CN108457644B - Gamma-ray energy spectrum unscrambling method and device for element capture energy spectrum logging - Google Patents
Gamma-ray energy spectrum unscrambling method and device for element capture energy spectrum logging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling method and a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling device for element capture energy spectrum logging. The spectrum resolving method comprises the steps of firstly preprocessing data acquired by an element capture energy spectrum logging instrument; then, constructing a main element group and an auxiliary element group according to the mutual influence degree among elements by theoretical analysis and numerical calculation among different element spectral shapes, characteristic peak tracks and backgrounds; then, spectrum resolution is carried out by using a least square method on the basis of the construction of the main element group and the auxiliary element group; and finally, performing energy spectrum reconstruction according to the yield of each element obtained by spectrum resolution by the least square method through a theory, and comparing the measured gamma energy spectrum with the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum to perform error control so as to improve the spectrum resolution precision. The spectrum resolving method has the advantages of high precision, strong operability and the like, has better universality for different types of reservoirs, and provides important reference and reference significance for processing neutron-gamma energy spectrum data of other types of instruments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling method and a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling device for element capture energy spectrum logging, belonging to the technical field of logging in the field of oil and gas exploration.
Background
An Element Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) logging instrument is a novel stratum element logging instrument which is released to the Chinese market by the Schlumberger company, and the instrument obtains a gamma energy spectrum by utilizing the principle that neutrons collide with stratum atomic nuclei to generate nuclear reaction, wherein the gamma energy spectrum contains information of main rock-making elements in the stratum, such as Si, Ca, Fe, Al, S, Ti, H, Gd and the like, and provides a new way for fine evaluation of complex reservoir lithology. The core of element capture energy spectrum logging interpretation is to scale the original measurement spectrum of the stratum by using the standard spectrum of each element and obtain the yield of each element by spectrum resolution. The measurement spectrum acquired by the element capture spectrum instrument contains both capture gamma information and inelastic scattering information, and the most important for field interpretation and evaluation of the oil field is the capture gamma information, so the influence of the inelastic scattering information on the spectrum resolution precision must be considered when the measurement spectrum is subjected to spectrum resolution processing. Meanwhile, the spectrum resolution precision of the neutron capture gamma energy spectrum is also limited by the mutual influence among different stratum elements.
Although the prior scholars have studied the spectrum-solving method of the element capture energy spectrum logging, the prior scholars mainly focus on numerical simulation and theoretical explanation, and do not provide an effective technical method aiming at actual downhole data, so that the prior scholars cannot be applied to actual production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is directed to a gamma-ray spectroscopy solution method and apparatus for element capture spectroscopy logging. The method is a method for resolving the spectrum of the original measurement spectrum obtained by the element capture energy spectrum logging instrument, and has the advantages of high precision, strong operability and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gamma-ray spectroscopy solution method for element capture spectroscopy logging, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring and analyzing data of a research area, wherein the data at least comprises element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data (also called measurement gamma energy spectrum, measurement mixed gamma energy spectrum, total element gamma energy spectrum measurement spectrum and the like in the invention) and whole rock oxide analysis data, and determining the main element type of the area;
step 2: preprocessing the logging data of the element capture gamma energy spectrum, wherein the preprocessing comprises selection of an energy window, smooth filtering of the energy spectrum, normalization processing and deduction of inelastic scattering information to obtain a preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectrum;
and step 3: constructing a main element group and an auxiliary element group which are composed of different elements so as to determine the resolution sequence of the different elements;
and 4, step 4: according to the main element group and the auxiliary element group obtained in the step 3, in the element capture gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2, the main element is firstly subjected to spectrum decomposition by using a least square method, then the contribution of all the main elements is deducted from the total element gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2 (namely the element capture gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2), and then the auxiliary elements are subjected to spectrum decomposition by using the least square method, so that the relative yield of each element is obtained;
and 5: and (4) according to the relative yield of each element obtained in the step (4), reconstructing the element capture gamma energy spectrum by combining the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum (also called as the single element standard spectrum in the invention) of the single element, comparing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum, and determining whether the spectrum resolving result is reliable.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 1 of the above-mentioned spectrum-solving method, the acquired and analyzed data of the research area further includes one or more of conventional well logging data, geological data, and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 1 of the above-mentioned spectrum solving method, the type of the main element of the research region is determined by: the weight percentage of different oxides in the rock is obtained by analyzing the analysis data of the oxide of the whole rock in the research area and optionally one or a combination of more of conventional logging data, logging data and geological data, and the main element type of the area is determined according to the weight percentage of each oxide. Wherein, geological data mainly includes: core slices and/or geological reports, etc. The whole rock oxide analysis data is necessary data for determining the main element types of the research area, and one or more of conventional logging data, logging data and geological data can be referred.
In the spectrum resolving method, the gamma energy spectrum is preprocessed in the step 2, so that the influence of factors such as borehole environment, inherent characteristics of the instrument and the like on the instrument in the measuring process can be eliminated, and the spectrum resolving precision is improved.
In terms of energy window selection, the gamma ray energy detected by the element capture spectroscopy log is generally concentrated in 0-10MeV, corresponding to a trace address of 0-255, for a total of 256 traces. The low energy section is easily affected by Compton platform effect and noise of the instrument to generate high count, i.e. a large amount of interference signals should be removed before spectrum resolution. In the high-energy section, the counting of the energy spectrum is very low, the final solving result is not greatly influenced in the spectrum solving process, and the energy spectrum is removed before the spectrum solving process. If the data with adverse effects are not completely removed, the influence on the spectrum solution is generated; however, removing too much data will remove useful information and will also affect the solution spectrum. Therefore, selecting the proper energy range is a key issue that must be addressed before resolution.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 2 of the above-mentioned spectrum solution method, the selected energy window range is 30-210 traces. The basic principle of selecting the spectrum resolving energy window provided by the invention is not to remove the energy corresponding to the element full energy peak. The inventor of the invention searches the characteristic peak positions of various elements related to the solution spectrum by inquiring nuclear data published by the international atomic energy agency, and determines the energy window range of the solution spectrum according to energy information corresponding to the peak positions. The characteristic peak positions of the elements are ranked from low to high according to energy and are 1.38, 1.808, 1.924, 1.951, 2.073, 2.092, 2.223, 2.282, 2.379, 2.828, 3.033, 3.22, 3.539, 3.587, 3.691, 3.981, 4.419, 4.733, 4.737, 4.869, 4.933, 5.42, 5.9, 5.92, 6.018, 6.11, 6.36, 6.379, 6.395, 6.418, 6.42, 6.76, 7.414, 7.631, 7.646, 7.724, 7.769, 7.79 and 8.153 (MeV). The energy window was taken from 1.2MeV to 8.4MeV based on these data, which corresponds to an energy window range of 30-210 traces, as shown in FIG. 1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 2 of the above-mentioned spectrum solution method, the energy spectrum smoothing filtering is performed by using a Savitzky-Golay filter, and filtering the element capture gamma spectrum logging data in the selected energy window range by using a Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method, wherein the formula of the Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method is shown in the following formula 1:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating the filtered count, y, at a certain addressiIndicates the count at the address, yi-1Indicating the count, y, at the address preceding the addressi-2The count, y, on the first two addresses representing that addressi+1Indicating the count at the address following the address, yi+2Indicating the count at the second address of the address.
In the measurement process of the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging instrument, inherent statistical fluctuation exists, and the problems of false peaks, weak peaks and the like in the measured gamma energy spectrum can be eliminated through smooth filtering of the energy spectrum. In the invention, the Savitzky-Golay filter is adopted, and data of a gamma energy spectrum is measured by polynomial fitting within the filtering window length to obtain a filtered result, namely a value of a fitting polynomial corresponding to a filtering point. Through the analysis of the gamma energy spectrum of the original measurement, the Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method provided by the invention can eliminate burrs. The filtering method of the invention is essentially to carry out weighted average on the measured data, so that each data fluctuation in the energy spectrum data is averaged, the influence of the average on the data trend is very small, and the average value of the fluctuation is zero, thereby effectively eliminating the influence of the statistical fluctuation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 2 of the above-mentioned spectrum solution method, the normalization process is performed by: for the element capture gamma spectrum logging data after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, the sum of 181 (channel by channel) energy spectrum data is 10, and the element capture gamma spectrum after normalization processing is obtained, wherein the formula is shown as the following formula 2:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized element Capture Gamma spectra at kth Lane, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjAnd f, counting the number of the gamma-ray energy spectrum captured by the element corresponding to the depth point j in the k channel after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smooth filtering, wherein j is the depth point under the stratum.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the normalization process is to accumulate the energy spectrum counts of the whole energy segment, and then divide each count by the sum of the counts corresponding to all the channel addresses in the energy window range, so that the normalized data is between 0 and 10, and the sum of the energy spectrum data of the whole energy segment is 10. In the invention, the normalization processing is to normalize the gamma energy spectrum data in the energy window range after filtering to obtain the normalized gamma energy spectrum data, so that the qualitative calculation value of the capture element after the normalization processing can accurately reflect the change of the whole well section, therefore, the normalization processing can provide guarantee for the method of the qualitative calculation and separation of the element and can also accurately reflect the stratum change in the energy window range.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 2 of the above-mentioned spectrum solution method, the method for subtracting the inelastic scattering information is: and selecting the counts of three channel addresses of 30-54 channels, 55-75 channels and 76-210 channels from the normalized element capture gamma energy spectrum, and respectively using 0.9, 0.7 and 0.8 as subtraction coefficients to carry out inelastic information subtraction. The gamma energy spectrum acquired by the element capture energy spectrum logging contains capture gamma information and inelastic scattering information, and the most important to the field interpretation and evaluation of the oil field is the capture gamma information, so the contribution of the inelastic scattering information to the total element gamma energy spectrum measurement spectrum must be deducted when the spectrum stripping processing is carried out on the measurement spectrum, and the precision of the later-period spectrum stripping can be effectively improved. In the specific implementation manner of the present invention, a segmented subtraction method is adopted for the method for subtracting the inelastic scattering information in the measurement spectrum, and different subtraction coefficients are respectively adopted for different energy segments to eliminate the influence of the inelastic scattering information in the measurement spectrum according to the contribution of different elements to the total counts of different energy segments.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 3 of the above-mentioned spectrum solving method, the constructed main element group includes: one or more elements of Si, Ca, S, H, Cl, Ti, Fe, Na, Ba, Gd and the like, wherein the contribution of the elements accounts for more than 80 percent of the gamma energy spectrum of the total elements; the constructed auxiliary element group comprises: one or more elements of Mg, K, Cr, Ni, I, Tb, Al and the like. The difference of the single-element standard gamma energy spectrum in the spectrum shape and the characteristic peak position is the core and key of the logging resolution of the element capture energy spectrum, but actually, different elements have certain similarity and overlap in the spectrum shape and the characteristic peak position distribution. As shown in FIG. 2, Na elements and Mg elements have certain similarity on the spectrum shape, and overlap exists on the site where the characteristic energy peak is located, so that the precision of spectrum solution can be reduced if mutual influence factors among the elements are not considered in the actual spectrum solution process, and the accuracy of oil and gas reservoir evaluation is influenced. The element group proposed and constructed by the invention is established on the basis of considering the mutual influence of standard gamma energy spectrums of different element single elements; the main element group mainly comprises elements forming part of the rock skeleton; the construction of the auxiliary element group is established for eliminating or assisting to improve the resolution precision of other elements, the auxiliary elements Mg and K are mainly used for analyzing and judging the yield of S, the auxiliary elements Mg, Cr and Ni are used for analyzing and judging the yields of Si, Ca and Fe, and the auxiliary elements Cr, Ni, I, Tb and Al are used for analyzing and judging H, Gd and the yield of Ti, thereby improving the resolution precision.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 4 of the above-mentioned spectrum solution method, the spectrum solution using the least square method is performed according to the algorithm shown in the following formula 3, so as to obtain the relative yield of each element:
wherein, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element (i.e., the contribution of that element to the total count), aijCount of element capture standard gamma spectra for the normalized singleton of the jth element in lane i, ciCount of gamma spectra at i track, ε, for pretreated elementsiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
According to the invention, after the main element group is subjected to spectrum decomposition by using the least square method formula, the contribution of the main element is deducted from the gamma energy spectrum of the total element after pretreatment, and then the auxiliary element group is subjected to spectrum decomposition again by using the least square method formula, so that the yield information of each element in the main element group and the auxiliary element group is obtained step by step, and the spectrum decomposition precision is effectively improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 5 of the above-mentioned spectrum solving method, the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element is obtained by: for the standard gamma spectrum of the elemental capture, the sum of the spectral data of 256 tracks (per track) is 10, and the formula is shown in the following formula 4:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized elementary Capture Standard Gamma Spectroscopy at kth, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjAnd f, counting the k-th channel of the element capture standard gamma spectrum of the single element before normalization processing corresponding to the depth point j, wherein j is the depth point under the stratum.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 5 of the above-mentioned de-spectroscopy method, the reconstruction of the element capture gamma energy spectrum is performed by calculating the count of the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum in the ith trace (i.e. the count of all de-spectroscopy elements in the ith trace) according to the following formula 5, and after obtaining the counts of each trace, drawing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum:
wherein, XiTo reconstruct the counts of the gamma spectra on the ith pass, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element (calculated from equation 3), aijThe count of the normalized single-element capture standard gamma spectrum for the jth element on the ith trace (calculated from equation 4), εiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
According to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the step 5 of the above-mentioned spectrum solving method, the comparison of the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum and the measured gamma energy spectrum is performed according to equation 6:
︱Ci－Xi| [ [ epsilon ] ((type 6) ])
ciTo measure the counts of the gamma spectra in the ith pass, XiCounting the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum at the ith track, wherein epsilon is a relative error;
when the relative error is less than or equal to 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be reliable; and when the relative error is more than 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be unreliable.
In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the reconstruction mode of the gamma energy spectrum is a reference spectrum stripping analysis method, the measured mixed gamma energy spectrum is considered to be a linear combination of single elements, reconstruction is carried out based on an acquired standard spectrum database of the single elements when determining the content of the formation elements according to the yield results of known capture and inelastic scattering elements, then the actually measured gamma energy spectrum is compared with the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum to determine whether the spectrum resolving result is reliable or not, and further the spectrum resolving precision is controlled.
The invention also provides a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling device for the element capture energy spectrum logging, which comprises:
the data acquisition and main element type determination module is used for acquiring and analyzing data of a research area, wherein the data at least comprises element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data and whole rock oxide analysis data, and determining the main element type of the area;
the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data, wherein the preprocessing comprises selection of an energy window, smooth filtering of an energy spectrum, normalization processing and deduction of inelastic scattering information to obtain a preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectrum;
the main element group and auxiliary element group building module is used for building a main element group and an auxiliary element group which are composed of different elements so as to determine the resolution sequence of the different elements;
the element group-based least square method spectrum resolving module is used for resolving a spectrum of a main element in a pretreated element capture gamma energy spectrum according to a main element group and an auxiliary element group by using a least square method, then deducting the contribution of all the main elements from a pretreated total element gamma energy spectrum (namely the pretreated element capture gamma energy spectrum), and resolving the spectrum of the auxiliary element by using the least square method, so that the relative yield of each element is obtained;
and the gamma energy spectrum reconstruction and error control module is used for reconstructing the element capture gamma energy spectrum by combining the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element according to the relative yield of each element, comparing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum and determining whether the spectrum resolving result is reliable or not.
In the above device, preferably, in the data acquisition and principal element type determination module, the acquired and analyzed research area data further includes one or a combination of more of conventional logging data, geological data, and the like.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the data acquisition and principal element type determination module, the study region principal element type is determined by: the weight percentage of different oxides in the rock is obtained by analyzing the analysis data of the whole rock oxides in the research area and optionally one or a combination of more of conventional logging data, geological data and the like, and the main element type of the area is determined according to the weight percentage of each oxide.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the element capture gamma spectral log data preprocessing module, the selected energy window range is 30-210 traces.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the element capture gamma spectrum logging data preprocessing module, the energy spectrum smoothing filter is implemented by using a Savitzky-Golay filter, and filtering the element capture gamma spectrum logging data in the selected energy window range by using a Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method, where the formula of the Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method is shown in the following formula 1:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating the filtered count, y, at a certain addressiIndicates the count at the address, yi-1Indicating the count, y, at the address preceding the addressi-2The count, y, on the first two addresses representing that addressi+1Indicating the count at the address following the address, yi+2Indicating the count at the second address of the address.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the element capture gamma spectrum logging data preprocessing module, the normalization processing adopts a method of: for the element capture gamma spectrum logging data after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, the sum of 181 (channel by channel) energy spectrum data is 10, and the element capture gamma spectrum after normalization processing is obtained, wherein the formula is shown as the following formula 2:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized element Capture Gamma spectra at kth Lane, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjAnd f, counting the number of the gamma-ray energy spectrum captured by the element corresponding to the depth point j in the k channel after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smooth filtering, wherein j is the depth point under the stratum.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the element capture gamma spectroscopy log data preprocessing module, the inelastic scattering information is subtracted by: selecting 30-54 channels, 55-75 channels and 76-210 channels of three-section channel addresses from the normalized element capture gamma energy spectrum, counting, and respectively using 0.9, 0.7 and 0.8 as subtraction coefficients to carry out inelastic information subtraction
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the main element group and auxiliary element group constructing module, the constructed main element group includes: one or more elements of Si, Ca, S, H, Cl, Ti, Fe, Na, Ba, Gd and the like; the constructed auxiliary element group comprises: one or more elements of Mg, K, Cr, Ni, I, Tb, Al and the like.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the element group-based least-squares solution spectrum module, the solution spectrum by the least-squares method is performed according to an algorithm as shown in the following formula 3 to obtain the relative yield of each element:
wherein, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element (i.e., the contribution of that element to the total count), aijCount of element capture standard gamma spectra for the normalized singleton of the jth element in lane i, ciCount of gamma spectra at i track, ε, for pretreated elementsiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the gamma spectrum reconstruction and error control module, the normalized single-element capture standard gamma spectrum is obtained by: the standard gamma spectrum is captured for the element of the single element, so that the sum of the energy spectrum data of 256 tracks (track by track) is 10, and the formula adopted is shown as the following formula 4:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized elementary Capture Standard Gamma Spectroscopy at kth, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjElement capture standard gamma spectra of single elements before normalization processing corresponding to j depth pointsThe count of the kth trace, j, is the depth point below the formation.
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the gamma spectrum reconstruction and error control module, the reconstruction of the element capture gamma spectrum is performed by calculating the count of the reconstructed gamma spectrum in the ith trace (i.e. the count of all the elements in the solution spectrum in the ith trace) according to the following formula 5, and after obtaining the count of each trace, drawing the reconstructed gamma spectrum:
wherein, XiTo reconstruct the counts of the gamma spectra on the ith pass, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element (calculated from equation 3), aijThe count of the normalized single-element capture standard gamma spectrum for the jth element on the ith trace (calculated from equation 4), εiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
In the above apparatus, preferably, in the gamma spectrum reconstruction and error control module, the comparison between the reconstructed gamma spectrum and the measured gamma spectrum is performed according to equation 6:
︱Ci－Xi| [ [ epsilon ] ((type 6) ])
ciTo measure the counts of the gamma spectra in the ith pass, XiCounting the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum at the ith track, wherein epsilon is a relative error;
when the relative error is less than or equal to 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be reliable; and when the relative error is more than 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be unreliable.
After the processing method of the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data is deeply researched, the high-precision and operable method and device for resolving the gamma energy spectrum obtained by the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging instrument are provided, and an excellent technical means is provided for accurately performing the resolution of the element capture gamma energy spectrum. The method firstly preprocesses gamma energy spectrum data acquired by the element capture energy spectrum logging instrument, and eliminates the influence of factors such as borehole environment, inherent characteristics of the instrument and the like on the instrument in the measurement process. Then, on the basis of considering the mutual influence among different elements, the concept of neutron capture gamma energy spectrum solution based on element groups and a specific implementation method are provided for the first time; through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation among different element spectral shapes, characteristic peak tracks and backgrounds, a main element group and an auxiliary element group are constructed according to the mutual influence degree among elements, and the sequence of resolving spectrums of different elements is determined for the first time. And then, the method for resolving the neutron capture gamma energy spectrum based on the element group is realized for the first time based on the least square method, the energy spectrum is reconstructed according to the yield of each element obtained by resolving the spectrum by the least square method through a theory, the actually measured gamma energy spectrum is compared with the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum for error control, and the spectrum resolving precision is effectively improved. The field application of the oil field shows that the spectrum solution method and the spectrum solution device have better universality for different types of reservoirs, and provide important reference and reference significance for neutron gamma energy spectrum data processing of other types of instruments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a selection of a cepstrum energy window.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of element capture standard gamma spectra for Na element and Mg element singlets.
FIG. 3 shows the spectrum-resolving effect of each element in DAS3 well 2403.1956 m.
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of reconstructed and measured gamma energy spectra of a DAS3 well 2403.1956 m.
Fig. 5 is a graph of a pre-processed elemental capture gamma spectrum versus a measured gamma spectrum for a DAS3 well 2403.1956 m.
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of reconstructed gamma energy spectra and measured gamma energy spectra of main element groups of the DAS3 well 2403.1956 m.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical characteristics, purposes and benefits of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the practical application examples of the oil field, but not to be construed as limiting the applicable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling method for element capture spectrum logging, which can comprise the following steps:
1. acquisition of total element gamma energy spectrum measurement spectrum and determination of main element distribution type of research area
Logging is carried out on a reservoir section 3230-. The method comprises the steps of obtaining and analyzing the whole rock oxide analysis experiment results and logging data of the Daqing oilfield DAS3 well, and finding that the reservoir interval 3230m-3270m mainly comprises Si, Ca, Al, Fe, S, K, Na, Mg, Ti, Gd, H and Ba elements, and the oxide of the elements accounts for 98.9% of the weight of the rock.
2. Preprocessing element capture gamma spectrum data
The measurement spectra of depth points of the reservoir section 3230-3270m of the DAS3 well are respectively preprocessed to respectively obtain preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectra corresponding to the depth points, wherein the preprocessing comprises selection of an energy window, smooth filtering of the energy spectra, normalization processing and deduction of inelastic scattering information.
Wherein the selected energy window range is 30-210 passes, as shown in fig. 1.
The mode of the energy spectrum smoothing filtering is to use a Savitzky-Golay filter and filter the measurement spectrum in the selected energy window range by using a Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method, and the formula of the Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method is shown as the following formula 1:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating the filtered count, y, at a certain addressiIndicates the count at the address, yi-1Indicating the count, y, at the address preceding the addressi-2The count, y, on the first two addresses representing that addressi+1Indicating the count at the address following the address, yi+2Indicates the wayCount on the second address of the address.
The normalization processing adopts the following method: for the measurement spectrum after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, the sum of 181 (channel-by-channel) energy spectrum data is 10, and the measurement spectrum after normalization processing is obtained, and the formula adopted is as shown in the following formula 2:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized measurement spectra at kth track for j depth point correspondences, NkjAnd j is the depth point under the stratum, and the count of the measured spectrum which is corresponding to the depth point j and is subjected to energy window range selection and energy spectrum smooth filtering is carried out on the k channel.
The method for deducting the inelastic scattering information comprises the following steps: and selecting counts of three channel addresses of 30-54 channels, 55-75 channels and 76-210 channels from the normalized measurement spectrum, and respectively using 0.9, 0.7 and 0.8 as subtraction coefficients to carry out inelastic information subtraction.
3. Constructing a primary element group and a secondary element group
According to step 1, the main element types of the reservoir section 3230m-3270m of the DAS3 well are Si, Ca, Al, Fe, S, K, Na, Mg, Ti, Gd, H and Ba. The main element group constructed accordingly is: si, Ca, S, Ti, Fe, Na, Gd; considering the influence of the background of the instrument, Tb is added when the auxiliary element group is constructed, so the constructed auxiliary element group is as follows: mg, K, Al and Tb.
4. Least square method spectrum solution based on element group
According to the main element group and the auxiliary element group obtained in the step 3, in the element capture gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2, performing spectrum decomposition on the main elements (namely, Si, Ca, S, Ti, Fe, Na, H, Ba and Gd) by using a least square method, then deducting the contribution of all the main elements from the pretreated total element gamma energy spectrum (namely, the element capture gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2), and performing spectrum decomposition on the auxiliary elements (namely, Mg, K, Al and Tb) by using the least square method, thereby obtaining the relative yield of each element;
the least squares solution is performed according to the following algorithm shown in formula 3 to obtain the relative yield of each element:
wherein, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element (i.e., the contribution of that element to the total count), aijCount of element capture standard gamma spectra for the normalized singleton of the jth element in lane i, ciCount of gamma spectra at i track, ε, for pretreated elementsiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
Taking the element capture gamma spectrum acquired from the DAS3 well 2403.1956m depth point as an example, the relative yields of each element obtained by de-spectroscopy are shown in fig. 3. Since Td is the background yield, there is no reference value, so it is not shown in FIG. 3.
5. Reconstructing gamma spectra and controlling errors
And (4) according to the relative yield of each element obtained in the step (4), reconstructing the element capture gamma energy spectrum by combining the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element, and comparing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum to determine whether the spectrum resolving result is reliable.
Wherein the normalized elemental capture standard gamma spectrum of the single element is obtained by the following method: for the standard gamma spectrum of the elemental capture, the sum of the spectral data of 256 tracks (per track) is 10, and the formula is shown in the following formula 4:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized elementary Capture Standard Gamma Spectroscopy at kth, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjAnd f, counting the k-th channel of the element capture standard gamma spectrum of the single element before normalization processing corresponding to the depth point j, wherein j is the depth point under the stratum.
Considering that the count of the first two addresses has no practical significance, the element capture standard gamma spectrum of a single element can also be normalized using the following formula 4-1:
the reconstruction of the element capture gamma energy spectrum is to calculate the count of the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum in the ith channel (namely the count of all the spectrum resolving elements in the ith channel) according to the following formula 5, and draw the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum after obtaining the count of each channel:
wherein, XiTo reconstruct the counts of the gamma spectra on the ith pass, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element (calculated from equation 3), aijThe count of the normalized single-element capture standard gamma spectrum of the jth element on the ith trace (calculated by equation 4 or equation 4-1), εiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
The comparison of the reconstructed gamma spectrum with the measured gamma spectrum is performed according to equation 6:
︱Ci－Xi| [ [ epsilon ] ((type 6) ])
ciTo measure the counts of the gamma spectra in the ith pass, XiCounting the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum at the ith track, wherein epsilon is a relative error;
when the relative error is less than or equal to 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be reliable; and when the relative error is more than 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be unreliable.
Taking the spectrum resolving result of each element at the depth point 2403.1956m of the DAS3 well as an example, the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum and the measured gamma energy spectrum (fig. 4), the preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectrum and the measured gamma energy spectrum (fig. 5), and the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum of the main element group (i.e. the counting of all main elements in the ith channel is calculated according to the formula 5, and the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum is obtained after the counting of each channel is obtained) and the measured gamma energy spectrum (fig. 6) are compared, as can be seen from fig. 4-6, the spectrum resolving result of the embodiment is reliable, and the spectrum resolving method is accurate and effective.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a gamma energy spectrum unscrambling device for element capture energy spectrum logging, which comprises:
the data acquisition and main element type determination module is used for acquiring and analyzing data of a research area, wherein the data at least comprises element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data and whole rock oxide analysis data, and determining the main element type of the area;
the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data, wherein the preprocessing comprises selection of an energy window, smooth filtering of an energy spectrum, normalization processing and deduction of inelastic scattering information to obtain a preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectrum;
the main element group and auxiliary element group building module is used for building a main element group and an auxiliary element group which are composed of different elements so as to determine the resolution sequence of the different elements;
the element group-based least square method spectrum resolving module is used for resolving a spectrum of a main element in a pretreated element capture gamma energy spectrum according to a main element group and an auxiliary element group by using a least square method, then deducting the contribution of all the main elements from a pretreated total element gamma energy spectrum (namely the pretreated element capture gamma energy spectrum), and resolving the spectrum of the auxiliary element by using the least square method, so that the relative yield of each element is obtained;
and the gamma energy spectrum reconstruction and error control module is used for reconstructing the element capture gamma energy spectrum by combining the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element according to the relative yield of each element, comparing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum and determining whether the spectrum resolving result is reliable or not.
Claims (7)
1. A gamma-ray spectroscopy unscrambling method of element capture spectroscopy logging, comprising the steps of:
step 1: acquiring and analyzing data of a research area, wherein the data at least comprises element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data and whole rock oxide analysis data, and determining the main element type of the research area;
step 2: preprocessing the logging data of the element capture gamma energy spectrum, wherein the preprocessing comprises selection of an energy window, smooth filtering of the energy spectrum, normalization processing and deduction of inelastic scattering information to obtain a preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectrum;
and step 3: constructing a main element group and an auxiliary element group which are composed of different elements so as to determine the resolution sequence of the different elements;
and 4, step 4: according to the main element group and the auxiliary element group obtained in the step 3, in the element capture gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2, the main element is firstly subjected to spectrum decomposition by using a least square method, then the contribution of all the main elements is deducted from the element capture gamma energy spectrum pretreated in the step 2, and then the auxiliary elements are subjected to spectrum decomposition by using the least square method, so that the relative yield of each element is obtained;
and 5: according to the relative yield of each element obtained in the step 4, reconstructing the element capture gamma energy spectrum by combining the element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element after normalization processing, and comparing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum to determine whether the spectrum resolving result is reliable or not;
in step 2, the selected energy window range is 30-210 channels, and the normalization processing method is as follows: for the measurement spectrum after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, the sum of 181 energy spectrum data is 10, and the measurement spectrum after normalization processing is obtained, and the formula adopted is as shown in the following formula 2:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized measurement spectra at kth track for j depth point correspondences, NkjCounting the measurement spectrum corresponding to the depth point j in the kth channel after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, wherein k is a channel address, and j is a depth point under the stratum;
the method for deducting the inelastic scattering information comprises the following steps: selecting counts of three sections of 30-54 channels, 55-75 channels and 76-210 channels of channel addresses from the measurement spectrum after normalization processing, and respectively using 0.9, 0.7 and 0.8 as subtraction coefficients to carry out inelastic information subtraction;
in step 3, the constructed main element group includes: one or more elements of Si, Ca, S, H, Cl, Ti, Fe, Na, Ba and Gd; the constructed auxiliary element group comprises: one or more elements of Mg, K, Cr, Ni, I, Tb and Al,
in step 5, the normalized elemental capture standard gamma spectrum of the single element is obtained by the following method: the standard gamma energy spectrum is captured for the element of the single element, so that the sum of the energy spectrum data of 256 channels is 10, and the formula adopted is shown as the following formula 4:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized elementary Capture Standard Gamma Spectroscopy at kth, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjAnd counting the element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element before normalization processing corresponding to the depth point j in the k-th channel, wherein k is the channel address, and j is the depth point under the stratum.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the acquired and analyzed data of the research area further comprises one or more of conventional logging data, logging data and geological data; the main element types of the research area are determined by the following modes: the weight percentage of different oxides in the rock is obtained by analyzing the analysis data of the whole rock oxides in the research area and optionally one or a combination of more of conventional logging data, logging data and geological data, and the main element type in the research area is determined according to the weight percentage of each oxide.
3. The method of unscrambling of claim 1, wherein, in step 2, the energy spectrum is smoothly filtered by using a Savitzky-Golay filter and by using a Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method to filter the element capture gamma spectrum log data in the selected energy window range, the formula of the Savitzky-Golay five-point filtering method is shown in the following formula 1:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating the filtered count at a track address, i being the track address number, yiIndicates the count at the address, yi-1Indicating the count, y, at the address preceding the addressi-2The count, y, on the first two addresses representing that addressi+1Indicating the count at the address following the address, yi+2Indicating the count at the second address of the address.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the least square method is used to perform the spectrum solution according to the following algorithm shown in formula 3 to obtain the relative yield of each element:
wherein, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element, i is the track address number, aijCount of element capture standard gamma spectra for the normalized singleton of the jth element in lane i, ciCount of gamma spectra at i track, ε, for pretreated elementsiTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the reconstruction of the element capture gamma energy spectrum is performed by calculating the counts of the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum at the ith trace according to the following formula 5, and after the counts of each trace are obtained, the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum is drawn:
wherein i is the address number, XiTo reconstruct the counts of the gamma spectra on the ith pass, yjIs the relative yield of the jth element, aijCount of element capture standard gamma spectra for the normalized singleton of the jth element on lane i, ∈iTo correct the coefficient,. epsiloni≤0.1。
6. The method of unscrambling of claim 1, wherein, in step 5, the comparison of the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum is according to equation 6:
︱Ci－Xiepsilon (6)
i is the track address number, ciTo measure the counts of the gamma spectra in the ith pass, XiCounting the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum at the ith track, wherein epsilon is a relative error;
when the relative error is less than or equal to 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be reliable; and when the relative error is more than 5%, the spectrum resolving result is considered to be unreliable.
7. A gamma-ray spectroscopy apparatus for elemental capture spectroscopy logging, comprising:
the data acquisition and main element type determination module is used for acquiring and analyzing data of a research area, wherein the data at least comprises element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data and whole rock oxide analysis data, and determining the main element type of the research area;
the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the element capture gamma energy spectrum logging data, wherein the preprocessing comprises selection of an energy window, smooth filtering of an energy spectrum, normalization processing and deduction of inelastic scattering information to obtain a preprocessed element capture gamma energy spectrum,
wherein, the selected energy window range is 30-210 channels, and the normalization processing method comprises the following steps: for the measurement spectrum after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, the sum of 181 energy spectrum data is 10, and the measurement spectrum after normalization processing is obtained, and the formula adopted is as shown in the following formula 2:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized measurement spectra at kth track for j depth point correspondences, NkjCounting the measurement spectrum corresponding to the depth point j in the kth channel after energy window range selection and energy spectrum smoothing filtering, wherein k is the channel address, j is the depth point under the stratum,
the method for deducting the inelastic scattering information comprises the following steps: selecting counts of three sections of 30-54 channels, 55-75 channels and 76-210 channels of channel addresses from the measurement spectrum after normalization processing, and respectively using 0.9, 0.7 and 0.8 as subtraction coefficients to carry out inelastic information subtraction;
the main element group and auxiliary element group construction module is used for constructing a main element group and an auxiliary element group which are composed of different elements so as to determine the resolution sequence of the different elements, and the constructed main element group comprises: one or more elements of Si, Ca, S, H, Cl, Ti, Fe, Na, Ba and Gd; the constructed auxiliary element group comprises: one or more elements of Mg, K, Cr, Ni, I, Tb and Al;
the element group-based least square method spectrum resolving module is used for resolving the spectrum of the main elements in the pretreated element capture gamma energy spectrum according to the main element group and the auxiliary element group by using a least square method, then deducting the contributions of all the main elements from the pretreated element capture gamma energy spectrum, and then resolving the spectrum of the auxiliary elements by using the least square method, so as to obtain the relative yield of each element;
a gamma energy spectrum reconstruction and error control module used for reconstructing the element capture gamma energy spectrum by combining the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element according to the relative yield of each element, comparing the reconstructed gamma energy spectrum with the measured gamma energy spectrum and determining whether the spectrum solution result is reliable or not,
the normalized element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element is obtained by the following method: the standard gamma energy spectrum is captured for the element of the single element, so that the sum of the energy spectrum data of 256 channels is 10, and the formula adopted is shown as the following formula 4:
wherein N isGkjCount of normalized elementary Capture Standard Gamma Spectroscopy at kth, N, for j depth Point correspondenceskjAnd counting the element capture standard gamma energy spectrum of the single element before normalization processing corresponding to the depth point j in the k-th channel, wherein k is the channel address, and j is the depth point under the stratum.
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| CN111123379B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pure non-elastic gamma energy spectrum acquisition method based on dual-spectrum combination |
| CN112114382A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Correction method for neutron capture gamma standard spectrum of formation element logging |
| CN112360428B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2024-02-20 | 长江大学 | Capturing section calculation method and device for neutron life logging |
| CN112649888B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-08-12 | 东华理工大学 | Uranium ore quantitative scale coefficient solving method based on energy spectrum logging characteristic spectrum peak |
| CN113241125B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Neutron energy spectrum universal type spectrum resolving method, system, electronic equipment and readable medium |
| CN113250686B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-07-11 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Method and system for directly measuring uranium by using underground gamma energy spectrum |
| CN113671588B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-10-14 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Element logging spectrum-resolving method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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