CN108455676B - Preparation method of nano spinel lithium manganate serving as lithium ion battery cathode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of nano spinel lithium manganate serving as lithium ion battery cathode material Download PDF

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CN108455676B
CN108455676B CN201810263476.2A CN201810263476A CN108455676B CN 108455676 B CN108455676 B CN 108455676B CN 201810263476 A CN201810263476 A CN 201810263476A CN 108455676 B CN108455676 B CN 108455676B
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manganese
lithium
nickel
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CN108455676A (en
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杨改
王波
秦显忠
蔡飞鹏
蒋波
高金华
陈花
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Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
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    • C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
    • C01G45/125—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3
    • C01G45/1257—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3 containing lithium, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3
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    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract

A preparation method of nano spinel lithium manganate serving as a lithium ion battery anode material comprises the following steps: preparing a manganese salt solution with the concentration of 0.5-3M, a citric acid solution with the concentration of 1-5M and an alkaline aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5-3M, mixing the manganese salt solution with the citric acid solution, adding a small amount of water for dilution, pouring the alkaline solution into the mixed solution, aging the mixed solution for 20-30h to obtain a manganese precipitate, repeatedly washing, drying and presintering the manganese precipitate, mixing the manganese precipitate with a lithium source in proportion, and roasting at the high temperature of 700-750 ℃ to obtain the lithium manganate anode material. The lithium manganate material prepared by the method has the characteristics of simple process, fine product particles, high specific capacity and excellent rate capability.

Description

Preparation method of nano spinel lithium manganate serving as lithium ion battery cathode material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a lithium ion battery anode material nano spinel lithium manganate.
Background
The lithium ion battery positive electrode materials currently in use and development mainly include: lithium Cobaltate (LCO) and its derivatives lithium Nickel Cobaltate (NCA) and lithium nickel manganese cobaltate (NCM), spinel type Lithium Manganate (LMO) and its derivatives Lithium Nickel Manganate (LNMO), olivine type lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and the like. The lithium manganate material has the advantages of rich resources, low cost, no pollution, good safety, good rate performance and the like, occupies nearly 20 percent of the global electric automobile sales volume in daily production, and is a lithium manganate battery. The material has the problems that the capacity of the material is quickly attenuated due to the factors of manganese dissolution, the ginger-Taylor effect, electrolyte decomposition and the like in the charge-discharge cycle process, so that the commercial development of the material is restricted, and a large number of researches show that after the lithium manganate material is subjected to nanocrystallization, lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation sites are increased, the polarization of the material is reduced, the structure of the material is more stable, and the electrochemical performance is improved.
CN101237044A discloses rock salt type lithium manganate and a preparation method thereof. The rock salt type lithium manganate serving as the nano-scale lithium ion battery anode material is Li2-XHXMnO3(X is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5). Oxidizing manganese salt by using an oxidant, and transferring the obtained precipitate to a hydrothermal kettle containing a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) solution; or directly mixing and stirring the oxidant, the manganese salt and the LiOH solution, and transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle; and (3) treating the hydrothermal kettle at 140-250 ℃, filtering and washing the obtained precipitate, and drying to obtain the nano lithium ion battery anode material rock salt type lithium manganate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of nano spinel lithium manganate which is simple in process and suitable for industrial production of a lithium ion battery anode material.
The reason for improving the electrochemical performance of the lithium manganate anode material by preparing the nano material is that the nano material can effectively inhibit the occurrence of a ginger taylor side reaction, inhibit the dissolution of manganese, shorten a lithium ion deintercalation path, properly increase the specific surface area of the lithium manganate anode material, and also can improve the electrode reaction rate on the surface of the lithium manganate anode material.
A preparation method of nano spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide serving as a lithium ion battery anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a nickel manganese salt solution with the concentration of 0.5-3M, a citric acid solution with the concentration of 1-5M and an alkaline aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5-3M;
(2) mixing the nickel-manganese salt solution and the citric acid solution in proportion, and adding a small amount of water for dilution;
(3) pouring the alkaline solution into the mixed solution in the step (2), shaking up and standing;
(4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the material obtained in the step (3), repeatedly washing the precipitate, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 2-6h to obtain nickel-manganese precipitate containing crystal water;
(5) pre-burning the product obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 500-;
(6) taking a small amount of deionized water or absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, mixing and drying the absolute nickel-manganese precipitate obtained in the step (5) and a lithium source according to a molar ratio of Li to Mn of 1-1.05 in terms of manganese and lithium respectively;
(7) and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the product obtained in the step (6) in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 700-750 ℃ for 10-20h to obtain the nano lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode material.
In the preparation method, the manganese salt solution in the step (1) is replaced by the nickel-manganese mixed solution to obtain the nano lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode material; wherein the molar ratio of nickel to manganese in the nickel-manganese mixed solution is Ni: Mn ═ x:2-x, wherein x is where x is 0.1 to 1.5, preferably 0.5 to 1.0.
In the preparation method, the manganese salt in the step (1) is one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese acetate and manganese nitrate; the alkaline aqueous solution is one or more of sodium hydroxide, ammonia water and sodium carbonate.
In the preparation method, the molar ratio of the Mn salt and the citric acid in the step (2) is Mn to CA which is 2-0.5 calculated by manganese and citric acid respectively.
In the preparation method, the lithium source in the step (6) is one or more of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate.
The method has the beneficial effects that the nano spinel lithium manganate anode material is prepared by adopting a citric acid auxiliary method, after the lithium manganate material is subjected to nanocrystallization, lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation sites are increased, the polarization of the material is reduced, the structure of the material is more stable, and the electrochemical performance is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the manganese carbonate product obtained by the present invention, the particle size is 100-200 nm;
FIG. 2 is an electron microscope image of the nano lithium manganate prepared by the present invention, and the particle size is about 100 nm.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparing 1M manganese nitrate solution, 2M citric acid solution and 1M sodium carbonate solution, respectively measuring 20ml of manganese nitrate and 10ml of citric acid solution, mixing in a beaker, adding 100ml of deionized water for dilution, adding 50ml of sodium carbonate solution into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, standing for 10h, filtering the precipitate, repeatedly washing with deionized water, drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2h, taking out, performing heat treatment in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 6h to obtain manganese sesquioxide, weighing 15.8g of manganese sesquioxide and 4g of lithium carbonate, fully grinding and mixing by using absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, drying in the oven at 80 ℃, taking out, performing heat treatment in the muffle furnace at 750 ℃ for 20h, and taking out to obtain the nano lithium manganate positive electrode material. When the nano lithium manganate material is used as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode to assemble a battery, the initial discharge specific capacities of the battery at 0.1C and 10C multiplying powers are respectively 128mAh/g and 100mAh/g in a voltage range of 3-4.5V at room temperature.
Example 2
The same parts of this embodiment as embodiment 1 will not be described again, but the differences are: preparing 1M nickel-manganese mixed solution (Ni: Mn is 1:3, mol ratio) to replace 1M manganese nitrate solution, precipitating and presintering to obtain nickel-manganese mixed oxide, weighing 16g mixed oxide and 2.2g lithium hydroxide, fully grinding and mixing by taking deionized water as a medium, drying and removing in an oven at 60 ℃, placing in a muffle furnace for heat treatment at 720 ℃ for 10 hours, and taking out to obtain the nano lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode material. The nano lithium nickel manganese oxide material is used as an anode, a lithium sheet is used as a cathode to assemble a battery, and the first discharge specific capacities of the battery at 0.1C and 10C multiplying powers are respectively 130mAh/g and 110mAh/g when the voltage is measured to be in a range of 3-4.5V at room temperature.
Example 3
Directly weighing 15.8g of analytically pure manganese sesquioxide and 4g of lithium carbonate, fully grinding and mixing by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, drying and taking out the mixture in an oven at 80 ℃, and carrying out heat treatment in a muffle furnace at 750 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the lithium manganate cathode material. When a battery is assembled by taking the lithium manganate material as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet as a negative electrode, the first discharge specific capacities at the multiplying powers of 0.1C and 10C at room temperature are respectively 112mAh/g and 80 mAh/g.
Comparative example 1
Preparing 1M potassium permanganate solution, adding 4g lithium carbonate, fully grinding and mixing by taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, then treating in an oven at 160 ℃, washing and drying the obtained precipitate, and placing in a muffle furnace for heat treatment at 750 ℃ for 20 hours, and then taking out to obtain the nano lithium manganate cathode material. When the nano lithium manganate material is used as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode to assemble a battery, the initial discharge specific capacities of the battery at 0.1C and 10C multiplying powers are respectively 114mAh/g and 85mAh/g in a voltage range of 3-4.5V at room temperature.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of nano spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide serving as a lithium ion battery anode material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a nickel-manganese mixed solution with the concentration of 0.5-3M, a citric acid solution with the concentration of 1-5M and an alkaline aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5-3M;
(2) mixing the nickel-manganese mixed solution and the citric acid solution in proportion, and adding a small amount of water for dilution;
(3) pouring the alkaline solution into the mixed solution in the step (2), shaking up and standing;
(4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the material obtained in the step (3), repeatedly washing the precipitate, and drying in an oven at 80-100 ℃ for 2-6h to obtain nickel-manganese precipitate containing crystal water;
(5) pre-burning the product obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 500-;
(6) taking a small amount of deionized water or absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, mixing and drying the absolute nickel-manganese precipitate obtained in the step (5) and a lithium source according to a molar ratio of Li to Mn of 1-1.05 in terms of manganese and lithium respectively;
(7) carrying out heat treatment on the product obtained in the step (6) in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 700-750 ℃ for 10-20h to obtain a nano lithium nickel manganese oxide positive electrode material;
wherein the molar ratio of nickel to manganese in the nickel-manganese mixed solution is Ni to Mn, x to 2-x, wherein x is 0.1-1.5;
the nickel-manganese mixed solution and the citric acid solution in the step (2) are respectively calculated by manganese and citric acid, and the molar ratio of Mn to CA is 2-0.5.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of nickel to manganese in the nickel-manganese mixed solution is Ni: Mn ═ x:2-x, wherein x is 0.5-1.0.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the alkaline aqueous solution in the step (1) is one or more of sodium hydroxide, ammonia water and sodium carbonate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (6) the lithium source is one or more of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate.
CN201810263476.2A 2018-03-28 2018-03-28 Preparation method of nano spinel lithium manganate serving as lithium ion battery cathode material Expired - Fee Related CN108455676B (en)

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CN1264233C (en) * 2003-04-26 2006-07-12 清华大学 Method for preparing spherical lighium manganate anode material of lighium ion batteries
CN101891255B (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-05-23 华东师范大学 Method for preparing manganic acid lithium electrode material
CN102010009A (en) * 2010-11-06 2011-04-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Method for preparing layered lithium manganate anode material of lithium ion battery
CN102709544B (en) * 2012-06-06 2015-04-15 中南大学 Nickel cobalt lithium manganate composite cathode material and preparation method of nickel cobalt lithium manganate composite cathode material
CN102931393B (en) * 2012-11-15 2015-03-04 北京工业大学 Lithium manganate anode material with porous spherical structure and preparation method of lithium manganate anode material
CN103746113A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-23 深圳市天骄科技开发有限公司 Preparation method of coated spinel lithium manganate composite cathode material
CN104319393B (en) * 2014-11-12 2016-08-24 安徽工业大学 A kind of doping modification method of lithium manganate having spinel structure positive electrode
CN105304893A (en) * 2015-09-25 2016-02-03 湖北宇电能源科技股份有限公司 Preparation method of lithium ion battery anode active material lithium nickel manganese oxide

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