CN108459173B - Mechanical filter applied to high-G-value impact acceleration sensor - Google Patents

Mechanical filter applied to high-G-value impact acceleration sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108459173B
CN108459173B CN201810333557.5A CN201810333557A CN108459173B CN 108459173 B CN108459173 B CN 108459173B CN 201810333557 A CN201810333557 A CN 201810333557A CN 108459173 B CN108459173 B CN 108459173B
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gasket
filter
sensor
mechanical filter
isolation
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CN108459173A (en
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房远勇
吕俊
刘春�
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Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering
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Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00—Details of instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pressure Sensors (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A mechanical filter applied to a high G value impact acceleration sensor enables the mechanical filter to have optimal performance by finely adjusting the rigidity and damping of a damping material through external prestress. The mechanical filter can effectively inhibit the high-frequency vibration component of the impact sensor, so that the sensor does not generate baseline deviation when bearing high G value impact. The mechanical filter is designed into an isolation type, so that the electric link property of the sensor core body and the sensor shell can be isolated, and the influence of the shell interference signal on the sensor output is effectively avoided.

Description

Mechanical filter applied to high-G-value impact acceleration sensor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical filter applied to a high G value impact acceleration sensor, in particular to a mechanical filter capable of inhibiting a high frequency component of the sensor when the sensor bears high G value impact and effectively inhibiting an output baseline drift phenomenon of the impact sensor.
Background
Piezoelectric high G-value acceleration sensors are a large class of high G-value acceleration sensors, and are prone to baseline shifts when subjected to high impact. The baseline is not on the zero line during the impact, but has a dc component on the zero line. It is known from analysis that high frequency components cause a continuous charge to be generated in the sensitive core of the piezoelectric sensor when the high G value acceleration sensor is subjected to an impact. The signal output generated by the high frequency response is reflected to the sensor output, i.e., it appears that the baseline does not return to zero. The baseline of the sensor does not return to zero to directly influence the accuracy of the acceleration measurement result of the high G value acceleration sensor, so that a large error exists in measurement. When the high G value impact spectrum characteristic is examined, the frequency domain with the baseline not returning to zero appears as low-frequency spectrum distortion. The low-frequency spectrum distortion makes the test unable to obtain the low-frequency characteristic of the test, and affects the experimental effect of high G value impact measurement. In order to inhibit the high-G value acceleration sensor from generating baseline offset when bearing high impact, effective filtering of high-frequency components becomes an important means for solving the problem that the baseline does not return to zero.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for solving the problem that a baseline of a piezoelectric high-G-value acceleration sensor is not returned to zero, namely a mechanical filter, which is used for filtering out high-frequency components of the impact acceleration sensor when the impact acceleration sensor bears high-G-value impact and improving the impact performance of the high-G-value acceleration sensor.
The invention provides a mechanical filter applied to a high G value impact acceleration sensor, which comprises a base, an isolation structure, a bottom filtering gasket, a top filtering gasket and a top pressing block, wherein the isolation structure comprises a bottom isolation gasket, a transverse constraint structure and a top isolation gasket; the bottom isolation gasket, the bottom filtering gasket, the transverse constraint structure, the top filtering gasket, the top isolation gasket and the top pressing block are sequentially arranged in the base, all the components are fastened together to form the mechanical filter through the pretightening force applied by the top pressing block, the base comprises a mounting stud, a hexagonal structure, a barrel-shaped structure, a mounting thread, an inner mounting surface and a bottom mounting surface, and the top pressing block comprises a pressing block bottom surface, a mounting thread and a loading structure.
Preferably, an integrated screw is machined on the base and is used for being in threaded connection with an external mounting surface.
Preferably, the base is a barrel-like structure to house all other mechanical filter components.
Preferably, the top end of the base is provided with mounting threads for being matched with the top pressing block to apply pretightening force to the mechanical filter and the sensor core body.
Preferably, the isolation structure is made of polyimide material.
Preferably, the bottom filter pad adopts a circular structure, and the material of the bottom filter pad is damping material.
Preferably, the thickness of the bottom filter pad is 1mm.
Preferably, the top filter pad has a circular structure with a hole in the middle, and the material of the top filter pad is the same as that of the bottom filter pad.
Preferably, the transverse constraint structure adopts a barrel-shaped structure, and adopts polyimide material with the wall thickness of 0.5mm.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: a mechanical filter applying a high G value impact acceleration sensor comprises a filter gasket used for the top end of a sensor core body and a filter gasket used for the bottom end of the sensor core body. The upper layer and the lower layer of filter gaskets form the core of the mechanical filter.
The mechanical filter designed by the invention has the structural strength of the combination of the mechanical filter and the accelerometer to bear the impact of high G value, and many simple vibration isolation designs are broken under the high impact.
The Q value of the mechanical filter designed by the invention is very low so as to ensure that the sensor keeps linearity in a wider frequency band range. The matching damping characteristics of the mechanical filter and the sensor must be considered with great importance.
The displacement between the sensitive part of the sensor designed by the invention and the mounting surface cannot exceed the linear range of the filter. When the linear range of the filter is exceeded, the mechanical filter will have no filtering characteristics for the high frequency signal and the sensor will lose the protection of the filter affecting its output characteristics.
The transfer characteristics of the mechanical filter of the invention must be well defined and the results of the transfer characteristics must be repeatable.
The mechanical filter adopts a built-in filter structure, and the sensor sensitive core is completely surrounded and arranged in the sensor shell by using a high-performance mechanical filter material. The sensor has a filter characteristic in all directions. The filter material adopted by the invention has higher strength and certain damping characteristic.
The mechanical filter designed by the invention can be approximately regarded as a system formed by a spring and a mass block, and the response characteristic of the mechanical filter is approximately represented by a second-order system model, and a typical general model is shown in figure 9. As can be seen from fig. 9, one end of the spring and the damper are fixed to the reference frame, respectively, and it is assumed that the input signal is directly applied to the mass. In FIG. 9, c represents a damping coefficient, k represents a stiffness coefficient, m represents a mass, b 0 x represents the excitation of the system and y represents the relative displacement produced by the system. The mathematical expression of the model is shown in figure 3,
wherein a is 2 ＝m，a 1 ＝c，a 0 ＝k。
Let static sensitivityDamping ratio->Undamped natural angular frequency->Then
The available frequency response function is as follows
The amplitude-frequency characteristics are as follows
And (3) drawing a damping characteristic curve according to a formula (4), and determining the damping and the rigidity of the mechanical filter through the drawn damping characteristic curve.
The invention adopts special filter materials to adjust the rigidity and damping of the material to the optimal state, and ensures that the sensor adopting the invention has better frequency response characteristic and better high-frequency inhibition characteristic.
The mechanical filter provided by the invention realizes mechanical filtering by adopting a top-layer and bottom-layer filter combination mode, and can effectively filter out axial high-frequency components to inhibit the baseline offset of the output signal of the sensor.
The invention designs a corresponding isolation material outside the filtering material, and the isolation material is mainly used for isolating the sensor core body from the shell, so that the sensor shell interference signal is prevented from being introduced into the sensor output.
The invention adopts a top outlet mode, and the top adopts a mode of combining filter materials and isolation materials. The filter material forms a high-frequency inhibition effect through self damping and rigidity, and the isolation material isolates the core body from the shell to avoid the interference caused by the connection of the sensor output and the shell. The invention designs the filter material and the isolation material into a disc structure with a hole in the middle, and the middle hole is used for outgoing lines.
The mechanical filter designed by the invention needs to exert the pre-compression effect on the pressing block, and the effect of the pressing block structure is mainly used for exerting external pre-stress, so that the sensor core body and the filter material isolation material are pressed together to improve the rigidity of the sensor. The filter material reaches the optimal filter state due to the acting force of the pressing block, the prestress value of the pressing block is determined through repeated experiments, and the filter performance of the filter material is exerted to the optimal state.
The invention is suitable for the piezoelectric impact sensor with the formed sensitive core body, and improves the output characteristic of the sensitive core body through the action of a mechanical filter to inhibit the baseline deviation phenomenon. The isolation material is arranged on the filter material at the bottommost part of the base, so that external interference caused by contact between the sensitive core and the base due to the fact that the insulation characteristic of the filter material is reduced after the filter material is stressed is avoided. The sensitive core is placed over the filter material, the filter material is assembled on top of the sensitive core and the isolation material is placed over the top filter material. The top isolation material and the top pressing block form a pressing relationship, and the sensitive core mechanical filter is formed by combining after the assembly is completed.
The invention adopts a transverse constraint structure to avoid the sensor from producing extra acceleration component due to the fact that the sensor generates transverse displacement when bearing high G value impact. The lateral restraint structure is mounted to the outer surface of the sensitive core and is encased with the core in the sensor housing during the assembly of the sensor as a whole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The mechanical filter can help solve the problem that the baseline is cheap when the traditional piezoelectric sensor bears high G value impact;
2) The mechanical filter can effectively filter out high-frequency impact received by the sensor core body and effectively protect the sensor core body;
3) The invention adopts an isolation structure, and overcomes the defect that the output of the sensor is influenced by the connection of the output of the traditional piezoelectric sensor and the sensor shell. The filter enables the sensor core body to be electrically isolated from the shell, and the sensor core body output is prevented from being influenced by the shell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mechanical filter of an impact acceleration sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a chassis of a mechanical filter component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a spacer on the bottom surface of a component of a mechanical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a filter gasket structure of a bottom surface of a component part of a mechanical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a transverse constraint of a component of a mechanical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a top filter pad of a mechanical filter component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a top spacer for a component of a mechanical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a top face top press block of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a damping model of an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein reference numerals are as follows: base 1, bottom surface spacer 2, bottom surface filter gasket 3, lateral restraint structure 4, top surface filter gasket 5, top surface spacer 6, top briquetting 7, mounting stud 11, hexagonal structure 12, bucket structure 13, mounting screw thread 14, interior mounting surface 15, bottom mounting surface 16, briquetting bottom surface 71, mounting screw thread 72, loading structure 73.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the invention are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-9. Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the invention are described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. The invention relates to a novel mechanical filter structure, and for better description, specific embodiments are described with reference to the drawings. As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the invention provides a mechanical filter design applied to a Gao Chongji sensor, which mainly comprises a base 1, a bottom isolation gasket 2, a bottom filtering gasket 3, a transverse constraint structure 4, a top filtering gasket 5, a top isolation gasket 6 and a top pressing block 7. All the structures are assembled sequentially to form the mechanical filter structure. The mechanical filter filters out high-frequency signals of the impact sensor when bearing impact through damping and rigidity combination of filtering materials.
The entire construction assembly process is described in connection with the construction shown in fig. 1. Firstly, the bottom isolation gasket 2 is placed at the bottom of the base, and the bottom isolation gasket 2 must be leveled when placed, so that damage to the force gasket during later installation is avoided. After the bottom isolation gasket 2 is placed, a bottom filtering gasket 3 is placed on the bottom isolation gasket 2, and the bottom filtering gasket 3 mainly generates filtering characteristics by means of damping and rigidity of the bottom filtering gasket. The bottom surface of the bottom surface filter gasket 3 and the top surface of the bottom surface isolation gasket 2 form an assembly surface, and the top surface of the bottom surface filter gasket 3 and the bottom surface of the sensor core form an assembly surface. The bottom surface filtering gasket 3 is made of damping materials, the material characteristics have certain softness, and the bottom surface filtering gasket 3 is guaranteed to be smooth during assembly. After the bottom isolation gasket 2 and the bottom filter gasket 3 are assembled, the transverse constraint structure 4 is assembled on the side wall of the sensor chip. The top edge of the lateral constraint structure 4 is flush with the top edge of the sensor core, and the lateral constraint structure 4 must well wrap the sensor sensitive core so that it can ensure an isolation relationship between the sensor core and the base in the lateral direction. After the lateral restraint 4 is assembled, the sensor core is assembled into the base together with the lateral restraint 4. Because the transverse constraint structure 4 acts, the matching relation between the sensor sensitive core and the base 1 is tight fit after the sensor sensitive core and the transverse constraint structure 4 are assembled, and the tight fit can effectively inhibit the sensor core from generating transverse displacement when bearing high G value impact. After the sensor core is mounted to the base, a top filter material 5 is assembled on top of the sensor, and a central mounting hole of the top filter material 5 is in an assembling relationship with the sensitive core. The bottom surface of the top surface filter material 5 and the top surface of the sensitive core form an assembly surface, the top surface isolation gasket 6 is assembled after the top surface filter material 5 is assembled, and a terminal is arranged between the center mounting hole of the top surface isolation gasket 6 and the sensitive core to form an assembly relationship. The upper surface of the top surface isolation gasket 6 and the bottom surface of the pressing block 7 form an assembling surface, and the pressing block 7 is installed after the top surface isolation gasket 6 is assembled. The pressing block 7 is assembled on the base 1 through threads, the pre-tightening moment applied by a moment spanner is measured when the pressing block 7 is assembled, and the rigidity and the damping of the filtering material are changed by controlling the moment.
Fig. 2 shows a mechanical filter base 1, which is composed of a mounting stud 11, a hexagonal structure 12, a barrel structure 13, mounting threads 14, an inner mounting surface 15, and a bottom mounting surface 16. The mounting stud 11 is mainly used for mounting the sensor on an external mounting surface, and the integrated mounting stud 11 simplifies the structure and improves the structural rigidity. The simplified structure and the reinforced rigidity are important when bearing high G value impact, and the structure can be met without damage when the high G value impact is applied. The inner mounting surface 15 of the base 1 is in direct assembly relationship with the bottom spacer material 2, and in use, the base acceleration is transmitted to the sensor sensitive core by force transmission. The inner installation bottom surface 15 of the base 1 needs to have higher flatness, so that the mechanical filter structure is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the flatness is not enough. The base 1 bottom mounting surface 16 also requires a higher level of flatness to mate with an external mounting surface. The high parallelism between the inner mounting bottom surface 15 and the bottom mounting surface 16 is required to be maintained, and the high parallelism can ensure that no other acceleration component is generated due to axial impact, so that the measurement accuracy is improved. The barrel structure 13 is mainly used to form a sensor housing, protecting the sensor core from external damage. The barrel 13 is provided with mounting threads 14, the mounting threads 14 being primarily in an assembled relationship with the mounting threads 72 of the press block 7. The press block 7 provides force to press the mechanical filter structure through the mounting screw thread 14 during assembly, and the mounting screw thread generates enough force to ensure the strength of the mechanical filter, so that the mechanical filter is not damaged when bearing high G value impact.
Fig. 3 shows a bottom spacer 2, which is required to have sufficient strength and high insulation properties. The bottom isolation gasket 2 is formed by processing a high-strength insulating material. The bottom isolation gasket 2 has enough strength and extremely small damping, so that the problem that the material performance of the bottom filter gasket 3 cannot be adjusted due to the change of the material characteristics of the bottom isolation gasket 2 is avoided.
Fig. 4 shows a bottom filter pad 3, where the bottom filter pad 3 is used as the most core component of the mechanical filter, and has extremely strict requirements on the material performance. The filter material belongs to damping materials, and the material characteristics are related to the external force besides being influenced by the filter material. After the type of the filter material is selected, the pretightening force of the filter material needs to be determined through repeated experiments, and finally the filter material achieves the optimal performance. The damping characteristics of the filter material affect the sensor linearity to some extent, so the effect of the material on the sensor core linearity must be controlled when selecting the filter material. The bottom surface filtering gasket 3 adopts a simplified circular structure, the thickness of the bottom surface filtering gasket is 1mm through repeated experiments, and the thickness of the bottom surface filtering gasket 1mm is determined through various experiments to meet the high-frequency filtering requirement of the sensor, so that the linearity of the sensor is not influenced by filtering materials.
Fig. 5 shows a lateral restraint structure 4, the lateral restraint structure 4 being designed for assembly with the outer wall of the sensor core in a drum. The transverse constraint structure 4 is assembled with the sensor core body and then assembled with the base 1, and an assembly body formed by the transverse constraint structure 4 and the sensor core body and the shell are in tight fit relation, so that transverse displacement is avoided when the sensor core body is impacted.
The top filter pad 5 of fig. 6 is designed as a structure with a hole in the middle, which serves to assemble the sensor outlet terminals. The top surface filtering gasket 5 and the bottom surface filtering gasket 3 are made of the same filtering material, and the top surface filtering gasket 5 is used for meeting the requirement of symmetrical rows of the mechanical filter, and the filtering gasket 5 is thickened to ensure the up-down symmetry of the mechanical filter.
Fig. 7 shows a top spacer 6, where the top spacer 6 is designed to isolate the electrical connection between the sensor core and the housing, thereby avoiding the influence of the housing on the sensor output. Another function of the top spacer 6 is to serve as a filter material to be isolated from the top press block 7, which is a damping material, and the press block directly contacting the filter material is highly likely to cause damage to the filter material when a pre-tightening force is applied.
Fig. 8 shows a top press block 7, and the structure of the top press block 7 mainly comprises a press block low surface 71, mounting threads 72 and a loading structure 73. The low surface 71 of the pressing block 7 needs enough flatness to avoid eccentricity during assembly and can not be assembled with the threads of the base 1. The mounting threads 72 need to ensure sufficient strength, and the mounting threads 72 are primarily used to create a preload force sufficient to ensure sensor strength. The loading structure 73 is mainly used for loading and is convenient for clamping a torque wrench.
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. The above-described embodiments of the present invention are illustrative of the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the scope of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A mechanical filter applied to a high G value impact acceleration sensor, characterized in that: the mechanical filter comprises a base (1), an isolation structure, a bottom filtering gasket (3), a top filtering gasket (5) and a top pressing block (7), wherein the isolation structure comprises a bottom isolation gasket (2), a transverse constraint structure (4) and a top isolation gasket (6); the bottom isolation gasket (2), the bottom filtering gasket (3), the transverse constraint structure (4), the top filtering gasket (5), the top isolation gasket (6) and the top pressing block (7) are sequentially arranged in the base (1), and all the component parts are fastened together through the pretightening force exerted by the top pressing block (7) to form the mechanical filter; the base (1) comprises a mounting stud (11), a hexagonal structure (12), a barrel-shaped structure (13), first mounting threads (14), an inner mounting surface (15) and a bottom mounting surface (16), and the top press block (7) comprises a press block bottom surface (71), second mounting threads (72) and a loading structure (73);
an integrated screw rod is processed on the base (1) and is used for being in threaded connection with an external mounting surface;
the base (1) is of a barrel-shaped structure so as to place all other mechanical filter component parts;
the top end of the base (1) is provided with a first mounting thread (14) which is used for being matched with the top pressing block (7) to apply pretightening force to the mechanical filter and the sensor core body;
the bottom filter gasket (3) adopts a circular structure, and the material of the bottom filter gasket is damping material;
the top filter gasket (5) is of a circular structure with a hole in the middle, and the material of the top filter gasket is the same as that of the bottom filter gasket (3);
the transverse constraint structure (4) adopts a barrel-shaped structure, adopts polyimide material and has the wall thickness of 0.5mm.
2. A mechanical filter for use in a high G value impact acceleration sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the bottom filter gasket (3) is 1mm.
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