CN108448731A - A kind of collaborative wireless sense network energy compensation process and its wireless sense network - Google Patents
A kind of collaborative wireless sense network energy compensation process and its wireless sense network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of collaborative wireless sense network energy compensation process, and a kind of hierarchical architecture has been used to realize the cooperation between multiple mobile chargers, it is intended to supplement energy for the chargeable Sensor Network of large-scale wireless.Present invention uses multiple movable charging vehicles, and movable charging vehicle is divided into two classes, and one kind is common mobile charger, are responsible for sensor charging, and another kind of is super charger, is responsible for common movable charging vehicle charging.This method increases charging capacity by the collaborative work of multiple chargers, also can fully shorten the charging time of network entirety, ensure that network can be run for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless sensor networks, and particularly relates to an energy supplement method for a cooperative wireless sensor network.
Background
In the wireless sensor network, energy is consumed for collecting information and transmitting data by the sensor nodes, energy carried by the nodes is limited, and although energy consumption of the sensor network can be reduced by some energy-saving modes, the nodes can stop working due to the fact that energy is consumed out along with the lapse of time, and normal work of the wireless sensor network is affected. To solve the problem that the energy problem of the node becomes a significant hindrance to the deployment of the sensor network, researchers try to let the node collect the energy from the environment. However, the energy extracted from the environment is very difficult to predict and unstable. For example, the solar energy captured is typically affected by many factors, including time, weather, season, etc. This is inefficient for the proper operation of the sensor, so designing an efficient and stable charging method is an important task to keep the sensor operating. Wireless energy transfer based on strongly coupled magnetic resonance technology is a promising technology, which transfers energy from one storage device to another device without plugs or wires, fundamentally solving the problems of energy and life of wireless sensor networks. Compared with other wireless energy transmission technologies, the strong coupling magnetic resonance technology has obvious advantages, and the mode not only has high energy transmission efficiency, but also is basically not influenced by the environment. Since the sensor nodes are widely distributed geographically and the mobile charging device is required to move to the vicinity of the nodes for energy supplement, a scheme for supplementing energy to the nodes by using the mobile charging device is developed.
In a large-scale wireless sensor network, it is difficult for a single mobile charger to meet the charging requirements of the entire network. The problem is that when a large number of nodes needing charging exist, the capacity of the electric quantity carried by a single mobile charger is difficult to meet the requirements of all the nodes to be charged. With the increase of the number of the nodes to be charged, the total travel distance of the mobile charger is increased, and the driving electric energy carried by the charger for moving is limited, so that the energy supplement requirements of all the nodes cannot be met necessarily. In order to enable the mobile charger to perform charging round by round, the mobile charger needs to return to the charging station after the charging round is finished. The difficulty of problem solution is increased by factors such as large number of sensor nodes, wide distribution range, long distance and the like in a large-scale network. Meanwhile, the remaining electric quantity of the nodes to be charged is different, the power consumed by energy is different, and the load collected by data is different, so that the emergency degree of the nodes needing to be charged is different. Therefore, in a large-scale wireless sensor network, a plurality of mobile chargers are generally used to charge the sensors. And a super charger newly invented recently can charge the mobile chargers, so that the limited energy in the wireless sensor network is better utilized. Therefore, the mobile charger and the super charger need to be reasonably and efficiently scheduled, the charging efficiency of the mobile charger is improved, and the overall survival time of the network is prolonged to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a cooperative wireless sensor network energy supplement method aiming at the defects of the background art, wherein a plurality of mobile chargers are applied to wirelessly charge sensor nodes, and the energy supply of the mobile chargers is ensured through a super charger so as to ensure that the sensor nodes can be charged before the energy of the sensor nodes is exhausted.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems
A cooperative wireless sensor network energy supplementing method is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: n sensors distributed in the wireless sensor network send information to the base station at regular time, the remaining energy of the sensors is reported, and if the energy of the nodes is lower than a threshold valueThe base station adds the node label into the set V to be chargedCIn (1),is the initial charge of the sensor;
step 2: v is divided by k-means using a distance-based clustering algorithmCDivided into M blocks of which ViIs the ith block, i is 1,2, …, M, and VC＝V1∪V2∪…∪VM，Vi∩VjPhi, i, j 1,2, …, M, one Mobile Charger (MC) for each block;
and step 3: mobile charger MCm(M ═ 1, 2.., M) for V within a blockmRespectively calculate their shortest life expectancy Wherein,is a block VmThe shortest expected lifetime of the intermediate node i in time slot t,block VmThe remaining capacity of the intermediate node i in the time slot t, into blocks VmThe energy consumption estimate of the middle node i in time slot t, epsilon (0, 1).
And 4, step 4: solving for V using a two-week around tree algorithmmTSP optimized paths R of all nodes in the networkmM is 1,2, …, M, the path of the mobile charger is VmCharging the middle node, and calculating the electric quantity supplemented for each node, so that the shortest expected life of each node in the charged path is the same, and the following conditions are required to be met: is a block VmThe electric quantity to be supplemented by the middle node i in the time slot t; sending M mobile chargers from the base station as a set V to be chargedCAnd supplementing energy, and starting from the base station by M chargers at the same time, and respectively charging along each planned path. MC (monomer casting)m(M1, 2.. M.) after charging nodes in the M-th group, stay at VmThe last node to be charged waits for a corresponding Super Charger (SC) to charge the Super Charger;
and 5: the M mobile chargers are divided into S groups, each group being assigned a mobile SC.
ComputingWhereinFor the remaining capacity of the kth SC at time t, let | Ck|＝M*εk，CkI.e. the set of MCs assigned to the kth SC. SC (Single chip computer)iIs responsible for charging all MCs in the ith group, where i ═ 1,2, …, S;
step 6: SC (Single chip computer)iCommunicating with the corresponding MC to obtain the information of the residual electric quantity of the MC and the nodes in the block corresponding to the MC, SCiThe MC with the lower charge in the group is charged preferentially,
where i is 1,2, …, S. SC (Single chip computer)KTo intra-pair MCmIs charged by an amount of
WhereinEiThe remaining amount of power of the node i,the remaining capacity of the charging vehicle m. And after charging of each SC is finished, returning to the base station to supplement energy, and continuing charging of each MC in the next round.
A wireless sensor network comprising a base station, a sensor node, a mobile charger, a super charger, and a dispatch route, wherein:
a base station: the base station is a fixed point in a network center, and can collect data of the whole network sensor by a multi-hop routing transmission method, wherein the data comprises the collected data and the self electric quantity information; meanwhile, energy can be supplemented for the mobile charger, and a scheduling route is planned;
a sensor node: the sensor nodes are randomly deployed on some nodes on the two-dimensional space position, and have the functions of monitoring the surrounding environment, and transmitting data among the nodes through a route, so that different nodes have different energy consumption rates; the total energy of the batteries of all the sensor nodes is the same;
the mobile charger is: the device is movable, carries a large-capacity rechargeable battery and can perform energy conversion with the sensor node; the total amount of energy carried by all the mobile chargers is the same, the energy can be supplemented through the super charger and is used for charging the sensor and mechanically moving the required energy, and the mobile chargers work along a scheduling route established by the base station;
a super charger: the device is a movable and portable high-capacity rechargeable battery and is responsible for supplementing energy to the mobile charger; the battery capacities of all the super chargers are compatible, and the electric quantity can be supplemented at a base station, and the electric quantity of the super chargers is used for charging the mobile chargers and moving the super chargers;
scheduling routes: the base station plans according to the position of the sensor node to be charged at a certain moment, different mobile chargers have different routes, and all the routes finally return to the starting point to ensure that a loop is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects: the invention provides an energy supplement method for a cooperative wireless sensor network, which uses a hierarchical structure to realize cooperation among a plurality of mobile chargers and provides a more effective energy management scheme. Compared with the traditional charger, the invention uses a plurality of mobile chargers, and divides the chargers into two types, the mobile charger at the lower layer is responsible for charging the nodes, and the super charger at the upper layer is responsible for charging the mobile charger at the lower layer. Through the cooperative work of a plurality of chargers, the charging capacity is increased, the overall charging time of the network can be fully shortened, and the long-term operation of the network is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a hierarchical collaborative charging model proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an example of a dispatch line diagram re-planned for various chargers according to the method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments in the specification. The specific embodiments are described as follows: the nodes described below refer to sensor nodes.
The architecture based on the invention is a wireless sensor network deployed in a two-dimensional space, and comprises a base station, sensor nodes, a mobile charger, a super charger and a scheduling route. Each part will be specifically described below.
(1) A base station: the base station is a fixed point in a network center, and can collect data of the whole network sensor by a multi-hop routing transmission method, including the collected data and the information of the electric quantity of the base station. Meanwhile, energy can be supplemented for the mobile charger, and scheduling route planning can be carried out.
(2) A sensor node: the sensor nodes are randomly deployed on some nodes on the two-dimensional space position, the sensor nodes have the functions of monitoring the surrounding environment, and data can be transmitted among the nodes through a route, so that different nodes have different energy consumption rates. The total energy of the batteries of all the sensor nodes is the same.
(3) The mobile charger is: the device is movable, carries a large-capacity rechargeable battery and can perform energy conversion with the sensor node. The total amount of energy carried by all the mobile chargers is the same, the energy can be supplemented through the super charger, meanwhile, the energy is used for charging the sensor and mechanically moving the sensor, and the mobile chargers work along a scheduling route established by the base station.
(4) The super charger is a movable device which carries a large-capacity rechargeable battery and is responsible for supplementing energy to the mobile charger. All the super chargers have compatible battery capacities and can be recharged at the base station, the super charger capacity being used to charge the mobile charger and its own movement.
(5) Scheduling routes: the base station plans according to the position of the sensor node to be charged at a certain moment, different mobile chargers have different routes, and all the routes finally return to the starting point to ensure that a loop is formed.
The invention provides an energy supplementing method for a cooperative wireless sensor network. Compared with the traditional charger, the invention uses a plurality of mobile chargers, and divides the chargers into two types, the mobile charger at the lower layer is responsible for supplying power to the nodes, and the super charger at the upper layer is responsible for supplying power to the mobile charger at the lower layer. Through the cooperative work of a plurality of chargers, the charging capacity is increased, the overall charging time of the network can be fully shortened, and the long-term operation of the network is ensured.
Taking the cooperative charging model of fig. 1 as an example, a plurality of Mobile Chargers (MC) are responsible for charging the sensors in the wireless sensor network, and all the mobile chargers are divided into a plurality of groups, and are charged by the super charger, and the super charger is not responsible for charging the sensors.
Assuming that the amount of electricity required to be supplemented to each sensor node is 5J, the energy consumption required for moving the mobile charger on the path is 1J/m. And the maximum energy that each mobile charger can carry is 80J, the maximum energy that the super charger can carry is 200J, and the energy consumption of moving unit distance is 1J. The scheduling route shown in fig. 2 is constructed according to the method of the present invention.
As can be seen from the figure, at least 3 mobile chargers need to be used for working simultaneously, the carried energy is 3 times of that of one mobile charger, the total time is shortened due to the simultaneous working, and all the sensor nodes in the turn can be ensured to be supplemented with energy. For convenience of description, we take the scenario in fig. 2 as an example,
as shown in fig. 3, when a rechargeable wireless sensor network is put into operation, the following steps are performed:
step 1: and the sensors distributed in the wireless sensor network send information to the base station at regular time, the residual energy of the sensors is reported, and if the energy of the nodes is lower than 10%, the nodes are added into a set to be charged.
Step 2: the nodes in the set to be charged are divided into 3 blocks by using a clustering algorithm, and the number of the nodes contained in each block is approximately the same.
And step 3: for 3 blocks of nodes in the wireless sensor network, respectively calculating the shortest expected life of the nodes in the blocks, and storing the results into 3 queues.
And 4, step 4: constructing a path for the queue obtained in the step 3, obtaining 3 loops, and enabling the distance of each loop to be the shortest. And simultaneously calculating the energy required to be supplemented by each node. 3 Mobile Chargers (MC) are dispatched from the base station to charge the nodes to be charged, and the energy consumed by the 3 mobile chargers is 60J, 78J and 70J respectively. The mobile charger stays in place after charging is complete waiting for the super charger to replenish its energy.
And 5: since one super charger can supplement energy to the 3 mobile chargers in step 6, only one super charger is used to supplement energy to the 3 mobile chargers in the group.
Step 6: the super charger preferentially supplements energy for the mobile charger with less residual energy, the energy supplemented by the 3 mobile chargers is respectively 56J, 73J and 67J, the super charger returns to the base station for maintenance after the mobile charger completes the energy supplement, and the mobile charger continues to perform the next round of charging.
Claims (2)
1. A cooperative wireless sensor network energy supplementing method is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: n sensors distributed in the wireless sensor network send information to the base station at regular time, the remaining energy of the sensors is reported, and if the energy of the nodes is lower than a threshold valueThe base station adds the node label into the set V to be chargedCIn (1),is the initial charge of the sensor;
step 2: v is divided by k-means using a distance-based clustering algorithmCDivided into M blocks of which ViIs the ith block, i is 1,2, …, M, and VC＝V1∪V2∪…∪VM，Vi∩VjPhi, i, j 1,2, …, M, each block corresponding to a Mobile Charger, MC;
and step 3: mobile charger MCm(M ═ 1, 2.., M) for V within a blockmRespectively calculate their shortest life expectancyWherein,is a block VmThe shortest expected lifetime of the intermediate node i in time slot t,block VmThe remaining capacity of the intermediate node i in the time slot t,
into blocks VmThe energy consumption estimation value of the middle node i in the time slot t is epsilon (0, 1);
and 4, step 4: solving for V using a two-week around tree algorithmmTSP optimized paths R of all nodes in the networkmM is 1,2, …, M, the path of the mobile charger is VmCharging the middle node, calculating the electric quantity supplemented for each node to ensure that the shortest expected life of each node in the charged path is the same,the following conditions are satisfied:
is a block VmThe electric quantity to be supplemented by the middle node i in the time slot t; sending M mobile chargers from the base station as a set V to be chargedCSupplementing energy, and starting from the base station by M chargers at the same time to charge along each planned path respectively; MC (monomer casting)m(M1, 2.. M.) after charging nodes in the M-th group, stay at VmThe last node charged in the system waits for the corresponding Super Charger, and the SC charges the Super Charger;
and 5: dividing M mobile chargers into S groups, and allocating a movable SC to each group; computingWhereinFor the remaining capacity of the kth SC at time t, let | Ck|＝M*εk，CkI.e. the set of MC allocated to the kth SC; SC (Single chip computer)iIs responsible for charging all MCs in the ith group, where i ═ 1,2, …, S;
step 6: SC (Single chip computer)iCommunicating with the corresponding MC to obtain the information of the residual electric quantity of the MC and the nodes in the block corresponding to the MC, SCiPreferentially charging MC with a lower charge in the group, wherein i is 1,2, …, S; SC (Single chip computer)KTo intra-pair MCmIs charged by an amount ofWhereinEiResidual capacity of node i, EMCmThe residual capacity of the charging vehicle m is used; each SC completes chargingAnd returning to the base station to supplement energy after electrification, and continuously charging each MC for the next round.
2. A wireless sensor network comprising a base station, a sensor node, a mobile charger, a super charger, and a dispatch route, wherein:
a base station: the base station is a fixed point in a network center, and can collect data of the whole network sensor by a multi-hop routing transmission method, wherein the data comprises the collected data and the self electric quantity information; meanwhile, energy can be supplemented for the mobile charger, and a scheduling route is planned;
a sensor node: the sensor nodes are randomly deployed on some nodes on the two-dimensional space position, and have the functions of monitoring the surrounding environment, and transmitting data among the nodes through a route, so that different nodes have different energy consumption rates; the total energy of the batteries of all the sensor nodes is the same;
the mobile charger is: the device is movable, carries a large-capacity rechargeable battery and can perform energy conversion with the sensor node; the total amount of energy carried by all the mobile chargers is the same, the energy can be supplemented through the super charger and is used for charging the sensor and mechanically moving the required energy, and the mobile chargers work along a scheduling route established by the base station;
a super charger: the device is a movable and portable high-capacity rechargeable battery and is responsible for supplementing energy to the mobile charger; the battery capacities of all the super chargers are compatible, and the electric quantity can be supplemented at a base station, and the electric quantity of the super chargers is used for charging the mobile chargers and moving the super chargers;
scheduling routes: the base station plans according to the position of the sensor node to be charged at a certain moment, different mobile chargers have different routes, and all the routes finally return to the starting point to ensure that a loop is formed.
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| CN109450015A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-08 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of wireless sensor network charging method and device considering charge characteristic |
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| CN109583665A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 武汉烽火凯卓科技有限公司 | A kind of unmanned plane charging tasks dispatching method in wireless sensor network |
| CN110034596A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-19 | 河海大学常州校区 | More base station charging methods in WRSNs based on SOM neural network |
| CN110034596B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2022-08-19 | 河海大学常州校区 | Multi-base-station charging method based on SOM neural network in WRSNs |
| CN110048483B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-08-19 | 河海大学常州校区 | Multi-base-station cooperative charging method based on SOM neural network in high-power-consumption WRSNs |
| CN110048483A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-23 | 河海大学常州校区 | More base stations in high power consumption WRSNs based on SOM neural network cooperate with charging method |
| CN110943513A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-31 | 南京邮电大学 | Mobile charging scheduling method for rechargeable sensor network |
| CN112104027A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-18 | 镇江博联电子科技有限公司 | Autonomous wireless charging system and working method |
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| CN113179457A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-27 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Method for charging space-time part during road passing in wireless chargeable sensing network |
| CN113659670A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-16 | 南京邮电大学 | Wireless sensor network charging method based on region division |
| CN113659670B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-07-07 | 南京邮电大学 | Wireless sensor network charging method based on region division |
| CN117455418A (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-26 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | Automatic settlement method and system for industrial and commercial photovoltaic benefits |
| CN117455418B (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-03-26 | 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 | Automatic settlement method and system for industrial and commercial photovoltaic benefits |
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