CN108447688A - A kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner - Google Patents
A kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN108447688A CN108447688A CN201810137940.3A CN201810137940A CN108447688A CN 108447688 A CN108447688 A CN 108447688A CN 201810137940 A CN201810137940 A CN 201810137940A CN 108447688 A CN108447688 A CN 108447688A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 107
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940074439 potassium sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 nanometer rods Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
- F24F2005/0067—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy with photovoltaic panels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioners, including solar units, central air conditioner unit and carrier unit；Wherein, central air conditioner unit includes the heating unit and power supply unit being connected with each other；The solar units are connected by the heating unit of carrier unit and central air conditioner unit；Said supply unit is in parallel with solar units；The solar units are in open-topped bowl structure, and several solar panels being connected in series with are evenly arranged on inner wall；The solar panels are dye-sensitized solar cells, including light anode, the light anode include FTO substrates, and the first film is equipped in FTO substrate surfaces, and the second film is equipped on the first film surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of refrigeration equipment more particularly to a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioners.
Background technology
At this stage, the air-conditioning system of central air-conditioning, that is, large scale equipment is more and more, corresponding energy consumption with it is more and more.At present
Central air-conditioning is outdoor equipment, and single dependence city's Electricity Functional, the energy consumption of such mode are also higher.
Solar energy has application to many fields as new clean energy resource, but the technical field of central air-conditioning not yet
There are too many application and research.
Invention content
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner, set forth above to solve the problems, such as.
A kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner, including solar units, central hollow are provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Adjust unit and carrier unit；Wherein, central air conditioner unit includes the heating unit and power supply unit being connected with each other；The solar energy
Unit is connected by the heating unit of carrier unit and central air conditioner unit；Said supply unit is in parallel with solar units；Institute
It is in open-topped bowl structure to state solar units, and several solar panels being connected in series with are evenly arranged on inner wall；
The solar panels are dye-sensitized solar cells, including light anode, the light anode include FTO substrates, in FTO substrate tables
Face is equipped with the first film, and the second film is equipped on the first film surface.
Preferably, the first film is by scratching TiO2Composite mortar is formed by, and composite mortar includes hollow
Nickel/TiO2Composite powder, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder shows as double-layer hollow structure, including nickel layer, TiO2Layer outside, be
Using Hollow Nickel as matrix, TiO is coated on nickel layer surface with chemical plating method2What layer was constituted.
Preferably, second film is the TiO prepared in the first film surface hydro-thermal method2Nanometer rods, the TiO2
Nanometer rods large area is uniformly grown in the first film surface, TiO2The bottom of nanometer rods extends into the first film, is formed
Three-dimensional similar netted structure.
The technical solution that the embodiment of the present invention provides can include the following benefits：
A kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner of the present invention, efficiently uses solar energy resources, clean and effective is beneficial to ring
Border is protected, meanwhile, the solar energy equipment simplicity that the present invention designs is easy to install, and can side by side be connect with original electrical energy system,
Facilitate switching, is independent of each other.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.It should be understood that above general description and following detailed description are only
It is exemplary and explanatory, the present invention can not be limited.
Description of the drawings
Using attached drawing, the invention will be further described, but the embodiment in attached drawing does not constitute any limit to the present invention
System, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to the following drawings
Other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of bowl-shape solar units described in embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is light anode structural schematic diagram described in embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Example embodiments are described in detail here, and the example is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.Following description is related to
When attached drawing, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings indicate the same or similar elements.Following exemplary embodiment
Described in embodiment do not represent and the consistent all embodiments of the present invention.On the contrary, they be only with it is such as appended
The example of the consistent device and method of some aspects being described in detail in claims, of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner, as shown in Figure 1, including solar units,
Central air conditioner unit and carrier unit；Wherein, central air conditioner unit includes the heating unit and power supply unit being connected with each other；The sun
Energy unit passes through the heating unit of carrier unit and central air conditioner unit and connects；Power supply unit is in parallel with solar units；The sun
Energy unit is in open-topped bowl structure, and several solar panels being connected in series with are evenly arranged on inner wall.Work as cold day
When needing heat-production functions such as winter, heating unit switching is connected to solar units, is directly absorbed into using solar units
Thermal energy carry out heat supply.Solar units are used as the supplement of electric energy.
Carrier unit is in umbrella frame structure, and end is evenly dispersed to be fixed respectively, and top condenses together the company of being bolted
Connect an open-topped bowl-shape pallet, using tray bottom center as origin on fixed tray inner wall, circumferentially shape is pacified from bottom to up
Fill solar panel.Since space is limited, existing solar panel generally uses planar alignment mode, such mode wave
Take space, arrangement amount is limited.The present invention uses the bowl structure of stereo structure, in the case of the same area of plane, more as possible
It arranges more solar panels, it is more more effectively to absorb thermal energy.
It is fixedly installed rotating mechanism between solar units and carrier unit, drives solar units rotation.Periodically
Ground rotates solar units so that each solar panel fully can be utilized efficiently, take automation control system, be enabled
It is rotated, and is worked alternatively.
In the present solution, the solar units are a kind of dye-sensitized solar cells.Dye-sensitized solar cells
It is a kind of efficient solar energy conversion device, production cost is low, and manufacture craft is simple, and nuclear structure is to be adsorbed with dyestuff
TiO2The light anode that nano particle is constituted.In order to improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency, in terms of pattern, TiO2Nano wire, nanometer rods,
Nanotube etc. is used as the conductor oxidate of light anode, and in terms of material, the nano materials such as zinc oxide are also used to make
For light anode material.
Usually, the typical structure of dye-sensitized solar cells is a sandwich structure, by light anode and
Electrolyte composition is clipped to electrode, light anode is coated with TiO usually by FTO glass as substrate2Nanometer particle film, then
Adsorption has dyestuff, is the core component of battery, and there are redox couples in electrolyte.Dye sensitizing agent in DSSCs
Effect is to significantly increase the response of titanium dioxide spectrum by light absorption to expand to far infrared region, a kind of ideal from visible light region
Dye sensitizing agent need compound following condition：1) there is strong light absorption in visible light region；2) it can adsorb securely
On conductor oxidate surface；3) dyestuff injects electrons into conductor oxidate conduction band after effectively absorbing photon；Also, it contaminates
Material should be able to rapid regeneration to avoid electronics recombination process again generation.Currently, the fields DSSCs are gold using most sensitizers
Metal complex and pure organic dye two major classes, common metal complex sensitizer have N3, N719, N749 etc..Dye sensitization is too
It is to generate excitation after absorbing sunlight by dyestuff that positive energy battery, which converts light energy into electric energy, and electronics is injected into semiconductor conduction band
It realizes, the electronics for injecting semi-conducting electrode diffuses to external circuit by conductive substrates, meanwhile, the reducing agent reduction in electrolyte
The dye molecule of oxidation state makes its regeneration, the oxidation product of electrolyte reach to electrode surface and be reduced by spreading, complete
One circuit.Currently, common electrolyte is liquid electrolyte, by as titanium dioxide photoelectrode and the central electron between electrode
I/I3-Redox ion is to compositions such as organic solvents and 4- tert .-butylpyridines such as, acetonitriles.As for electrode, due to your gold
Belong to Pt to reducing I3-The reduction overpotential of ion has excellent catalytic action, therefore Pt is always as the preferred material to electrode.
Must be the semiconductor oxide that superstability and wider band gap are kept to photoetch to the material of selection in photochemical reaction process
Object material, in the prior art, since titanium dioxide has preferable physical and chemical stability, strong acid-base resistance corrosion, and nanometer
The titanium dioxide of size all shows excellent performance in charge transmission, Dye Adsorption etc., and therefore, current dye sensitization is too
The photo-anode film generally use TiO of positive energy battery2Nanometer particle film.Different methods such as silk can be used in titanium deoxid film
The methods of wire mark brush, blade coating and rotary coating are deposited on FTO glass, and deposition process can be repeated several times ideal thin to obtain
Film can obtain the light anode of best performance by adjusting oxide layer thicknesses.
Currently, various trials are made that in the application of light anode based on titanium dioxide nano material, to improve the light of battery
Electrical property.
In the dye-sensitized solar cells of this programme, in order to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency, in conjunction with Fig. 2, the light anode packet
FTO substrates 21 are included, the first film 22 is equipped on 21 surface of FTO substrates, the second film 23 is equipped on 22 surface of the first film.
Preferably, which is by scratching TiO2Composite mortar is formed by, composite mortar include Hollow Nickel/
TiO2Composite powder, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder shows as double-layer hollow structure, including nickel layer, TiO2Layer is with sky outside
Heart nickel is matrix, and TiO is coated on nickel layer surface with chemical plating method2What layer was constituted.As described above, titanium dioxide is a kind of room temperature
Lower energy gap is the direct band-gap semicondictor transition metal oxide of 3.2eV, with many practical applications.In traditional field
As pigment, toothpaste, coating and in recent years fast-developing photoelectrochemical cell, dye-sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, antibacterial,
Gas sensor, feds, microwave absorbing material etc. are all widely used.In the prior art, TiO2Film is DSSCs
The primary consideration of photo-anode film, TiO2With preferable physical and chemical stability, strong acid-base resistance corrosion, and nanometer ruler
Very little TiO2Excellent performance is all shown in charge transmission separation, Dye Adsorption etc..The TiO being prepared by various methods2
Film is attempted to be applied to optoelectronic pole, such as control nanotopography, ion doping, semiconductors coupling, noble metal decorated etc..Currently,
The technical solution that hollow-core construction is applied to light anode is few, in technical solution of the present invention, is prepared for Hollow Nickel first, then leads to
It crosses chemical plating method and is equipped with one layer of TiO in hollow nickel surface2Layer forms composite hollow structure.On the one hand, the composite hollow structure
There is good dispersion effect for sunlight, on the other hand, which has larger specific surface area, for dye
The adsorption capacity of material greatly improves, and increases utilization of the dyestuff to light, to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency, plays expectation not
The advantageous effect arrived.
Preferably, which is the TiO prepared in the first film surface hydro-thermal method2Nanometer rods, the TiO2Nanometer rods
Large area is uniformly grown in the first film surface, TiO2The bottom of nanometer rods extends into the first film, forms three-dimensional
Similar netted structure.In technical solution of the present invention, TiO is equipped on the surface being in direct contact with electrolyte2Nanometer bar construction
Second film.Nano particle is compared, using TiO2Nanorod structure is conducive to provide smoothly channel for electronics transfer；In addition,
The TiO2Nanometer rods and Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder collective effect plays unexpected technique effect so that material has
There is preferable light scattering property, while providing three-dimensional similar reticular structure, reduces the recombination probability of electronics, to improve
Photoelectric conversion efficiency.
A kind of preferred embodiment is that the first film thickness is 10 μm, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2In composite powder, this is hollow
Nickel particle diameter is 1 μm, which is 0.1 μm, the TiO2Layer thickness is 50nm.
A kind of preferred embodiment is, in the second film, the TiO2Nanorod diameter is 200nm, and length is 3~5 μm.
Under above-mentioned thickness and size, which produces unexpected technique effect, can effectively reduce light
The recombination probability of raw carrier generates actively impact for the raising of photoelectric conversion efficiency and short-circuit current density.
Specifically, light anode preparation process according to the present invention is：
Step 1, carbonyl iron dust used are α-Fe purity 99.5%, and grain size is 1 μm；First in acetone by carbonyl iron dust
Ultrasonic 30min, then puts it into the dilute hydrochloric acid solution of 1mol/L, impregnates 15s, after ethyl alcohol and deionized water cleaning, does
It is dry；
Nickel sulfate solution and potassium sodium tartrate solution are mixed first, stir 2h, thiourea solution is added and continues to stir 1h, allows
Thiocarbamide fully dissolves, and hydrazine hydrate solution is added, is sufficiently stirred to obtain turbid solution, the hydroxide of 1mol/L is slowly added dropwise while stirring
It is 11.5 that sodium solution, which adjusts pH value, obtains plating solution；Then, the plating solution prepared is placed in 95 DEG C of water-baths, it will be above-mentioned after 10min
Dry carbonyl iron dust pours into plating solution, and 95 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control are at the uniform velocity stirred, reaction, until being escaped completely without bubble；By institute
Carbonyl iron/nickel the composite powder obtained is put into the dilute hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, powder and dilute hydrochloric acid vigorous reaction, and is escaped with bulk gas
Go out, when powder floats to solution surface by container bottom, powder is detached with magnet, through going example water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly to wash
It washs, hollow nickel by powder is obtained after drying；The ethanol solution for configuring the butyl titanate of 2.8% volume content is stirred continuously uniformly, so
After take hollow nickel by powder, be put into the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, then Immersion time 5s quickly takes out Hollow Nickel, repeat
It is put into, takes out 10 times, then anneal hollow nickel by powder at 350 DEG C 2h, obtains Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder；
It is step 2, first that FTO glass cleanings is clean, then configure the TiCl of 0.04M4Aqueous solution, by what is cleaned up
FTO glass is put into TiCl4In aqueous solution, 1h is kept at 80 DEG C, is taken out, is rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, then by FTO glass
It is put into Muffle furnace, anneal 1h at 400 DEG C；Then 0.15 g ethyl celluloses are taken, is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, is configured to
The viscous solution of 10wt.%；Viscous solution is added to the above-mentioned Hollow Nickel/TiO of 0.36g2In composite powder, slurry is obtained, then
Slurry is ground into 20min in mortar, stirring and each 30min of ultrasound, slurry is used in magnetic agitation and ultrasonic cleaner
Sol evenning machine is spin-coated on the FTO glass cleaned, is repeated spin coating several times, is reached the thickness requirement of the first film；Slurry is got well into spin coating
The FTO glass of material calcines 5min, 280 DEG C of calcining 5min, 340 DEG C of calcining 50min, 400 in 120 DEG C of dry 5h, then at 250 DEG C
DEG C calcining 15min, 500 DEG C calcining 20min, obtain the first film on the surfaces FTO；
Step 3, first, takes 500ml deionized waters, and the hydrochloric acid of the 30wt.% of 400ml is added thereto, and magnetic agitation obtains
To clear solution, the butyl titanate of 32ml is taken to be added dropwise in clear solution, stirs 30 min, obtain mixed solution；Then,
FTO glass equipped with the first film is conductive face-down, it is put into autoclave, above-mentioned mixed solution is poured into autoclave, it is close
Envelope, autoclave is put into 160 DEG C of baking ovens and reacts 6h, and after the completion of reaction, autoclave Temperature fall takes out FTO glass, with clear
Water is rinsed well, and FTO glass is dried at 70 DEG C, then FTO glass is put into the TiCl of 0.04M4In aqueous solution, 80
1h is kept at DEG C, is taken out, is rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, FTO glass is put into Muffle furnace, and anneal 1h at 400 DEG C, obtains the
Two films；
Step 4, FTO glass is immersed in the acetonitrile and tert-butyl alcohol mixed solution of 0.05mM dyestuffs N-719, acetonitrile and uncle
Butanol volume ratio is 1:1, it stops for 24 hours, is dried after taking-up, obtain the light anode.
The electrolyte layer is the electrolyte dissolved with oxidation-reduction system, and the wherein oxidation-reduction system causes at least one
The reversible redox state variation of kind, for example, redox couple can be I-/I3 -、Br-/Br2Equal halogens, copper (I) ion/
Copper (II) ion etc..Described is Pt to electrode to electrode.
Embodiment is enumerated further below so that the present invention will be described in detail.It will similarly be understood that following embodiment is served only for this
Invention is further described, and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, those skilled in the art is according to this hair
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that bright the above is made all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.Following examples are specific
Technological parameter etc. is also only an example in OK range, i.e. those skilled in the art can be done properly by the explanation of this paper
In the range of select, and do not really want to be defined in hereafter exemplary concrete numerical value.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, which includes FTO substrates, the first film is equipped in FTO substrate surfaces, in the first film table
Face is equipped with the second film.
The first film is by scratching TiO2Composite mortar is formed by, and composite mortar includes Hollow Nickel/TiO2It is multiple
Close powder, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder shows as double-layer hollow structure, including nickel layer, TiO2Layer is to be with Hollow Nickel outside
Matrix coats TiO with chemical plating method on nickel layer surface2What layer was constituted.
Second film is the TiO prepared in the first film surface hydro-thermal method2Nanometer rods, the TiO2Nanometer rods large area,
Uniformly it is grown in the first film surface, TiO2The bottom of nanometer rods extends into the first film, forms three-dimensional similar net
The structure of shape,
Specifically, the first film thickness is 10 μm, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2In composite powder, which is 1 μm,
The nickel layer thickness is 0.1 μm, the TiO2Layer thickness is 50nm.
Specifically, in the second film, the TiO2Nanorod diameter is 200nm, and length is 3~5 μm.
Light anode preparation process is as follows：
S1, Hollow Nickel/TiO is prepared2Composite powder
A) carbonyl iron dust used in is α-Fe purity 99.5%, and grain size is 1 μm；It is first that carbonyl iron dust is ultrasonic in acetone
Then 30min is put it into the dilute hydrochloric acid solution of 1mol/L, impregnate 15s, dry after ethyl alcohol and deionized water cleaning；
B) nickel sulfate solution and potassium sodium tartrate solution are mixed first, stir 2h, thiourea solution is added and continues to stir 1h,
It allows thiocarbamide fully to dissolve, hydrazine hydrate solution is added, is sufficiently stirred to obtain turbid solution, the hydrogen-oxygen of 1mol/L is slowly added dropwise while stirring
It is 11.5 to change sodium solution to adjust pH value, obtains plating solution；
It the following is plating solution chemical content component list：
Then, the plating solution prepared is placed in 95 DEG C of water-baths, the carbonyl iron dust after 10min by above-mentioned drying pours into plating solution
In, 95 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control are at the uniform velocity stirred, reaction, until being escaped completely without bubble；
C) carbonyl iron of gained/nickel composite powder is put into the dilute hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, powder and dilute hydrochloric acid vigorous reaction, and
It escapes with bulk gas, when powder floats to solution surface by container bottom, powder is detached with magnet, through removing example water
It is repeatedly washed with ethyl alcohol, hollow nickel by powder is obtained after drying；
D) ethanol solution of the butyl titanate of 2.8% volume content of configuration, is stirred continuously uniformly, then takes hollow nickel powder
End is put into the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, then Immersion time 5s quickly takes out Hollow Nickel, and repetition is put into, takes out 10
Secondary, then anneal hollow nickel by powder at 350 DEG C 2h, obtains Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder；
S2, the first film is prepared
It is first that FTO glass cleanings is clean, then configure the TiCl of 0.04M4Aqueous solution, the FTO glass that will be cleaned up
It is put into TiCl4In aqueous solution, 1h is kept at 80 DEG C, is taken out, is rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, FTO glass is then put into horse
Not in stove, anneal 1h at 400 DEG C；
Then 0.15g ethyl celluloses are taken, are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, the viscous solution of 10wt.% is configured to；It will
Viscous solution is added to the above-mentioned Hollow Nickel/TiO of 0.36g2In composite powder, slurry is obtained, then grinds slurry in mortar
20min, stirring and each 30min of ultrasound, slurry is spin-coated on sol evenning machine and was cleaned in magnetic agitation and ultrasonic cleaner
FTO glass on, repeat spin coating several times, reach the thickness requirement of the first film；By the FTO glass of the good slurry of spin coating at 120 DEG C
Dry 5h, then calcined at 250 DEG C 5min, 280 DEG C of calcining 5min, 340 DEG C of calcining 50min, 400 DEG C of calcining 15min, 500 DEG C
20min is calcined, the first film is obtained on the surfaces FTO；
S3, the second film is prepared
First, 500ml deionized waters are taken, the hydrochloric acid of the 30wt.% of 400ml are added thereto, magnetic agitation obtains transparent
Solution takes the butyl titanate of 32ml to be added dropwise in clear solution, stirs 30min, obtains mixed solution；
Then, the FTO glass equipped with the first film is conductive down, it is put into autoclave, above-mentioned mixed solution is fallen
Enter in autoclave, seal, autoclave is put into 160 DEG C of baking ovens and reacts 6h, after the completion of reaction, autoclave Temperature fall takes out
FTO glass, is rinsed well with clear water, and FTO glass is dried at 70 DEG C, then FTO glass is put into the TiCl of 0.04M4Water
In solution, 1h is kept at 80 DEG C, is taken out, is rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, FTO glass is put into Muffle furnace, moved back at 400 DEG C
Fiery 1h obtains the second film；
S4 prepares light anode
FTO glass is immersed in the acetonitrile and tert-butyl alcohol mixed solution of 0.05mM dyestuffs N-719, acetonitrile and tert-butyl alcohol body
Product is than being 1:1, it stops for 24 hours, is dried after taking-up, obtain the light anode.
Embodiment 2
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that, the first film thickness is 20 μm, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2In composite powder,
The Hollow Nickel grain size is 1 μm, which is 0.1 μm, the TiO2Layer thickness is 100 nm.
Embodiment 3
With reference to embodiment 1, the difference is that the first film surface is not provided with the second film.
The photoelectric properties of dye-sensitized solar cells mainly by short-circuit current density-open-circuit voltage of measurement battery Lai
Performance, test carry out under the irradiation of mock standard sunlight, under the standard sources of AM1.5, too to gained dye sensitization
Positive energy battery performance is tested, and the results are shown in Table 1, and recording parameters have open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, transfer efficiency, therefrom
It is found that comparing embodiment 2,3, the dye-sensitized solar cells that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains is imitated with higher opto-electronic conversion
Rate.
The performance characterization result of the solar cell of 1 embodiment 1-3 of table
Solar units using the dye-sensitized solar cells as the present invention, photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, implements effect
Fruit is good.
The foregoing is merely the preferred modes of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all spirit and original in the present invention
Within then, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner, which is characterized in that including solar units, central air conditioner unit and holder list
Member；Wherein, central air conditioner unit includes the heating unit and power supply unit being connected with each other；The solar units pass through holder list
Member is connect with the heating unit of central air conditioner unit；Said supply unit is in parallel with solar units；The solar units are in
Open-topped bowl structure is evenly arranged with several solar panels being connected in series on inner wall；The solar panels are
Dye-sensitized solar cells, including light anode, the light anode include FTO substrates, and it is thin to be equipped with first in FTO substrate surfaces
Film is equipped with the second film on the first film surface.
2. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first film is logical
Cross blade coating TiO2Composite mortar is formed by, and composite mortar includes Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder, the Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder
Show as double-layer hollow structure, including nickel layer, TiO2Layer is using Hollow Nickel as matrix, with chemical plating method in nickel layer outside
Surface coats TiO2What layer was constituted.
3. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 2, which is characterized in that second film be
TiO prepared by the first film surface hydro-thermal method2Nanometer rods, the TiO2Nanometer rods large area, uniform to be grown in first thin
Film surface, TiO2The bottom of nanometer rods extends into the first film, forms three-dimensional similar netted structure.
4. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the first film thickness
It is 10 μm.
5. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the Hollow Nickel/TiO2It is multiple
It closes in powder, the Hollow Nickel grain size is 1 μm, and nickel layer thickness is 0.1 μm, the TiO2Layer thickness is 50nm.
6. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described in the second film
TiO2Nanorod diameter is 200nm, and length is 3~5 μm.
7. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 3, which is characterized in that prepared by the light anode
Journey is as follows：
Step 1, carbonyl iron dust used are α-Fe purity 99.5%, and grain size is 1 μm；It is first that carbonyl iron dust is ultrasonic in acetone
Then 30min is put it into the dilute hydrochloric acid solution of 1mol/L, impregnate 15s, dry after ethyl alcohol and deionized water cleaning；
Nickel sulfate solution and potassium sodium tartrate solution are mixed first, stir 2h, thiourea solution is added and continues to stir 1h, allows thiocarbamide
Fully dissolving is added hydrazine hydrate solution, is sufficiently stirred to obtain turbid solution, the sodium hydroxide that 1mol/L is slowly added dropwise while stirring is molten
It is 11.5 that liquid, which adjusts pH value, obtains plating solution；Then, the plating solution prepared is placed in 95 DEG C of water-baths, by above-mentioned drying after 10min
Carbonyl iron dust pour into plating solution, 95 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control are at the uniform velocity stirred, reaction, until completely without bubble escape；By gained
Carbonyl iron/nickel composite powder is put into the dilute hydrochloric acid of 1mol/L, powder and dilute hydrochloric acid vigorous reaction, and is escaped with bulk gas,
When powder floats to solution surface by container bottom, powder is detached with magnet, through going example water and ethyl alcohol repeatedly to wash, is dried
Hollow nickel by powder is obtained after dry；The ethanol solution for configuring the butyl titanate of 2.8% volume content is stirred continuously uniformly, then takes
Hollow nickel by powder is put into the ethanol solution of butyl titanate, then Immersion time 5s quickly takes out Hollow Nickel, be repeatedly put into,
It takes out 10 times, then anneal hollow nickel by powder at 350 DEG C 2h, obtains Hollow Nickel/TiO2Composite powder；
It is step 2, first that FTO glass cleanings is clean, then configure the TiCl of 0.04M4Aqueous solution, the FTO glass that will be cleaned up
It is put into TiCl4In aqueous solution, 1h is kept at 80 DEG C, is taken out, is rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, FTO glass is then put into horse
Not in stove, anneal 1h at 400 DEG C；Then 0.15g ethyl celluloses are taken, are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, 10wt.% is configured to
Viscous solution；Viscous solution is added to the above-mentioned Hollow Nickel/TiO of 0.36g2In composite powder, slurry is obtained, then slurry exists
20min is ground in mortar, stirring and each 30min of ultrasound, slurry is revolved with sol evenning machine in magnetic agitation and ultrasonic cleaner
It is coated on the FTO glass cleaned, repeats spin coating several times, reach the thickness requirement of the first film；By the FTO glass of the good slurry of spin coating
Glass calcines 5min, 280 DEG C of calcining 5min, 340 DEG C of calcining 50min, 400 DEG C of calcinings in 120 DEG C of dry 5h, then at 250 DEG C
15min, 500 DEG C of calcining 20min, the first film is obtained on the surfaces FTO；
Step 3, first, takes 500ml deionized waters, and the hydrochloric acid of the 30wt.% of 400ml is added thereto, and magnetic agitation obtains
Bright solution takes the butyl titanate of 32ml to be added dropwise in clear solution, stirs 30min, obtains mixed solution；Then, it will set
There is the FTO glass of the first film is conductive to be put into autoclave down, above-mentioned mixed solution is poured into autoclave, seals, it will
Autoclave, which is put into 160 DEG C of baking ovens, reacts 6h, and after the completion of reaction, autoclave Temperature fall takes out FTO glass, rinsed with clear water
Totally, FTO glass is dried at 70 DEG C, then FTO glass is put into the TiCl of 0.04M4In aqueous solution, kept at 80 DEG C
1h takes out, is rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, FTO glass is put into Muffle furnace, and anneal 1h at 400 DEG C, obtains the second film；
Step 4, FTO glass is immersed in the acetonitrile and tert-butyl alcohol mixed solution of 0.05mM dyestuffs N-719, acetonitrile and the tert-butyl alcohol
Volume ratio is 1:1, it stops for 24 hours, is dried after taking-up, obtain the light anode.
8. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the carrier unit is in umbrella
Frame structure, end is evenly dispersed to be fixed respectively, and top, which condenses together, is bolted to connection an open-topped bowl-shape support
Disk, using tray bottom center as origin on the bowl-shape pallet inner wall, circumferentially shape installs the solar cell from bottom to up
Plate.
9. a kind of solar energy energy-saving central air conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the solar units with
It is fixedly installed rotating mechanism between carrier unit, the solar units is driven to rotate.
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