CN108449859B - energy reducing device and method for wheel axle type particle accelerator in vacuum - Google Patents
energy reducing device and method for wheel axle type particle accelerator in vacuum Download PDFInfo
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- CN108449859B CN108449859B CN201810191468.1A CN201810191468A CN108449859B CN 108449859 B CN108449859 B CN 108449859B CN 201810191468 A CN201810191468 A CN 201810191468A CN 108449859 B CN108449859 B CN 108449859B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/12—Arrangements for varying final energy of beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/12—Arrangements for varying final energy of beam
- H05H2007/125—Arrangements for varying final energy of beam by mechanical means, e.g. stripping foils
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of particle accelerators, and relates to a passive energy reducer device for adjusting energy of particles led out by an accelerator, in particular to an energy reducer device of a wheel axle type particle accelerator capable of being used in vacuum and an energy reducing method thereof. The energy degrader comprises: a plurality of energy reducing stop blocks and a set of vacuum system are arranged on a rotary driving mechanism and a rotary disc. The vacuum system enables the rotating disc and the energy-reducing stop block to be in a vacuum environment, and the rotating disc is rotated through the rotating driving mechanism, so that the thickness of the energy-reducing stop block at the beam position is changed to adjust the energy. The invention has compact structure and is beneficial to miniaturization; the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device is adopted, so that the vacuum reliability is high; the wheel shaft type structure is adopted, so that the quick adjustment of different energies can be realized; the energy-reducing stop block is convenient to disassemble and assemble and is beneficial to replacement; the method is a non-superposition energy reduction method and has small influence on beam emittance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of particle accelerators, and relates to a passive energy degrader device for adjusting energy of particles extracted by an accelerator, in particular to a wheel axle type particle accelerator energy degrader capable of being used in vacuum and an energy degrader method thereof.
Background
In the field of particle accelerators, particularly cyclotrons and linear accelerators with fixed extraction energy, passive energy reduction devices are often used, which are realized by using the principle of energy loss due to interaction between particles and substances. In synchrotrons, such passive energy reduction devices are sometimes used because the accelerator often has a minimum extracted energy.
the core of the energy reducing device is material stoppers with different thicknesses, and when a beam with specific energy passes through the material stoppers with different thicknesses, the energy lost through modes of ionization, scattering and the like is different, so that particle beams with different energies can be obtained after passing through the stoppers.
At present, there are three main energy reducing devices in common use: one is based on a one-way plug-in type movement mechanism, and an energy reducing stop block with step thickness is arranged at the front end of the movement mechanism to realize the adjustment of different energies; the second type is to adopt a bilateral insertion type movement mechanism, a wedge-shaped stop block is arranged at the front end of the movement mechanism, and the thickness of the stop block is adjusted by combining the two wedge-shaped stop blocks, so that the energy adjusting function is realized; the third is based on a rotating mechanism, and stoppers with different thicknesses are arranged on one disc to realize energy adjustment.
The step-shaped block type energy degrader inserted in one direction has the advantages of being simple in structure and easy to achieve, and is shown in the attached drawing 3. However, to realize multiple energy gears, multiple blocks with certain size and different thickness need to be arranged on one linear driving mechanism, and the occupied volume in the vertical beam direction is often large, so that the linear driving mechanism is not easy to miniaturize, and the continuous adjustment of energy cannot be realized.
the energy degrader with the wedge-shaped structure inserted from two sides adopts a pair of completely symmetrical wedge-shaped blocks, and the thickness of the material of the energy degrader through which axial beams pass is changed by radially controlling the distance between the two wedge-shaped blocks, so that the energy adjustment is realized, as shown in figure 4. The energy degrader can realize continuous adjustment of energy, and has the defects of high requirement on positioning precision; secondly, a vacuum gap is formed between the energy reducing stop blocks at the two sides, so that the energy reducing device is not compact enough; thirdly, the beam is scattered for many times, the emittance is increased greatly, and the transmission efficiency is low.
the energy reducing device based on the rotating mechanism has the advantages that the energy reducing device is compact, more stop blocks can be arranged on one rotating disc, the adjustment of a plurality of energy gears is realized, the difficulty is related to the rotating motion in vacuum, and the realization is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide an energy degrader device which can rapidly change the energy of a proton (heavy ion) accelerator particle beam, can be used in vacuum, has a compact structure and is convenient for replacing an energy degrader block. The wheel shaft mechanism driven by the motor drives the rotating disc to rotate, the energy reduction stop block is installed on the outer side of the rotating disc, and the thickness of the energy reduction stop block at the beam position is changed through rotation so as to realize rapid energy switching, so that particle beams with different energies are provided for users in physical experiments or radiotherapy. To achieve this, it is necessary to install the degrader device in the beam transport line and maintain a high vacuum state on the transport line.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a wheel axle type particle accelerator energy reducing device used in vacuum, which is characterized in that: comprises a rotary driving mechanism, a vacuum cavity and an energy reducing turntable positioned in the vacuum cavity;
a driving shaft of the rotary driving mechanism penetrates through the vacuum cavity to be connected with the energy reducing turntable;
The energy reducing rotary disc comprises a rotary disc and a plurality of energy reducing stop blocks with different thicknesses, wherein the energy reducing stop blocks are positioned on the same circumference;
The vacuum cavity is provided with an inlet beam pipeline and an outlet beam pipeline, and the beam enters the vacuum cavity from the inlet beam pipeline and vertically passes through the energy reducing stop block on the energy reducing turntable to be emitted through the outlet beam pipeline.
Preferably, the rotary driving mechanism comprises a servo motor and a magnetic fluid sealing transmission device;
An output shaft of the servo motor is connected with a central shaft of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device through a coupler, and the central shaft of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device penetrates through the vacuum cavity to be connected with the energy-reducing turntable; the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device guides rotary motion into the vacuum chamber and realizes vacuum sealing.
Preferably, the rotary driving mechanism further comprises a speed reducer, an input shaft of the speed reducer is connected with an output shaft of the servo motor, and an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with a central shaft of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device through a coupler. A central shaft is driven by a servo motor, a speed reducer and a coupler to provide rotary motion in a vacuum cavity and drive a rotary disk to rotate, so that energy-reducing stop blocks with different thicknesses are aligned to the center of a beam pipeline.
preferably, the rotating disc is provided with N hole sites along the same circumference, and N-1 energy reducing stop blocks are detachably fixed in the hole sites respectively. According to the subdivision energy requirement, a plurality of energy reducing stop blocks with different thicknesses are arranged on the hole position of the rotating disk. According to the energy requirement of the use state, the energy reduction stop block with a specific thickness is rapidly rotated to the central position of the beam pipeline calibrated in advance, so that the rapid energy switching is realized.
preferably, the energy reduction stop block is made of materials with higher density and lower atomic number, such as graphite, aluminum and the like, so that the loss of energy of a beam passing through the stop block with unit thickness is more, and the thickness of the stop block is reduced; secondly, the material has low atomic number and small scattering effect, so that the emittance of the beam current is favorably controlled; and thirdly, because the light elements are not easy to activate, the induced radioactivity level of the energy reducing device can be effectively reduced, and the operation and maintenance of the accelerator are facilitated.
preferably, the vacuum chamber is provided with a replacing window, an observation window and a vacuum pumping pipeline, and the replacing window is connected with the vacuum chamber through a flange. And the beam stop block is maintained and replaced by adopting a replacement window.
Preferably, the energy reducing device further comprises a supporting base, and the vacuum cavity is located on the supporting base.
Preferably, the vacuum cavity is a cylindrical cavity, and the end face is detachable.
preferably, the material of the rotating disc is stainless steel.
The invention also provides a method for reducing energy by using the wheel axle type particle accelerator energy reducing device for vacuum, which comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the following steps: calibrating the number of turns of the servo motor when each energy reduction stop block moves to the center of the beam pipeline by using collimation equipment, and recording the number of turns in a control system; recording the corresponding energy reduction amount of each energy reduction stop block in the control system;
step two: according to the working state of the accelerator, selecting a corresponding energy reduction stop block, controlling the rotation number of turns of the servo motor, enabling the corresponding energy reduction stop block to be aligned to the central position of a beam pipeline, and reducing the energy of the beam to the required energy after the beam passes through the energy reduction stop block with the specific thickness.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention realizes the change of the energy of the particle beam by using the material stop blocks with different thicknesses, has compact structure and is beneficial to miniaturization;
2. the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device is adopted to introduce rotary motion into the vacuum chamber and realize vacuum sealing, so that the vacuum reliability is high;
3. The invention has convenient operation, adopts a wheel shaft type structure and can realize quick and accurate adjustment of different energies;
4. the energy reducing block passes through the observation window and the replacement window, is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and is beneficial to overhaul and replace;
5. the invention is non-superposition energy reduction, reduces the positioning precision, avoids overlarge beam emittance increase, and provides a miniaturized solution for reducing the energy of the particle accelerator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general structural diagram of a wheel axle type particle accelerator energy reducing device used in vacuum of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of a rotating disk 6 and a lowering energy stopper 7 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a prior art unidirectional inserted stepped blocker degrader;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a prior art double-sided inserted wedge structure degrader;
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-a servo motor; 2, a speed reducer; 3, coupling; 4-magnetic fluid seal transmission device; 5-central axis; 6-rotating the disc; 7-energy reducing stop block; 8-inlet beam flow pipeline; 9-outlet beam flow pipeline; 10-vacuum pumping pipeline; 11-replacing the window; 12-a viewing window; 13-a support base; 14-vacuum chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
as can be seen from fig. 1, the energy reducing device of the present embodiment mainly includes a rotation driving mechanism, a vacuum chamber 14, and an energy reducing turntable located inside the vacuum chamber 14;
The rotary driving mechanism comprises a servo motor 1, a speed reducer 2 and a magnetic fluid sealing transmission device 4;
an input shaft of the speed reducer 2 is connected with an output shaft of the servo motor 1, the output shaft of the speed reducer 2 is connected with a central shaft 5 of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device 4 through a coupler 3, and the central shaft 5 of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device 4 penetrates through the vacuum cavity 14 to be connected with the energy-reducing turntable; the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device 4 guides rotary motion into the vacuum chamber and realizes vacuum sealing. The servo motor 1 outputs rotary motion, the speed reducer 2 realizes speed reduction and steering, and the rotary motion is connected with the central shaft 5 through the coupler 3 so as to drive the rotary disc 6 to rotate.
The energy reducing rotary disc comprises a rotary disc 6 and energy reducing stop blocks 7, N hole sites are formed in the rotary disc 6 along the same circumference, and N-1 energy reducing stop blocks 7 are detachably fixed in the hole sites respectively;
the vacuum cavity 14 is a cylindrical cavity, an inlet beam pipeline 8 and an outlet beam pipeline 9 are arranged on the vacuum cavity, beams enter the vacuum cavity 14 from the inlet beam pipeline 8, vertically penetrate through the energy reducing stop block 7 on the energy reducing turntable, and then are emitted through the outlet beam pipeline 9. Vacuum chamber 14 is fixed on supporting base 13, still is equipped with on the vacuum chamber 14 and changes window 11, observation window 12 and evacuation pipeline 10, when needing maintenance or change to fall to can the piece, the accessible is opened and is changed window 11 flange, changes required one or more and falls to can dog 7, and need not dismantle and reinstall whole device.
The energy reducing device is used in a proton synchrotron device, a proton beam with energy of 60-230 MeV can be directly led out from the synchrotron device to be used in an irradiation experiment, and energy regulation below 60MeV needs to be realized through the energy reducer in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, there are 24 holes on the stainless steel rotating disk 6, one hole has no energy-reducing block 7, and the other holes have 23 detachable graphite blocks with different thicknesses respectively for adjusting the energy of protons below 60MeV, where the correspondence between the thickness of the graphite block and the adjustment energy is shown in the following table, and the calculation is completed using the monte carlo program TRIM.
TABLE 1 correlation between the thickness of the graphite energy-reducing block and its regulating energy
The energy reducing device comprises the following use steps:
(1) before working, calibrating the number of rotating turns of the servo motor 1 when the energy reduction stop block 7 with each thickness moves to the center of the beam pipeline by using collimation equipment such as a measuring arm and the like, and recording the number of rotating turns in a computer control system. The position where the energy-reducing stop 7 is not installed is left on the rotating disk 6 and is marked as the position No. 0.
(2) When the proton beam energy required by an experimental user is more than 60MeV, the accelerator does not need to reduce the energy, the beam pipeline is aligned to the position No. 0 on the rotating disk 6, the beam can pass through the vacuum chamber of the energy reducer without being blocked by any object, and the beam energy is kept as the energy directly led out.
(3) When the energy of the extracted beam current needs to be reduced to a certain energy point below 60MeV, the energy number is only needed to be input into the computer control system, the drive system drives the rotating disk 6 to rotate for a specified number of turns under the vacuum environment, the energy reduction block corresponding to the energy is aligned to the central position of the beam current pipeline, the beam current passes through the energy reduction block 7 with a specific thickness, and the energy is reduced to the required energy.
(4) when the energy reducing blocks need to be repaired or replaced, one or more required energy reducing blocks can be replaced by opening the flange of the replacement window 11 without disassembling and reassembling the whole device.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A wheel axle type particle accelerator energy reducing device used in vacuum is characterized in that: comprises a rotary driving mechanism, a vacuum cavity (14) and an energy reducing turntable positioned in the vacuum cavity (14);
a driving shaft of the rotary driving mechanism penetrates through the vacuum cavity (14) to be connected with the energy reducing turntable;
The energy reducing turntable comprises a rotating disk (6) and a plurality of energy reducing stop blocks (7) which are arranged on the rotating disk (6) and have different thicknesses, and the energy reducing stop blocks (7) are arranged on the same circumference;
an inlet beam pipeline (8) and an outlet beam pipeline (9) are arranged on the vacuum cavity (14), and beams enter the vacuum cavity (14) from the inlet beam pipeline (8), vertically pass through an energy reducing stop block (7) on the energy reducing turntable and then are emitted through the outlet beam pipeline (9); the rotary driving mechanism comprises a servo motor (1) and a magnetic fluid sealing transmission device (4);
An output shaft of the servo motor (1) is connected with a central shaft (5) of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device (4) through a coupler (3), and the central shaft (5) of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device (4) penetrates through the vacuum cavity (14) to be connected with the energy-reducing turntable; the magnetic fluid seal transmission device (4) guides rotary motion into the vacuum chamber and realizes vacuum seal; the rotary driving mechanism further comprises a speed reducer (2), an input shaft of the speed reducer (2) is connected with an output shaft of the servo motor (1), and the output shaft of the speed reducer (2) is connected with a central shaft (5) of the magnetic fluid sealing transmission device through a coupler (3);
the vacuum cavity (14) is provided with a replacing window (11), an observation window (12) and a vacuum-pumping pipeline (10), and the replacing window (11) is connected with the vacuum cavity (14) through a flange; n hole sites are arranged on the rotating disc (6) along the same circumference, and N-1 energy reducing stop blocks (7) are detachably fixed in the hole sites respectively.
2. The wheel axle type particle accelerator energy-reducing device for vacuum of claim 1, characterized in that: the energy reducing stop block (7) is made of graphite or aluminum.
3. The wheel axle type particle accelerator energy-reducing device for vacuum of claim 2, characterized in that: the vacuum device also comprises a supporting base (13), and the vacuum cavity (14) is positioned on the supporting base (13).
4. a wheel axle type particle accelerator energy-reducing device for vacuum according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the vacuum cavity (14) is a cylindrical cavity, and the end face is detachable.
5. the wheel axle type particle accelerator energy-reducing device for vacuum of claim 4, characterized in that: the material of the rotating disc (6) is stainless steel.
6. A method for reducing energy by using the wheel axle type particle accelerator energy reducing device for vacuum of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calibrating the number of turns of the servo motor when each energy reduction stop block moves to the center of the beam pipeline by using collimation equipment, and recording the number of turns in a control system; recording the corresponding energy reduction amount of each energy reduction stop block in the control system;
step two: according to the working state of the accelerator, selecting a corresponding energy reduction stop block, controlling the rotation number of turns of the servo motor, enabling the corresponding energy reduction stop block to be aligned to the central position of a beam pipeline, and reducing the energy of the beam to the required energy after the beam passes through the energy reduction stop block with the specific thickness.
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| CN201810191468.1A CN108449859B (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | energy reducing device and method for wheel axle type particle accelerator in vacuum |
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| CN201810191468.1A CN108449859B (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | energy reducing device and method for wheel axle type particle accelerator in vacuum |
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| CN108449859B true CN108449859B (en) | 2019-12-06 |
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| CN114429893A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-05-03 | 复旦大学 | Multi-direction charged particle beam steering device |
| CN115006747B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-10-25 | 合肥中科离子医学技术装备有限公司 | Superconducting rotating gantry and proton treatment apparatus |
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