CN108456798A - Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements and its solidification preparation method - Google Patents
Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements and its solidification preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108456798A CN108456798A CN201810293432.4A CN201810293432A CN108456798A CN 108456798 A CN108456798 A CN 108456798A CN 201810293432 A CN201810293432 A CN 201810293432A CN 108456798 A CN108456798 A CN 108456798A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Cu Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements and its solidification preparation methods, belong to Cu Cr field of alloy preparation technology.Using micro element Bi is added into Cu Cr alloy melts, the nucleation rate of richness Cr phase drops when liquid liquid phase becomes in Cu Cr alloy melt cooling procedures is improved, promotes the formation of diffusion-type Cu Cr alloy composite solidification tissues.The present invention can be used for preparing the Cu Cr alloy materials that rich Cr particle dispersions are distributed in rich Cu matrixes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Cu-Cr field of alloy preparation technology, and in particular to a kind of Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements and
It solidifies preparation method.
Background technology
Cu-Cr alloys are a kind of important electrical contact materials.Material requirements richness Cr phases in the form of a particle Dispersed precipitate in
In Cu matrixes.But Cu-Cr alloy phase diagrams are as shown in Figure 1, there are the metastable unmixing temperature ranges of liquid constituent element.When uniform alloy
When melt is cooled in the metastable unmixing temperature range of liquid constituent element, liquid-liquid decomposition will occur, rich Cr drops are precipitated from melt
It is precipitated.Since the difference in specific gravity between two liquid phases is very big, rich Cr drops can deposit；Meanwhile the temperature in process of setting in melt
Gradient can lead to the interface energy gradient of drop/melt, and drop is caused to be migrated to high-temperature region, therefore, Cu-Cr alloy liquid-liquid decompositions
Period easily forms the phenomenon that phase segregation serious or even two phase stratification, prepare it is extremely difficult, using conventional casting methods it is difficult to
To the alloy material of even tissue, which has limited industrially prepare Cu-Cr alloys with clotting method.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements and its solidification preparation methods, pass through
Micro Bi elements are added into Cu-Cr alloy melts, richness Cr phases when improving liquid-liquid decomposition in Cu-Cr alloy melt cooling procedures
The nucleation rate of drop promotes the formation of diffusion-type Cu-Cr alloy composite solidification tissues.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements, Bi constituent contents >=0.05wt% in the Cu-Cr alloys, wherein Bi
Constituent content is preferably 0.05~0.1wt%, and Cr constituent contents are preferably 15~40wt%, remaining is Cu.
The Cu-Cr alloys have diffusion-type composite solidification tissue, wherein Cr phases in the form of a particle Dispersed precipitate in Cu bases
In body.
The Cu-Cr alloys with diffusion-type composite solidification tissue are prepared using quick solidified cast technology, such as metal mold
Or graphite mold casting.Detailed process is：Melting Cu-Cr alloy raw materials (being free of Bi elements) are heated, to gained Cu-Cr alloy melts
The middle the desired amount of Bi elements of addition, when the Cu-Cr alloy melts containing Bi elements are cooled to the metastable unmixing temperature of liquid constituent element
When, rich Cr phases drop Precipitation from melt, Bi elements reduce the interface energy between two liquid phases, improve the forming core of richness Cr phase drops
Rate obtains the Cu-Cr alloys of diffusion-type composite solidification tissue after solidification.
The smelting temperature of the Cu-Cr alloys is Tc, meet Tb+100℃<Tc<1650 DEG C, wherein TbFor Cu-Cr alloys
Equilibrium liquid-liquid phase change temperature.
Equilibrium liquid-liquid phase change temperature T of the pouring temperature of the Cu-Cr alloys in Cu-Cr alloysbMore than.
The principle of the present invention is as follows：
Cu-Cr is a kind of monotectic alloy, and liquid-liquid decomposition, rich Cr can occur in uniform Cu-Cr alloy melt cooling procedures
Drop Precipitation from melt.For Cu-Cr alloys, Bi is a kind of surface active element, into Cu-Cr alloy melts
After adding micro Bi elements, when Cu-Cr alloy melts are cooled to the unmixing temperature of metastable liquid constituent element, rich Cr phases drop is from molten
Precipitation in body, Bi elements can reduce the energy of the interface between rich Cr drops and matrix melt, and This reduces both rich Cr phases drops
Forming core resistance improves its forming core rate, and reduces the Marangoni migration velocities of drop, therefore Bi can promote diffusion-type Cu-
The formation of Cr alloy composite solidification tissues.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, the present invention controls the liquid-liquid decomposition heating power of Cu-Cr alloys using the method for addition surface/interface active element Bi
Learn and dynamic process, with clotting method prepare Cr in the form of a particle Dispersed precipitate in the Cu-Cr composite materials of Cu matrixes.
2, it is especially applicable to the faster foundry engieering of cooling velocity, such as：Metal mold, graphite mold casting etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that Cu-Cr alloys illustrate phasor.
Fig. 2 is the microstructure of Cu-15wt%Cr alloy samples, wherein：(a) it is not added with Bi；(b) it is added to 0.1wt%
Bi.Matrix is richness Cu phases in figure, and dispersed granules are richness Cr phases.
Fig. 3 is the microstructure of Cu-20wt%Cr alloy samples, wherein：(a) it is not added with Bi；(b) it is added to 0.1wt%
Bi.Matrix is richness Cu phases in figure, and dispersed granules are richness Cr phases.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
When cooling down liquid-liquid decomposition (see Fig. 1) occurs first for Cu-Cr alloy melts, and when solidification easily forms segregation and is seriously
To the tissue of two phase stratification, prepare extremely difficult.The present invention has studied micro- Bi to the behavior of Cu-Cr alloy grainings and tissue
Influence, it is found that micro Bi can significantly improve the nucleation rate of richness Cr phase drops during Cu-Cr alloys liquid-liquid decomposition, refine
Solidified structure, the acquisition for promoting diffusion-type solidified structure.Accordingly, the present invention to Cu-Cr alloys by adding trace element Bi, system
Standby Cu-Cr alloy diffusion-type composite materials.Such as the solidified structure that Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are prepared Cu-Cr alloys.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2, casting Cu-15wt%Cr alloys using copper mold, copper mold internal diameter is 5mm, and copper mold temperature is before pouring into a mould
Room temperature.It is not added with richness Cr phases in the sample of Bi in the form of large dendritic crystal to exist, adds richness Cr phases in the alloy sample of 0.1wt%Bi
Exist in the form of dispersed granules, is evenly distributed.
Its preparation process is as follows：
With arc melting Cu-15wt%Cr alloys and Cu-15wt%Cr-0.1wt%Bi alloys, it is warming up to 1600 DEG C simultaneously
Melt is injected into copper mold after keeping the temperature 2 minutes.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 3, casting Cu-20wt%Cr alloys using copper mold, copper mold internal diameter is 5mm, and copper mold temperature is before pouring into a mould
Room temperature, specimen finish 5mm.It is not added with richness Cr phases in the sample of Bi in the form of large dendritic crystal to exist, adds the alloy of 0.1wt%Bi
Richness Cr phases exist in the form of dispersed granules in sample, are evenly distributed.
Its preparation process is as follows：
With arc melting Cu-20wt%Cr alloys and Cu-20wt%Cr-0.1wt%Bi alloys, it is warming up to 1600 DEG C simultaneously
Melt is injected into copper mold after keeping the temperature 2 minutes.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements, it is characterised in that：Bi constituent contents in the Cu-Cr alloys >=
0.05wt%.
2. the Cu-Cr alloys according to claim 1 containing micro Bi elements, it is characterised in that：In the Cu-Cr alloys, Bi
Constituent content is 0.05~0.1wt%.
3. the Cu-Cr alloys according to claim 1 containing micro Bi elements, it is characterised in that：Cr members in the Cu-Cr alloys
Cellulose content is 15~40wt%.
4. according to any Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：The Cu-Cr is closed
Gold utensil has a diffusion-type composite solidification tissue, wherein Cr phases in the form of a particle Dispersed precipitate in Cu matrixes.
5. according to the solidification preparation method of any Cu-Cr alloys containing micro Bi elements of claim 1-3, feature exists
In：The Cu-Cr alloys are prepared using quick solidified cast technology, and detailed process is：Melting Cu-Cr alloy raw materials, to gained Cu-
Micro Bi elements are added in Cr alloy melts, and melt is poured into metal mold or graphite mo(u)ld；When the Cu-Cr containing Bi elements is closed
When golden melt is cooled in the metastable unmixing temperature range of liquid constituent element, rich Cr phases drop Precipitation from melt, Bi elements
The interface energy between two liquid phases is reduced, the nucleation rate of richness Cr phase drops is improved, the multiple with diffusion-type of the element containing Bi is obtained after solidification
Close the Cu-Cr alloys of solidified structure.
6. the solidification preparation method of the Cu-Cr alloys according to claim 5 containing micro Bi elements, it is characterised in that：Institute
The smelting temperature for stating Cu-Cr alloy raw materials is Tc, meet Tb+100℃<Tc<1650 DEG C, wherein TbFor the balance of Cu-Cr alloys
Liquid-liquid decomposition temperature.
7. the solidification preparation method of the Cu-Cr alloys according to claim 5 containing micro Bi elements, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is that metal mould casting or graphite mold to state foundry engieering.
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| CN1510152A (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-07 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | High-performance cucr 25 alloy contact materials and rapid solidifying preparation |
| CN101565803A (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2009-10-28 | 北京科技大学 | Heat treatment method for improving strength and conductivity of copper alloy of Cu-Cr series |
| JP2011142054A (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-21 | Toshiba Corp | Contact material for vacuum valve |
| CN102943189A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-02-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method for preparing novel vacuum high-pressure copper-chromium contact materials |
| CN105755309A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Technology for preparing copper-chromium contact material by extruding large ingot |
| CN105463238B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-08-25 | 济南大学 | A kind of copper chromium electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107604200A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2018-01-19 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of the enhanced CuCr alloys of timeliness |
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| JP2001236864A (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2001-08-31 | Shibafu Engineering Corp | Contact material of vacuum circuit-breaker for electric power |
| JP2004014293A (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Shibafu Engineering Corp | Vacuum breker |
| CN1510152A (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-07 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | High-performance cucr 25 alloy contact materials and rapid solidifying preparation |
| CN101565803A (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2009-10-28 | 北京科技大学 | Heat treatment method for improving strength and conductivity of copper alloy of Cu-Cr series |
| JP2011142054A (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-21 | Toshiba Corp | Contact material for vacuum valve |
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| CN105463238B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-08-25 | 济南大学 | A kind of copper chromium electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105755309A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Technology for preparing copper-chromium contact material by extruding large ingot |
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