CN108447974B - Inclined thermoelectric element and inclined thermoelectric assembly composed of same - Google Patents
Inclined thermoelectric element and inclined thermoelectric assembly composed of same Download PDFInfo
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- CN108447974B CN108447974B CN201810044569.6A CN201810044569A CN108447974B CN 108447974 B CN108447974 B CN 108447974B CN 201810044569 A CN201810044569 A CN 201810044569A CN 108447974 B CN108447974 B CN 108447974B
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Abstract
The invention discloses an inclined thermoelectric element and an inclined thermoelectric assembly composed of the same, which comprises a P-type thermoelectric arm, an N-type thermoelectric arm, and conducting strips and a ceramic substrate, wherein the conducting strips and the ceramic substrate are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm; the N-type thermoelectric arm and the conducting sheet are arranged at an inclination angle, and the P-type thermoelectric arm and the conducting sheet are perpendicular or arranged at an inclination angle; transition metal layers containing four simple substances of iron, titanium, copper and silver are uniformly distributed among the P-type thermoelectric arm, the N-type thermoelectric arm and the conducting strip; a series of single-inclined thermoelectric elements or double-inclined thermoelectric elements are respectively arranged between the upper and lower ceramic substrates and are orderly connected in series to form a single-inclined thermoelectric assembly and a double-inclined thermoelectric assembly respectively. Compared with the traditional vertical thermoelectric element, the vertical thermoelectric element can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the thermoelectric equipment and increase the refrigerating capacity or the generating capacity on the premise of the same material consumption, thereby promoting the application of the thermoelectric equipment in a wider range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an inclined thermoelectric element and an inclined thermoelectric assembly composed of the same, belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric conversion, and can improve the operating efficiency of a microminiature thermoelectric refrigerator or a thermoelectric generator with low power consumption in principle.
Background
The development of modern science and technology is changing day by day, the integration level and the operation load of electronic products are also greatly increased, and the development trend of microminiaturization of equipment is also sharply compressing the physical size of a chip, so that the heat flux density of the electronic equipment is also correspondingly greatly increased. The thermoelectric technology is a leading-edge engineering technology, is widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad in recent years, has an essential principle of a coupling effect of a temperature field and an electric field, is widely applied to aerospace, medical treatment, industry and daily life of people, and can be mainly divided into a thermoelectric refrigerator and a thermoelectric generator.
The thermoelectric refrigerator utilizes the Peltier effect of semiconductor materials, and when current flows through the junction of two different materials, the thermoelectric refrigerator can be cooled or heated, so that the conversion from electric energy to heat energy is realized; the thermoelectric generator utilizes the Seebeck effect of the semiconductor material, namely voltage is generated in the semiconductor material due to temperature difference, and the conversion of heat energy to electric energy is realized. At present, no matter a thermoelectric refrigerator or a thermoelectric generator, the thermoelectric refrigerator or the thermoelectric generator has the defects of low operation efficiency, small refrigerating capacity or generating capacity and incapability of meeting specific requirements, so that the thermoelectric refrigerator or the thermoelectric generator is difficult to popularize in a large range.
In view of the above problems, it is highly desirable to provide a thermoelectric device with a novel structure, which can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the thermoelectric device and increase the cooling capacity or the power generation capacity, thereby facilitating the application of the thermoelectric device in a wider range.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an inclined thermoelectric element and an inclined thermoelectric assembly composed of the same, aiming at improving the operating efficiency of a thermoelectric refrigerator or a thermoelectric generator, increasing the refrigerating capacity and the generating capacity and promoting the application of thermoelectric equipment in a wider range.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a tilted thermoelectric element is divided into a single tilted thermoelectric element and a double tilted thermoelectric element and comprises a P-type thermoelectric arm, an N-type thermoelectric arm and conducting strips arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm;
the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are prismatic, and the N-type thermoelectric arm and the conducting sheet are arranged at an inclination angle; the P-type thermoelectric arm is vertical to the conducting sheet or arranged at an inclination angle to form a single-inclined thermoelectric element or a double-inclined thermoelectric element; the vertical heights of the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are equal, and the cross-sectional areas of the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are also equal; in the double-inclined thermoelectric element, the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are symmetrically arranged left and right.
Furthermore, no matter the thermoelectric element is a single-inclined type thermoelectric element or a double-inclined type thermoelectric element, transition metal layers containing four simple substances of iron, titanium, copper and silver are uniformly distributed among the P-type thermoelectric arm, the N-type thermoelectric arm and the conducting strip, so that the tight adhesion of the semiconductor material and the conducting strip is ensured, and the disjointing of the semiconductor material and the conducting strip is effectively prevented.
Further, the transition metal layer comprises a first transition layer, a second transition layer and a third transition layer which are equal in thickness; the first transition layer takes simple substance iron as a main component and is adhered to the P-type thermoelectric arm or the N-type thermoelectric arm; the second transition layer takes simple substance titanium as a main component and covers the first transition layer; the third transition layer takes simple substance silver and copper as main components, is superposed on the second transition layer and is connected with the conducting strip.
Furthermore, the inclination angle formed by the N-type thermoelectric arm and the conducting sheet is within 45-90 degrees.
Furthermore, the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are made of semiconductor materials, and insulating materials are coated on four side faces of the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm, so that the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are insulated and do not leak electricity.
A tilted thermoelectric module composed of tilted thermoelectric elements is divided into a single tilted thermoelectric module and a double tilted thermoelectric module, which comprises ceramic substrates on the upper and lower sides, wherein a series of single tilted thermoelectric elements or double tilted thermoelectric elements are respectively arranged between the ceramic substrates on the upper and lower sides and are orderly connected in series;
the thermoelectric elements connected in series finally have two terminal thermoelectric arms, namely a P-type thermoelectric arm and an N-type thermoelectric arm, which are connected with the outside through copper wires on the conducting strips.
Furthermore, the two thermoelectric assemblies can be used as thermoelectric refrigerators or thermoelectric generators, so that the operation efficiency of the equipment is improved, and the output power of the equipment is increased.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the inclined thermoelectric element and the inclined thermoelectric assembly composed of the same have the following advantages: 1. the vertical heights and the cross-sectional areas of the P-type thermoelectric arm and the N-type thermoelectric arm are equal, so that compared with a conventional vertical thermoelectric element, the required semiconductor material component is not changed, and the cost is not increased; 2. compared with the traditional vertical thermoelectric element, the operation efficiency of the thermoelectric equipment is effectively improved, and the refrigerating capacity or the generating capacity is increased, so that the application of the thermoelectric equipment in a wider range is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a single-inclined thermoelectric element according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a double-inclined thermoelectric element according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an N-type thermoelectric leg and a transition metal layer in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a single-sloped thermoelectric module according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dual-inclined thermoelectric module according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the cold side temperature of vertical, single-sloped, and double-sloped thermoelectric elements with the current at a hot side temperature of 40 ℃;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the cooling capacity of a vertical thermoelectric element, a single-inclined thermoelectric element and a double-inclined thermoelectric element as a function of current when the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides is 20 ℃;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the COP of the vertical thermoelectric element, the single-inclined thermoelectric element and the double-inclined thermoelectric element as a function of the current when the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides is 20 ℃;
the figure includes: 1. the thermoelectric module comprises a single-inclined thermoelectric element, 2, a double-inclined thermoelectric element, 3, a single-inclined thermoelectric module, 4, a double-inclined thermoelectric module, 5, a P-type thermoelectric arm, 6, an N-type thermoelectric arm, 7, a transition metal layer, 71, a first transition layer, 72, a second transition layer, 73, a third transition layer, 8, a conducting sheet, 9, a copper wire, 10 and a ceramic substrate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the P-type thermoelectric arm 5 of the single-inclined thermoelectric element 1 is a vertical prism, and the N-type thermoelectric arm 6 is an inclined prism; while the thermoelectric arms in the double-inclined thermoelectric element 2 are each shaped as an inclined prism, as shown in fig. 2. Aluminum oxide materials are coated on four side surfaces of the thermoelectric arm, so that insulation and no leakage are guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the thermoelectric legs are connected to a transition metal layer 7. The transition metal layers 7 are three layers in total and equal in thickness to each other. The first transition layer 71 takes elemental iron as a main component and is adhered to the thermoelectric arm; the second transition layer 72 has a main component of elemental titanium, and covers the first transition layer 71; the third transition layer 73 includes elemental silver and copper, and is stacked on the second transition layer 72 and connected to the conductive sheet 8.
As shown in fig. 4, is a thermoelectric module constructed by a single-inclined thermoelectric element. The upper side and the lower side of the assembly are both covered with ceramic substrates 10, which can conduct heat, prevent electric leakage and realize insulation effect. A series of single-inclined thermoelectric elements 1 are arranged between the substrate layers and are sequentially connected in series with each other. The P-type thermoelectric arm 5 is perpendicular to the conducting strip 8, the N-type thermoelectric arm 6 and the conducting strip 8 form a 60-degree inclination angle, although the lengths of the two parts are different, the vertical height is equal, the cross section area is equal, and therefore the material consumption is the same. A transition metal layer 7 is added between the thermoelectric arm and the conducting strip 8, and mainly comprises four simple substances of iron, titanium, copper and silver, so that the conducting strip 8 and the semiconductor material can be prevented from being disjointed. The thermoelectric elements connected in series finally have two remaining terminal thermoelectric arms, one P-type and the other N-type, all connected to the outside by means of copper wires 9.
As shown in fig. 5, the thermoelectric module is constructed by dual-inclined thermoelectric elements, the upper and lower sides of the module are also covered with ceramic substrates 10, a series of dual-inclined thermoelectric elements 2 are arranged between the substrate layers, and are sequentially connected in series, and the P-type thermoelectric arm 5 and the N-type thermoelectric arm 6 are both inclined at an angle of 60 ° with respect to the conducting strip 8 and are axisymmetric with respect to the center line. A transition metal layer 7 containing four simple substances of iron, titanium, copper and silver is added between the semiconductor material and the conducting strip 8. Both terminals of the thermoelectric module are connected to the outside through copper wires 9. Both thermoelectric modules can be used as thermoelectric coolers or thermoelectric generators.
In both thermoelectric modules, Bi is selected as the semiconductor material0.5Sb1.5Te3-xSexThe quaternary lattice structure alloy, wherein x is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.8. The thermoelectric arms are prismatic in shape and include vertical prisms and tilted prisms.
Taking the double-inclined thermoelectric module 4 as an example, when current is supplied from the copper wires 9 at the two terminals of the module, electric energy is converted into heat energy, the refrigeration and heating effects are respectively generated at the upper side and the lower side of the thermoelectric module, and the purpose of low-temperature refrigeration can be achieved by fully utilizing the cooling effect at the upper side. Correspondingly, when a heat load and a cold load are applied to the upper and lower sides of the thermoelectric module, respectively, a voltage is generated in the module circuit, and the module circuit can be used as a generator.
Compared with the traditional vertical thermoelectric element, the inclined thermoelectric element including a single inclined type and a double inclined type is more suitable for micro-miniature and low-power-consumption thermoelectric equipment. Fig. 6 is the cold junction temperature along with the change condition of electric current when the hot junction temperature is 40 ℃, and along with the increase of electric current, cold junction temperature reduces, and the double-inclined type can realize the lowest cold junction temperature, and the single-inclined type is secondly, and perpendicular type cold junction temperature is the highest, so double-inclined type refrigeration performance is best. Fig. 7 shows the change of the cooling capacity with the current when the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end is 20 ℃, and when the current I is less than 7A, the cooling capacity is a double-inclined type, a single-inclined type and a vertical type in sequence from large to small. FIG. 8 shows the variation of the cooling coefficient with current when the temperature difference between the cold and hot ends is 20 deg.C, and the cooling coefficient is a double-inclined type, a single-inclined type, or a vertical type in order from high to low when the current I < 3A. Therefore, combining the above analysis, the inclined thermoelectric element, especially the double-inclined thermoelectric element, is more suitable for small-sized and low-power thermoelectric devices.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A tilted thermoelectric element is characterized by being divided into a single tilted thermoelectric element (1) and a double tilted thermoelectric element (2), and comprises a P-type thermoelectric arm (5), an N-type thermoelectric arm (6) and conducting strips (8) arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the P-type thermoelectric arm (5) and the N-type thermoelectric arm (6);
the P-type thermoelectric arm (5) and the N-type thermoelectric arm (6) are prismatic, and the N-type thermoelectric arm (6) and the conducting strip (8) are arranged at an inclination angle; the P-type thermoelectric arm (5) is perpendicular to the conducting strip (8) or arranged at an inclination angle, so that a single-inclined thermoelectric element (1) or a double-inclined thermoelectric element (2) is formed; the vertical heights of the P-type thermoelectric arm (5) and the N-type thermoelectric arm (6) are equal, and the cross sectional areas are also equal; in the double-inclined thermoelectric element (2), a P-type thermoelectric arm (5) and an N-type thermoelectric arm (6) are arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode;
transition metal layers (7) containing four simple substances of iron, titanium, copper and silver are uniformly distributed among the P-type thermoelectric arm (5), the N-type thermoelectric arm (6) and the conducting strip (8);
the transition metal layer (7) comprises a first transition layer (71), a second transition layer (72) and a third transition layer (73) which are equal in thickness; the first transition layer (71) contains elementary iron and is adhered to the P-type thermoelectric arm (5) or the N-type thermoelectric arm (6); the second transition layer (72) comprises elemental titanium and covers the first transition layer (71); the third transition layer (73) comprises simple substance silver and copper, is superposed on the second transition layer (72) and is connected with the conducting strip (8);
the inclination angle formed by the N-type thermoelectric arm (6) and the conducting strip (8) is within 45-90 degrees.
2. An inclined thermoelectric element as claimed in claim 1, wherein said P-type thermoelectric legs (5) and N-type thermoelectric legs (6) are made of semiconductor material and coated with insulating material on four sides.
3. A tilted thermoelectric module comprising the tilted thermoelectric elements as set forth in claim 1, characterized by being divided into a single-tilted thermoelectric module (3) and a double-tilted thermoelectric module (4) comprising ceramic substrates (10) on both upper and lower sides, and a series of single-tilted thermoelectric elements (1) or double-tilted thermoelectric elements (2) arranged between the ceramic substrates (10) on both upper and lower sides, respectively, being connected in series with each other in order;
the thermoelectric elements connected in series finally have two terminal thermoelectric arms, namely a P-type thermoelectric arm (5) and an N-type thermoelectric arm (6), which are connected to the outside via copper wires (9) on the conducting strips (8).
4. A tilted thermoelectric module as defined in claim 3, wherein said tilted thermoelectric module is configured as a thermoelectric cooler or a thermoelectric generator.
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| CN102318097A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2012-01-11 | 排放技术有限公司 | Thermoelectric device |
| WO2015109227A1 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | Phononic Devices, Inc. | Low resistivity ohmic contact |
| CN102714268B (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2015-07-29 | Avl里斯脱有限公司 | There is the electrothermal module of the post of p and the n doping arranged in pairs |
| CN105591019A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-18 | 昭和电工株式会社 | Thermoelectric element and thermoelectric module |
| CN105637662A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-06-01 | Kelk株式会社 | Thermoelectric power generation module |
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Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000068565A (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-03-03 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | Peltier element |
| CN102282692A (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2011-12-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | Method for manufacturing thermoelectric conversion module, and thermoelectric conversion module |
| CN102318097A (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2012-01-11 | 排放技术有限公司 | Thermoelectric device |
| CN102714268B (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2015-07-29 | Avl里斯脱有限公司 | There is the electrothermal module of the post of p and the n doping arranged in pairs |
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