CN108460832B - Shell extraction method based on building information model - Google Patents

Shell extraction method based on building information model Download PDF

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CN108460832B
CN108460832B CN201810173790.1A CN201810173790A CN108460832B CN 108460832 B CN108460832 B CN 108460832B CN 201810173790 A CN201810173790 A CN 201810173790A CN 108460832 B CN108460832 B CN 108460832B
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宋冰玉
隗公博
杨春军
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Jiaxing Wuzhen Yingjia Qianzhen Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Qianhai Yingjia Data Service Co ltd
Bim Winner Beijing Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Qianhai Yingjia Data Service Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a shell extraction method based on a building information model, and belongs to the field of building information. The method mainly comprises the following steps: establishing a projection plane, finding a potential visible component set by utilizing the spatial position of the component, finding a visible triangular plane and obtaining a projection grid set thereof by utilizing component triangular plane set information in the potential visible component set, and screening visible components in all dimension directions by utilizing the relative depth ordering of the projection grid set of the visible triangular plane and the potential visible component. In order to solve the problems that GIS can load more invisible components in a building in smart city display, so that a large amount of memory is wasted and the number of displayable buildings is limited, the building shell is extracted by adopting a BIM modeling and analyzing means and utilizing model basic information and various information of the components in the model, so that the system burden during display is reduced, the number of displayable building models in the same memory is increased, and the smart city display is richer and more efficient.

Description

Shell extraction method based on building information model
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of building information, and relates to a building shell extraction method based on a building information model.
Background art:
the smart city is used for sensing, analyzing and integrating various key information of a city operation core system by using information and communication technical means, thereby intelligently responding to various requirements including civil, environmental, public safety, city service and industrial and commercial activities. Usually, in the exhibition of a building group smart city, the BIM provides building data to the GIS, and the GIS displays all the building information transmitted by the BIM.
BIM is an abbreviation for Building Information Modeling, which is commonly translated into a Building Information model. BIM is a technology for creating and utilizing digital telephone model application and all stages of the whole life cycle of the building project, is also a basic information resource with information in an expression form of digital expression of physical and functional characteristics of the building, and is a core and data basis of specific application and various performance analyses of all stages of the whole life cycle of the building project.
GIS is an abbreviation of Geographic Information System, generally called Geographic Information System, and is a subject developed with the development of geoscience, computer technology, remote sensing technology, and Information science. GIS is mainly used in wisdom city show: geospatial presentation, positioning reference, assisted spatial analysis, and the like. GIS is the important carrier that demonstrates BIM building data information, also is the main show means in wisdom city.
At present, the method for extracting the shell of the building is blank. The existing smart city display utilizes BIM to establish a data model, then transmits standard data of all components to a GIS, and displays all components, so that a plurality of invisible components are loaded, the data quantity of the GIS needing to be loaded is increased, computer space is wasted, the number of buildings which can be displayed under the same memory is reduced, and finally the display of the whole smart city is influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for extracting all visible components outside a building based on a Building Information Model (BIM), which is used for only displaying a building shell in a building display process, and reducing the data transmission quantity required in the display and resources consumed in the display process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the invention discloses a shell extraction method based on a building information model, which comprises the following steps:
1. and collecting building structure information and building component information, and managing various types of information in a classified manner.
2. And generating a projection grid surface for the six dimensions of x, y, z and z by using the building information model, wherein the position of the projection surface is at a random extreme point of the current dimension and is vertical to the coordinate axis of the current dimension.
3. For each grid face, the relative distance of each member from the grid face is calculated and ordered, as shown in FIG. 3, a set of potentially visible members is constructed:
distanceij＝|(Li-lij)|，
wherein L isiRepresents the vertical distance l between the extreme projection grid plane and the coordinate axis iijRepresents the perpendicular distance, of the component j from the coordinate axis iijRepresenting the relative depth of the member j in the direction dimension i.
And sorting the components according to the relative depths of the components, cutting the corresponding grids according to the projections of the sorted components on the current projection plane, if the current components are limited potential visible components of the corresponding grids, storing the limited potential visible components into the grids, and finally outputting the potential visible component set of the current projection plane.
4. Invisible triangular face rejection is carried out on the component triangular face set by utilizing components in the potential visible component set, as shown in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2:
Figure GDA0002285893360000011
wherein A, B and C are three vertexes of a counterclockwise direction on the triangular surface, F is any point on the projection surface,
Figure GDA0002285893360000021
represents point A (x)a，ya，za) Point of direction B (x)b，yb，zb) The vector of (a) is determined,
Figure GDA0002285893360000022
represents point A (x)a，ya，za) Point of direction C (x)c，yc，zc) The vector of (a) is determined,
Figure GDA0002285893360000023
is a point A (x) on the triangular surfacea，ya，za) Pointing to a point F (x) on the projection planeF，yF，zF) The vector of (a), i, j, k is a unit of the x, y, z axesThe bit value, typically 1,
Figure GDA0002285893360000024
generating a normal vector of the triangular surface,
Figure GDA0002285893360000025
and the method is used for judging whether the current triangular surface is visible or not, and if the current triangular surface is larger than zero, the triangular surface is visible.
5. Calculating the mesh passed by the projection boundary of the triangular face by using the boundary slope and the vertex of the remaining visible triangular face projection, as shown in fig. 4.3 and 4.4, so as to
Figure GDA0002285893360000026
For example, the following steps are carried out:
Figure GDA0002285893360000027
Figure GDA0002285893360000028
gap is the width of a single grid on the grid plane, (β)i，γi) Representing a point of origin A (x)a，ya，za) To point B (x)b，yb，zb) The coordinates of the grid through which the triangle boundaries pass,
Figure GDA0002285893360000029
representing the slope of side AB, β representing the first of the x, y, z dimensions that make up the projection plane, and γ representing the second of the x, y, z dimensions that make up the projection plane, (β)0，γ0) Projection grid coordinates representing the starting vertex of the boundary, (β)end，γend) The projected mesh coordinates representing the end of boundary vertices. Finally, the method is generated,
Figure GDA00022858933600000210
a set of three-edge passing projected boundary meshes.
6. According to the set of the projection boundary meshes of the triangular surface, the internal projection mesh of the triangular surface is generated by utilizing the principle that a straight line passes through the triangle and at most passes through two edges, and the result is shown in fig. 4.5 and 4.6.
7. And judging the unique visible component of each mesh on the projection mesh surface by utilizing the projection mesh set of the visible triangular surface of each member in each potential visible component set and the relative depth ordering of the potential visible components.
8. And the set of all grid visible components on the six projection planes is the shell of the building model.
Preferably, the building structure information includes: space, position, structure, shape, height, width of the building.
Preferably, the building element information includes: position of component, rotation angle, point set, triangular surface set.
Preferably, when generating the grid projection plane, a random extreme distance position of the current dimension is selected to generate a projection grid plane perpendicular to the current dimension.
Preferably, when searching the set of potentially visible components, the component ordering uses the relative distance between the components and the projection grid surface, and a limited number of components with relatively close distances are searched for each grid on the grid surface to form the set of potentially visible components.
Preferably, when the triangular surface projection boundary mesh is calculated, the slope and the vertex of three sides of the triangular surface projection on the mesh surface are used to calculate the mesh set passed by each boundary of the triangle.
Preferably, when calculating the triangular plane projection internal mesh, whether the current mesh is the internal mesh is judged according to the number of the passing boundary meshes and whether the previous line has the boundary mesh.
Preferably, the set of projection grids of the visible triangular faces of the potentially visible components is used in determining whether each potentially visible component is actually visible.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for extracting a shell based on a building information model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block flow diagram of a method for extracting a shell based on a building information model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 provides a flow chart for relative distance calculations for the practice of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating triangular face background culling and projection grid computing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of triangular face background rejection and projection grid computing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following describes a shell extraction method based on building information in detail according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The application provides a shell extraction method based on a building information model, which solves the problem of resource waste caused by the fact that all components need to be loaded by a GIS (geographic information System) during the display of the current smart city, collects various parameter information of a building to be extracted and internal components of the building, and establishes the building information model and a corresponding information database based on the parameter information. The building component information extraction method and the building component information extraction device rely on BIM modeling and analysis means and utilize the building component information to be extracted for analysis modeling. And because each member has specific member information and position information, a latent visible member set of each dimension is calculated based on the information, a visible triangular surface of the latent visible member is further calculated and projected to a grid surface, whether the current member is a building shell member or not is judged, and finally the building shell is generated. The method fully considers the point set, the triangular surface set, the coordinate position, the rotation angle and the structure of the building per se of each component, is used for extracting the building shell, reduces the data loading of the single building in the smart city display, improves the number of the buildings which can be displayed under the same data quantity, and is beneficial to the display of the smart city.
The invention discloses a shell extraction method based on a building information model, which is a flow method shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 101: and collecting the building structure information, and establishing a building information model after sorting according to categories.
In this embodiment, the building information is composed of building space information and building element information. The building space information refers to the space, position, structure, appearance, height and width of a building; the building component information comprises the spatial position, the rotation angle, the composition point set and the triangular surface set of the component.
In the current step, the building information is sorted according to different types, and a database is established for the building space information and the related data of the building component information; for the relevant statistical data of the building space information and the building component information, in order to improve the calculation speed, a database management tool can be used for establishing a statistical database.
The BIM technology can calculate the information of the actual space, structure, area, function, height, external maintenance structure, the volume of the surrounding building and the like of the building according to the established building information model. And the information of BIM statistics is stored in a building information database, so that the original data is more accurate and comprehensive.
Step 102: according to the spatial information of the building, a grid plane perpendicular to the axis of the current direction is established at the extreme points in the six directions of x, -x, y, -y, z, -z, respectively, for example, the grid plane in the z direction is the grid plane perpendicular to the z axis generated at the extreme point in the positive direction of the z axis.
Step 103: for each mesh on the mesh plane, a set of potentially visible members is constructed using the relative distances of the members from the mesh plane, as shown in fig. 3:
distanceij＝|(Li-lij)|，
wherein L isiRepresents the vertical distance l between the extreme projection grid plane and the coordinate axis iijRepresents the perpendicular distance, of the component j from the coordinate axis iijRepresenting the relative depth of the member j in the direction dimension i.
And sorting the components according to the relative depths of the components, cutting the corresponding grids according to the projections of the sorted components on the current projection plane, if the current components are limited potential visible components of the corresponding grids, storing the limited potential visible components into the grids, and finally outputting the potential visible component set of the current projection plane.
Step 104: and carrying out back rejection on the triangular surface set of the members in the potential visible member set to generate a visible triangular surface set, as shown in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2.
For each triangular surface of the component in the potential visible component set, extracting three vertexes on the triangular surface anticlockwise, calculating a normal vector of the triangular surface by using the three vertexes, and judging the visibility of the current triangular surface according to the inner product of a connecting line between the vertex of the triangular surface and the projection surface and the normal vector of the triangular surface:
Figure GDA0002285893360000031
wherein A, B and C are three vertexes of a counterclockwise direction on the triangular surface, F is a point on the projection surface,
Figure GDA0002285893360000032
represents point A (x)a，ya，za) Point of direction B (x)b，yb，zb) The vector of (a) is determined,
Figure GDA0002285893360000033
indicating that point A points to point C (x)c，yc，zc) The vector of (a) is determined,
Figure GDA0002285893360000034
is a point A (x) on the triangular surfacea，ya，za) Pointing to a point F (x) on the projection planeF，yF，zF) The vector i, j, k of (a) is a unit value of the x, y, z axis, typically 1,
Figure GDA0002285893360000035
a normal vector representing the triangular face is shown,
Figure GDA0002285893360000036
and the method is used for judging whether the current triangular surface is visible or not, and if the current triangular surface is larger than zero, the triangular surface is visible.
Step 105: for each triangular surface in the visible triangular surface set, calculating a mesh through which the projection boundary of the triangular surface passes by using the retained boundary slope and vertex of the projection of the visible triangular surface, and generating a triangular surface boundary mesh set, as shown in fig. 4.3 and 4.4.
To be provided with
Figure GDA0002285893360000037
For the purpose of example only,
Figure GDA0002285893360000038
wherein,
Figure GDA0002285893360000041
gap is the width of a single grid on the grid plane, (β)i，γi) Representing a point of origin A (x)a，ya，za) To point B (x)b，yb，zb) The coordinates of the grid through which the triangle boundaries pass,
Figure GDA0002285893360000042
representing the slope of side AB, β representing the first of the x, y, z dimensions that make up the projection plane, and γ representing the second of the x, y, z dimensions that make up the projection plane, (β)0，γ0) Projection grid coordinates representing the starting vertex of the boundary, (β)end，γend) The projected mesh coordinates representing the end of boundary vertices. Finally, the method is generated,
Figure GDA0002285893360000043
a set of three-edge passing projected boundary meshes.
Step 106: from the set of triangle surface boundary meshes, the projection mesh inside the triangle surface is found, as shown in fig. 4.5 and 4.6.
By utilizing the principle that when a straight line passes through a triangle, only two triangle boundaries are intersected with the straight line, whether the current grid is in the triangle or not is judged line by line.
Counting the number of times count that the current line collides with the boundary grid in the line-by-line judgment process, and when the count is an odd number,
county＝i％2＝＝1，
and the upper row also contains the boundary mesh, the current mesh is illustrated as being inside the triangle. If the previous row does not have the boundary grid of the currently visible triangular surface, the current grid point is the boundary grid point rather than the internal grid point.
Where y represents the number of rows, when y is incremented by 1, the count is initialized to zero,
county＝i+1＝0，
finally returning all the grids passed by the current triangular plane projection.
Step 107: each mesh visible component on the projection mesh plane is determined using the set of projection meshes for the visible triangular face of the potential component in each set of potential visible components and the relative depth ordering of the potential visible components.
And matching the triangular surface projection grid set of the components into the projection grid by utilizing the relative depth of the components in the potential visible set, judging whether the components are visible components of the current grid, and generating all visible components of the current projection surface.
Step 108: finally, a visible component set corresponding to all grids of the six faces is generated, namely the component shell.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A shell extraction method based on a building information model comprises the following steps:
collecting building structure information and building component information, managing various information in a classified manner, and establishing a building information model;
generating a projection grid surface in six dimensions of x, y, z and z by using a building information model, wherein the position of the projection surface is at a random extreme point of the current dimension and is vertical to the current dimension;
for each dimension, the relative depth of each member in the current dimension is calculated using the relative distance of the member from the grid plane:
distanceij＝|(Li-lij)|，
wherein L isiRepresents the vertical distance l between the extreme projection grid plane and the coordinate axis iijRepresents the perpendicular distance, of the component j from the coordinate axis iijRepresents the relative depth of the component j in the direction dimension i;
sorting the components according to the relative depths of the components, projecting the components to a projection grid plane of the current dimension in sequence, if the projection of the current component is that a limited number of visible components are set in front of the corresponding projection grid, storing the components, and finally generating a potential visible component set of the current projection plane;
invisible triangular face background elimination is carried out on the triangular face set of the members in the potential visible member set:
Figure FDA0002308026740000011
wherein A, B and C are three vertexes on the triangular surface, F is any point on the projection surface,
Figure FDA0002308026740000012
represents point A (x)a，ya，za) Point of direction B (x)b，yb，zb) The vector of (a) is determined,
Figure FDA0002308026740000014
represents point A (x)a，ya，za) Point of direction C (x)c，yc，zc) The vector of (a) is determined,
Figure FDA0002308026740000013
is a point A (x) on the triangular surfacea，ya，za) Pointing to a point F (x) on the projection planeF，yF，zF) The vector of (a), i, j, k is the unit value of the x, y, z axis, 1,
Figure FDA0002308026740000016
generating a normal vector of the triangular surface,
Figure FDA0002308026740000015
the triangular surface is used for judging whether the current triangular surface is visible or not, and if the current triangular surface is larger than zero, the current triangular surface is visible;
for the visible triangular surface obtained after the invisible triangular surface is removed, calculating a mesh passed by the projection boundary of the triangular surface by using the slope and the vertex of each side projected by the triangular surface to generate a projection boundary mesh set;
generating an internal projection grid of the triangular surface through the projection boundary grid of the visible triangular surface, and finally returning to all grids covered by the triangular surface on the current projection surface; when the triangular internal grid is calculated, judging whether the current grid is the internal grid or not by judging the times of passing through the boundary grid and judging whether the boundary grid exists in the previous line or not;
for each dimension, matching the projection grid set covered by the visible triangular surface into a corresponding projection grid plane by utilizing the relative depth of the potential visible component concentration component, and judging the visible component of each grid on the projection grid plane to obtain all visible components of the current projection grid plane;
using a set formed by all visible components of projection grid planes corresponding to the x, y, z and z dimensions respectively as a shell of the building information model;
wherein the building structure information includes: the space, structure, area, height, width, and peripheral structure of the building;
the building element information includes: the space, structure, position and height of the member form a point set and a triangular surface set.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a grid plane perpendicular to the axis of the current direction is established at a most distant point of six directions x, -x, y, -y, z, -z, respectively, when generating the projection plane.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in finding the set of potentially visible components, a limited number of components adjacent to each mesh on the mesh plane are found by the relative depths of the components to the projection plane, thereby generating the set of potentially visible components.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the visible triangular projection mesh is composed of a boundary mesh and an internal mesh, and when the triangular boundary mesh is calculated, the mesh that the triangle boundary has undergone is calculated using the slope of the hypotenuse and the vertex of the projection triangle.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein during the projection, the invisible triangle surfaces of the inevitable invisible components and the potential visible components are removed and projected on the projection plane, and whether the current components are visible is judged according to the visible triangle surface projection grid set and the potential visible component sorting.
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