Tertiary cathode material of a kind of special mono-crystalline structures and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to tertiary cathode material of a kind of special mono-crystalline structures and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium rechargeable battery becomes more and more important in the life of people, is widely used in the source of portable power by people.Compared to other power source, it has lot of advantages, low and environmental friendliness of such as longer useful life, lighter weight, cost etc.Thus, lithium battery market trend sustainable growth at home and abroad.
Early stage business-like anode material for lithium-ion batteries mainly concentrates on LiCoO
2, its capacity is lower only has 140mAh/g, and this is mainly because material chemical property and structure under high voltage condition are all unstable, and cobalt price is higher, poisonous.At present except cobalt acid lithium, commercial positive electrode also comprises ternary material, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4.From whole positive electrode product proportion general layout, although cobalt acid lithium is at current dominate, from global shipment amount, tertiary cathode material increases the market ratio just significantly compressing lithium cobaltate cathode material fast.2012 and the predictable coming years, Chinese Enterprise, Japan and Korea S etc. can be increasing to the use amount of ternary.Ternary is mainly the ternary material of secondary spherical particle in the market, and this material compaction is low, and in production process, secondary ball is easily broken.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the tertiary cathode material of a kind of special mono-crystalline structures of a kind of high power capacity, high-energy-density, excellent cycle performance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of tertiary cathode material of special mono-crystalline structures.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of tertiary cathode material of special mono-crystalline structures, and the general formula of this positive electrode is: LiNi
xco
ymn
zm
vo
2, wherein x+y+z=1,0.2≤x≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.4,0.2≤z≤0.5,0.01≤v≤0.03, M is a kind of element in Ti, Zn, Cr, F.
A preparation method for the tertiary cathode material of special mono-crystalline structures, comprises following two steps:
Step one: prepare presoma, i.e. mono-crystalline structures nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide;
Nickel, cobalt, manganese compound in water-soluble solution is taken according to mol ratio x:y:z, under the condition constantly stirred, add ammoniacal liquor regulate pH value of solution, the value range of pH controls between for 8 ~ 10, again this solution is poured in reactor, reactor is put into Muffle furnace sinter, the temperature range of sintering is 300 ~ 500 DEG C, and the time of sintering is between 12 ~ 15h, then cools, cleans, grinds and obtain presoma;
Step 2: prepare mono-crystalline structures nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material;
The compound of lithium salts, presoma, M is taken according to mol ratio 1:1.0 ~ 1.09:v; by lithium salts, presoma and M compound Homogeneous phase mixing; carry out multi-steps sintering again; atmosphere protection is had in sintering process; the temperature curve of sintering is 500 ~ 550 DEG C of sintering 2 ~ 3 hours; 820 ~ 1020 DEG C sinter 8 ~ 10 hours, and cooling, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material LiNi
xco
ymn
zm
vo
2.
In this preparation method, nickel, cobalt, manganese compound are nickel, cobalt, the manganese of nitrose, the nickel of chloride-based, cobalt, manganese, the nickel of sulfuric acid based, cobalt, manganese, or the nickel of acetic acid class, cobalt, manganese.
In this preparation method, lithium salts is one in lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate or its salt-mixture.
In this preparation method, M is that the element in Ti, Zn, Cr, F is a kind of.
Advantageous effect of the present invention is: due to this preparation method of the present invention, so the ternary material of the mono-crystalline structures of preparation has the following advantages: 1) single crystal grain surface is comparatively smooth, can contact preferably with conductive agent, is beneficial to the transmission of lithium ion; 2) compacting of monocrystalline ternary material is large, and the ternary material compacting of secondary spherical particle is generally 3.6g/cm
3, the compacting of monocrystalline ternary material can reach 3.8 ~ 3.9g/cm
3, its higher compacting can reduce internal resistance, reduces polarization loss, extends battery cycle life, improves the energy content of battery; 3) this material is a special monocrystal particle structure, and specific surface is low, and its representative value is 0.25m
2/ g, in the course of processing, material not easily absorbs water, and is not easy fragmentation in the ternary material electrode compacting process of mono-crystalline structures, has good processing characteristics.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of embodiment 1 positive electrode material precursor;
Fig. 2 is the cyclic curve figure of embodiment 1 positive electrode sample.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described:
As described in Fig. 1,2, below by case study on implementation, the present invention is further described, but this is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art can according to basic ideas of the present invention, make corresponding improvement, only otherwise depart from thinking of the present invention, all within scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Mono-crystalline structures tertiary cathode material LiNi is prepared according to the following step
0.25co
0.25mn
0.5f
0.01o
2
1) accurately take 200 grams of nickelous sulfates according to the mol ratio of Ni:Co:Mn=1:1:2, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate be dissolved in a certain amount of water, configuration solution, then ammoniacal liquor is slowly dropped in solution, be 9 to pH, solution is poured in reactor, reactor is put into Muffle furnace 385 DEG C sintering 17h, cooling, cleaning, oven dry, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures presoma, i.e. nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide.
2) according to the mol ratio 1.01:1 of Li and nickel, cobalt, the plain summation of manganese three, take lithium carbonate, F takes lithium fluoride with nickel, cobalt, the plain summation of manganese three than for 0.01:1, by lithium carbonate, nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide and lithium fluoride Homogeneous phase mixing, carry out multi-steps sintering again, nitrogen atmosphere protection in sintering process, 500 DEG C sinter 3 hours, cooling, grinding; 920 DEG C sinter 11 hours again, and cooling, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures ternary material.
The ternary material of the mono-crystalline structures prepared, as shown in Figure 1.Its first capacitance be 152mAh/g, as shown in Figure 2, efficiency is 82% first, and compacting is 3.8g/cm
3.
Embodiment 2
Mono-crystalline structures tertiary cathode material LiNi is prepared according to the following step
0.25co
0.25mn
0.5cr
0.02o
2
1) accurately take 200 grams of nickel nitrates according to the mol ratio of Ni:Co:Mn=1:1:2, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate be dissolved in a certain amount of water, configuration solution, then ammoniacal liquor is slowly dropped in solution, be 9 to pH, solution is poured in reactor, reactor is put into Muffle furnace 420 DEG C sintering 15h, cooling, cleaning, oven dry, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures presoma, i.e. nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide.
2) according to the mol ratio 1.02:1 of Li and nickel, cobalt, the plain summation of manganese three, take lithium carbonate, Cr takes lithium fluoride with nickel, cobalt, the plain summation of manganese three than for 0.02:1, by lithium carbonate, nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide and chromic nitrate Homogeneous phase mixing, carry out multi-steps sintering again, nitrogen atmosphere protection in sintering process, 500 DEG C sinter 3 hours, cooling, grinding; 920 DEG C sinter 11 hours again, and cooling, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures ternary material.
The ternary material of the mono-crystalline structures prepared, its first capacitance be 153mAh/g, efficiency is 82.4% first, and compacting is 3.8g/cm
3.
Embodiment 3
Mono-crystalline structures tertiary cathode material LiNi is prepared according to the following step
0.25co
0.25mn
0.5ti
0.02o
2
1) accurately take 200 grams of nickel chlorides according to the mol ratio of Ni:Co:Mn=1:1:2, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride be dissolved in a certain amount of water, configuration solution, then ammoniacal liquor is slowly dropped in solution, be 9 to pH, solution is poured in reactor, reactor is put into Muffle furnace 350 DEG C sintering 17h, cooling, cleaning, oven dry, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures presoma, i.e. nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide.
2) according to the mol ratio 1.02:1 of Li and nickel, cobalt, the plain summation of manganese three, take lithium hydroxide, Cr takes lithium fluoride with nickel, cobalt, the plain summation of manganese three than for 0.02:1, by lithium carbonate, nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide and chromic nitrate Homogeneous phase mixing, carry out multi-steps sintering again, nitrogen atmosphere protection in sintering process, 480 DEG C sinter 3 hours, cooling, grinding; 870 DEG C sinter 11 hours again, and cooling, grinding, obtain mono-crystalline structures ternary material.
The ternary material of the mono-crystalline structures prepared, its first capacitance be 152mAh/g, efficiency is 84% first, and compacting is 3.85g/cm
3.
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method with the monocrystalline ternary anode material for lithium-ion batteries of special construction, by special reaction condition, high temperature, high pressure, alkaline environment first prepare the presoma with mono-crystalline structures; The monocrystalline presoma of lithium salts and special construction is being carried out Homogeneous phase mixing, and adulterate a small amount of inorganic substances simultaneously, improves the degree of crystallinity of material while improving the performance of material; Mixed material is carried out multi-steps sintering, in the process of sintering, carries out atmosphere protection.