiber coating layer are placed in a steel mould from bottom to top in the laying sequence, and in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps, a small amount of polyether ketone solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying. After the mould is closed, a co-curing hot-pressing process is adopted, and curing is carried out for 25 minutes at the temperature of 180 ℃ and under the pressure of 30Mpa, so that the ship with piezoelectric damping is preparedComposite propeller blades are used.
Example III,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from 95 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 150 parts by mass of a T800 carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composite prepreg coating layer;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned at the blade tip of the propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 7 parts by mass of lead titanate piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.07 part by mass of acidified single-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyimide at 260 ℃ for 60 minutes, pouring the mixture into a mold, cooling the mixture to room temperature and demolding the mixture.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting 0.3 m-thick unidirectional T800 carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a paddle as a reference angle according to the method
The core and the carbon fiber coating layer of the piezoelectric damping composite material are placed in a steel mould from bottom to top in the laying sequence, and in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps, a small amount of polyimide solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying. And (3) after the mould is closed, curing for 30 minutes at the temperature of 195 ℃ and under the pressure of 40Mpa by adopting a co-curing hot-pressing process to obtain the composite material propeller blade with piezoelectric damping for the ship.
Example four,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from a piezoelectric damping composite core in 110 parts by mass and a T300 carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide composite prepreg coating in 140 parts by mass;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned in the middle of a propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 6 parts by mass of barium titanate piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.08 part by mass of acidified multi-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyetherimide at 220 ℃ for 50 minutes, pouring into a mold, cooling to room temperature and demolding.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting 0.32 m-thick unidirectional T300 carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a blade as a reference angle according to the method
The core and the carbon fiber coating layer of the piezoelectric damping composite material are placed in a steel mould from bottom to top in the laying sequence, and in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps, a small amount of polyetherimide solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying. And (3) after the mould is closed, curing for 30 minutes at the temperature of 170 ℃ and under the pressure of 30Mpa by adopting a co-curing hot-pressing process to obtain the composite material propeller blade with piezoelectric damping for the ship.
Example V,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from 100 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 180 parts by mass of a T700 carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composite prepreg coating layer;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned at the root of the propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 6 parts by mass of lead magnesium niobate piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.06 part by mass of acidified single-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyphenylene sulfide at 240 ℃ for 40 minutes, pouring into a mold, cooling to room temperature and demolding.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting 0.34 m-thick unidirectional T700 carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a blade as a reference angle according to the method
The core and the carbon fiber coating layer of the piezoelectric damping composite material are sequentially placed in a steel mould from bottom to top, and a small amount of polyphenylene sulfide solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps. And (3) after the mould is closed, curing for 20 minutes at 160 ℃ and 20Mpa by adopting a co-curing hot pressing process to obtain the composite material propeller blade with piezoelectric damping for the ship.
Example six,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from a piezoelectric damping composite core by mass of 90 parts and a T800 carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite prepreg coating by mass of 130 parts;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned at the blade tip of the propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 7 parts by mass of potassium-sodium metaniobate piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.08 part by mass of acidified multi-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyamide at 250 ℃ for 30 minutes, pouring the mixture into a mold, cooling to room temperature and demolding.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting a 0.36 m-thick unidirectional T800 carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a blade as a reference angle according to the method
The piezoelectric damping composite material core and the carbon fiber coating layer are placed in a steel mould from bottom to top in the laying sequence, and in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps, a small amount of polyamide solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying. After the mould is closed, a co-curing hot-pressing process is adopted, and the curing is carried out for 20 minutes at the temperature of 190 ℃ and under the pressure of 25Mpa, so as to obtain the productA piezoelectric damped marine composite propeller blade.
Example seven,
A ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is prepared from 85 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 160 parts by mass of a T300 carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite prepreg coating layer;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is positioned in the middle of a propeller blade and is prepared by uniformly stirring 6 parts by mass of sodium bismuth titanate piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.07 part by mass of acidified single-walled carbon nanotube and 100 parts by mass of polyamide at 250 ℃ for 35 minutes, pouring the mixture into a mold, cooling the mixture to room temperature and demolding the mixture.
After the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is prepared, cutting a 0.38 m-thick unidirectional T300 carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composite material prepreg by taking the side bevel angle of a blade as a reference angle according to the method
The piezoelectric damping composite material core and the carbon fiber coating layer are placed in a steel mould from bottom to top in the laying sequence, and in order to avoid generating interlayer gaps, a small amount of polyamide solution is coated on the surface of the composite material before prepreg laying. And (3) after the mould is closed, curing for 20 minutes at the temperature of 150 ℃ and under the pressure of 40Mpa by adopting a co-curing hot-pressing process to obtain the composite material propeller blade with piezoelectric damping for the ship.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the specific piezoelectric damping composite material core is formed by compounding a thermoplastic polymer serving as a matrix and piezoelectric ceramic powder and carbon nano tubes serving as reinforcing phases, not only retains the viscoelastic damping performance of the thermoplastic polymer, but also realizes the piezoelectric damping function by forming a microcosmic conductive loop through the piezoelectric ceramic powder and the carbon nano tubes. Meanwhile, the mechanical property of the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is ensured by adding the carbon nano tube.
(2) According to the natural frequency of the main mode of the composite material propeller for the ship, the proportion of the core material components of the piezoelectric damping composite material core in the blade of the composite material propeller, the design position in the blade and the geometric dimension can be adjusted, so that the optimal damping loss factor generated by the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material core is matched with the natural frequency of the main mode of the composite material propeller, and the vibration and noise reduction performance of the propeller is greatly improved.
(3) The composite material blade adopts a co-curing hot-pressing technology, the piezoelectric damping composite material core prefabricated body and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material coating layer are integrally formed in a combined mode by utilizing the characteristic that a thermoplastic polymer can be repeatedly heated and formed, and the prepared composite material propeller has a high-efficiency piezoelectric damping function and good forming quality.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a ship propeller blade with piezoelectric damping is characterized by comprising the following steps: the propeller blade prepared by the preparation method is prepared from 80-120 parts by mass of a piezoelectric damping composite core and 120-200 parts by mass of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg by adopting a hot die pressing process; the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material is coated inside the prepreg of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material;
the piezoelectric damping composite material core is prepared by heating and mixing 5-8 parts by mass of piezoelectric ceramic powder, 0.05-0.09 part by mass of carbon nano tube and 100 parts by mass of thermoplastic polymer, and then demolding at normal temperature;
the preparation method of the marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, coating structure design is carried out on a core of a piezoelectric damping composite material and a prepreg of a fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material according to the hydrodynamic performance requirement of a propeller;
secondly, determining the proportion of the piezoelectric ceramic powder, the carbon nano tube and the thermoplastic polymer in the core of the piezoelectric damping composite material and the type of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material according to the design requirement of the coating structure, and preparing the prepreg of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material;
thirdly, cutting the size of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg, laminating and stacking the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg according to the design sequence and the laying angle by a manual method, and putting the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg into an upper die and a lower die;
completely putting the carbon nano tube into concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, wherein the volume fraction is 3: 1, carrying out acidification treatment in the mixed acid solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3 hours, and then centrifuging for 1 hour at 4000 r/min; washing with deionized water for several times, and oven drying;
fifthly, under the heating condition, uniformly mixing and stirring the piezoelectric ceramic powder, the thermoplastic polymer and the carbon nano tube subjected to acidification treatment; pouring the mixture into a core mold for cooling and curing, and demolding at normal temperature to prepare a piezoelectric damping composite material prefabricated body;
and sixthly, putting the piezoelectric damping composite material prefabricated body into a lower die paved with the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material prepreg according to the design scheme in the step one, closing the upper die and the lower die, and heating, pressurizing and co-curing to obtain the composite material propeller blade.
2. The method of manufacturing a marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric ceramic powder is powdered polarized lead dioxide or lead zirconate or lead titanate or barium titanate or lead magnesium niobate or potassium sodium metaniobate or bismuth sodium titanate.
3. The method for manufacturing a marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the carbon nano tube is prepared by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the volume fraction of 3: 1, acidifying the treated single-walled carbon nanotube or multi-walled carbon nanotube by the mixed acid solution.
4. The method of manufacturing a marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping according to claim 1, wherein: the thermoplastic polymer is polyamide or polyether ketone or polyimide or polyetherimide or polyphenylene sulfide.
5. The method of manufacturing a marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg is prepared by drying carbon fibers impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer solution by a continuous impregnation method; the carbon fiber is T300 carbon fiber, T700 carbon fiber or T800 carbon fiber.
6. The method of manufacturing a marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the mixing time of the mixture is 30-60min, and the heating temperature is 210-260 ℃.
7. The method of manufacturing a marine propeller blade with piezoelectric damping according to claim 6, wherein: in the sixth step, the pressing temperature in the co-curing process is 150-; and then demolding at room temperature.
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