CN108444752B - Shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device and sampling method thereof - Google Patents
Shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device and sampling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108444752B CN108444752B CN201810420171.8A CN201810420171A CN108444752B CN 108444752 B CN108444752 B CN 108444752B CN 201810420171 A CN201810420171 A CN 201810420171A CN 108444752 B CN108444752 B CN 108444752B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
- G01N2001/085—Grabs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device and a sampling method thereof, the sampling device comprising: the sampling device is used for collecting shore-based remote underwater sediment and floating out of the water after the underwater sediment is collected; the ejection device is in locking connection with the sampling device and is used for ejecting the sampling device inserted into the water away from the shore; the air outlet pipe of the air supply device is communicated with the air inlet pipeline of the sampling device and is used for driving the sampling device to grasp underwater sediments; the sampling method comprises the following steps: after the sampler collects underwater sediment, a gas circuit control unit is started, a gas control slip ring pushes a closed valve to slide out from a closed valve annular hole groove at the inner side of the lower part, and the sampling head is closed; meanwhile, the volume of the air bag is increased, the spherical sealing cover of the tail cover is pushed to be closed, the buoyancy is increased, the sampler is driven to leave sediment and float out of the water, and the air inlet pipe of the piston cylinder is pulled to recover the sampler. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the problems of difficult sampling, danger, high cost and the like of underwater sediment in a wide water area are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device and a sampling method thereof.
Background
The underwater sediment mainly refers to solid substances which enter the water body in various forms and are finally deposited at the bottom of the water body under the effects of flocculation and gravity, and the research of the underwater sediment plays an important role in researching the hydrology and biodiversity of the river and sea and protecting the water body.
The underwater sediment near the river bank is collected relatively easily, and the underwater sediment can be realized by a piston type columnar sediment sampler or a mud grabber. However, for underwater sediment far away from river bank, the sampling difficulty is greatly increased, and the sediment cannot be directly collected by a piston type columnar sediment sampler or a mud grabber. The sampling ship generally needs to navigate to a specified position, and then the underwater sediment is collected by adopting a traditional sampler. The method greatly increases the economic and time costs and the dangers of sampling, and is not beneficial to popularization and application.
Therefore, it is necessary to design an efficient and practical shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling tool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of difficult sampling, dangerous sampling and high sampling cost of underwater sediment in a water area far away from a river bank, and provides a bank-based remote underwater sediment sampling device and a sampling method thereof, which are convenient to sample and simple to operate.
The invention relates to a shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device, which is characterized by comprising:
the sampler is used for collecting shore-based remote underwater sediment and floating out of the water after the underwater sediment is collected;
the ejection device is in locking connection with the sampler and is used for ejecting the sampler inserted into the sampler into water far away from the shore;
and the air supply device is provided with an air outlet pipe which is communicated with an air inlet pipeline of the sampler and is used for driving the sampler to grasp underwater sediment.
The sampler comprises a cutting head for grabbing underwater sediment, a sampling tube for containing the grabbed underwater sediment and a tail cover for closing the tail end of the sampling tube and driving the whole sampler to float out of the water, wherein the cutting head and the tail cover are respectively and detachably arranged at the head end and the tail end of the sampling tube, the grabbing part of the cutting head and the pneumatic control part of the tail cover are controlled by the air supply device, an air inlet of the grabbing part is used as an air inlet of the sampler and is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the air supply device, and an air outlet of the grabbing part is communicated with an air inlet pipeline of the pneumatic control part of the tail cover to realize linkage of the grabbing part of the cutting head and the pneumatic control part of the tail cover.
The cutting head comprises a cutting head shell, a reset spring, a sliding ring, a sealing valve and a pneumatic control unit, wherein the upper part of the cutting head shell is detachably connected with the sampling tube, the side wall of the cutting head shell is hollow and is used for accommodating the reset spring, the sliding ring and the pneumatic control unit, the upper end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the cutting head shell, the lower end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sliding ring, and the sliding ring is controlled to axially reciprocate along the cutting head shell; the lower end of the slip ring is hinged with a plurality of sealing petals along the circumferential direction of the slip ring; the inner wall of the sealing valve is provided with a sealing valve sliding rail which is in sliding fit with a notch at the annular hole groove of the sealing valve cut on the inner side of the bottom of the cutting head shell, so that the sealing valve slides out of the annular hole groove of the sealing valve to jointly enclose a curved surface sealed at the head end of the sampling tube; the pneumatic control unit comprises a switch sheet, a cylinder and a hairspring, wherein the head of the switch sheet is provided with a bulge for blocking the sliding ring from continuously moving downwards towards the lower part of the cutting head shell, the lower end of the switch sheet is fixed on the inner wall of the cutting head shell through the hairspring, the upper part of the switch sheet is connected with the outer end of a piston rod of the cylinder, the inner end of the piston rod is provided with a piston capable of axially sealing and sliding along the piston cylinder of the cylinder, the outer side of the piston is sleeved with a piston sealing ring, the piston cylinder is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which can be communicated with the inner cavity of the piston cylinder, the air inlet is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of an air supply device on the shore through an air inlet pipe, the air outlet is communicated with an air inlet end pipeline of a pneumatic control part of a tail cover through an air outlet pipe, a check valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe, and when the air pressure in the cylinder is the air pressure is lowest, the bulge of the switch sheet is blocked at the bottom of the sliding ring.
The tail cover comprises a cover body and a spherical sealing cover, wherein the cover body is used for being detachably connected with the sampling pipe, the spherical sealing cover is used for controlling the opening and closing of the sampling pipe, the cover body is in locking connection with the ejection device, the cover body is detachably connected with the tail end of the sampling pipe, the spherical sealing cover is divided into at least two spherical dividing bodies, the spherical dividing bodies are hinged to one end face of the cover body along the circumferential direction of the cover body, and a sealing piece is assembled at a notch of the spherical dividing bodies; the top of the spherical closing cover is provided with a fixed column for being inserted into the ejection device; the air inlet end of the air bag is communicated with the air outlet end pipeline of the air outlet pipe, the air bag is hinged at one end of the spherical sealing cover of the cover body and corresponds to the spherical dividing bodies one by one, and the opening and closing of the spherical sealing cover are controlled through the size of the air bag.
The ejection device comprises an ejection cylinder body, a lifting device and an ejection spring, wherein one end of the ejection cylinder body is open, and the other end of the ejection cylinder body can reciprocate along the axial direction of the ejection cylinder body, the ejection spring is assembled on a lifting platform of the lifting device, the bottom end of the ejection spring is fixedly connected with the lifting platform, and when the ejection device is in locking connection with the sampler, a fixed column at the top of the spherical sealing cover is inserted into the ejection spring to be hollow.
The lifting device comprises a spring fixing disc, a handle, a rotating shaft, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, a screw rod and an ejection cylinder sliding rail, wherein the screw rod and the rotating shaft are respectively arranged at the sealing end of the ejection cylinder body through a first bearing and a second bearing, the part of the screw rod extending into the ejection cylinder body is fixedly provided with the first transmission gear, and the end part of the screw rod is fixedly provided with the spring fixing disc; one end of the rotating shaft exposed outside the ejection cylinder is provided with a handle, and one end of the rotating shaft extending into the ejection cylinder is fixedly provided with a second transmission gear, and the first transmission gear is meshed with the second transmission gear; the ejection cylinder sliding rail is axially and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the ejection cylinder and is matched with the groove at the edge of the spring fixing disc, so that the spring fixing disc can move up and down along the ejection cylinder sliding rail.
A locking device is additionally arranged between the sampler and the ejection device.
The locking device comprises a fixing ring arranged on the sampler and a trigger arranged on the ejection device, wherein the fixing ring is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the rear cover body, which is far away from the spherical sealing cover, the trigger is hinged to the closed end part of the ejection cylinder body, the end part of the trigger is inserted from a square hole groove on the ejection cylinder body, when the sampler is locked with the ejection device, the fixing ring is clamped at the square hole groove, and the tail end of the trigger is propped against the outer wall of the sampling tube inserted into the ejection cylinder body.
The ejection cylinder is cylindrical, has an inner diameter of 100-150 mm and a length of 1000-1500 mm, and is made of stainless steel; the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are bevel gears, the included angle between transmission shafts of the bevel gears is 90 degrees, the transmission ratio is 2-3, and the material is stainless steel; the wire diameter of the ejection spring is 4-8 mm, the outer diameter is 60-100 mm, and the free height is 250-300 mm; the cutting head shell body is in a circular ring shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, the outer diameters of the upper part and the lower part are respectively 80-130 mm and 100-150 mm, the wall thickness is 3-5 mm, and the material is stainless steel; the piston cylinder is cylindrical with a closed left end, the length is 6-9 mm, the outer diameter is 5-8 mm, the wall thickness is 2-3 mm, and the piston cylinder is made of stainless steel; the sampling tube is cylindrical, has an outer diameter of 90-140 mm, a wall thickness of 5-8 mm and a length of 800-1300 mm, and is made of acrylic.
The invention relates to a sampling method by using a shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device, which comprises the following steps of:
1) The cutting head and the tail cover are respectively screwed on the two ends of the head and the tail of the sampling tube, the air inlet of the air supply device is communicated with the air inlet pipeline of the cutting head, the air outlet of the cutting head is communicated with the air inlet pipeline of the air bag of the tail cover, and the sampler is assembled;
2) Inserting the sampler into the ejection cylinder, clamping a fixing ring at the outer side of the lower end of the tail cover into a square hole groove of the ejection cylinder, and inserting a fixing column at the top of the tail cover into an inner hollow part of the ejection spring to lock the sampler and the ejection cylinder;
3) The handle is rotated to drive the second transmission gear, the first transmission gear and the screw rod to rotate in sequence, so that the spring fixing disc is pushed to move upwards along the ejection cylinder sliding rail at the bottom in the ejection cylinder body, and the ejection spring is compressed;
4) A sufficiently long air inlet pipe is ensured between the sampler and the air supply device, a trigger is pulled to complete ejection of the sampler, and the ejected sampler is continuously connected with the on-shore air supply device through the air inlet pipe;
5) After the sampler is inserted into the underwater sediment, the air is inflated into the air cylinder through the pneumatic control unit, air enters from the left air inlet pipe of the piston cylinder body, the piston rod is pushed to move right, the switch piece is opened, the sliding ring is released, the sealing valve is pushed to slide out of the sealing valve annular hole groove along the sliding rail direction of the sealing valve, and the cutting head is sealed;
6) After the piston is pushed to the right side, gas entering the piston cylinder enters the air bag through the check valve, the piston cylinder air outlet pipe and the air bag air inlet pipe, the air bag volume is enlarged, the extrusion spherical sealing cover is closed, the buoyancy is increased, the carrying sampler floats out of the water surface, and at the moment, the piston cylinder air inlet pipe can serve as a rope to recycle the sampler to finish sampling.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The ejection cylinder is adopted to emit the sampler, so that the labor is saved, the projection distance is farther, and underwater sediment in a wide water area can be collected;
2) And a novel cutting head is adopted, so that the sampling efficiency is improved, and the original structure of a sample is reserved. When sampling, the gas circuit system is used for inflating to trigger the switch piece, so that the closed valve slides out along the track, the lower end of the cutting head is closed, and sediment samples are prevented from losing during hand-free sampling;
3) And pneumatic operation is adopted, so that the complexity of equipment is reduced, and the use stability is improved. The inflated gas pushes the piston to move right first, and the switch piece is opened, so that the sealing valve seals the cutting head under the action of the reset spring; then, the air is inflated to the air bag through the air outlet pipe of the piston cylinder at the upper right side of the piston cylinder, the inflated air bag closes the sealing cover and continuously inflates to the air bag, and finally the air bag floats upwards with the sampler. The unique gas path design ensures the sequence of the cutting head sealing, the tail cover sealing and the sampler floating, and if the sequence is disordered, sediment collection failure can be caused, for example, the sampler floating is prior to the cutting head sealing;
4) The air bag and the air pipe can be used as two purposes. When the sampler is ejected, the air bag can increase the dynamic resistance at the tail part of the sampler, and the attitude of the sampler in the air and water is kept; when the sampler is recovered, the inflated air bag provides vertical upward buoyancy, so that the sampler floats upwards, and the sampler is convenient for a bank sampler to recover. When the sampler is inflated, the air inlet pipe of the piston cylinder is used as an air path to flush the compressed air provided by the onshore air pump into the sampler; when the sampler is recovered, the air inlet pipe of the piston cylinder is used as a rope, so that a bank sampler can conveniently recover the sampler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shore-based remote underwater sediment sampler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sampler cutting head;
FIG. 3a is a front view of a single piece closure flap;
FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional view of a single piece closure flap;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the tail cap;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an ejector;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings.
Referring to the drawings:
embodiment 1 the invention provides a shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device, comprising:
the sampler 1 is used for collecting shore-based remote underwater sediment and floating out of the water after the underwater sediment is collected;
the ejection device 2 is in locking connection with the sampler 1 and is used for ejecting the sampler inserted into the sampler into water far away from the shore;
and an air supply device 3, an air outlet pipe of which is communicated with an air inlet pipeline of the sampler 1 and is used for driving the sampler to grasp underwater sediment.
The sampler 1 comprises a cutting head 11 for grabbing underwater sediment, a sampling tube 12 for containing the grabbed underwater sediment and a tail cover 13 for closing the tail end of the sampling tube and driving the whole sampler to float out of the water, wherein the cutting head 11 and the tail cover 13 are respectively and detachably arranged at the head end and the tail end of the sampling tube, the grabbing part of the cutting head 11 and the pneumatic control part of the tail cover 13 are controlled by an air supply device, an air inlet of the grabbing part is used as an air inlet of the sampler 1 and is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the air supply device 3, and an air outlet of the grabbing part is communicated with an air inlet end pipeline of the pneumatic control part of the tail cover to realize linkage of the grabbing part of the cutting head 11 and the pneumatic control part of the tail cover 13.
The cutting head 11 comprises a cutting head shell 111, a reset spring 112, a sliding ring 113, a closed valve 114 and a pneumatic control unit 115, wherein the upper part of the cutting head shell 111 is in threaded connection with a sampling tube, the side wall of the cutting head shell 111 is hollow and is used for accommodating the reset spring, the sliding ring and the pneumatic control unit, the upper end of the reset spring 112 is fixedly connected with the cutting head shell 111, the lower end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sliding ring 113, and the sliding ring 113 is controlled to axially reciprocate along the cutting head shell 111; the lower end of the slip ring 113 is hinged with 6 closed petals 114 along the circumferential direction; the inner wall of the sealing valve 114 is provided with a guiding sealing valve sliding rail 116, the sealing valve sliding rail 116 is in sliding fit with a notch at a sealing valve annular hole groove 117 cut on the inner side of the bottom of the cutting head shell 111, so that the sealing valve 114 slides out of the sealing valve annular hole groove 117 to jointly enclose a curved surface sealed at the head end of the sampling tube, and the curved surface is used as a grabbing part of the sampler; the pneumatic control unit 115 comprises a switch piece 1151, a cylinder and a hairspring 1152, wherein the head part of the switch piece 1151 is provided with a bulge for blocking the slip ring from continuously moving downwards towards the lower part of the cutting head shell, the lower end of the switch piece 1151 is fixed on the inner wall of the cutting head shell 111 through the hairspring 1152, the upper part of the switch piece 1151 is connected with the outer end of a piston rod 1153 of the cylinder, a piston 1155 capable of axially sealing and sliding along a piston cylinder 1154 of the cylinder is assembled at the inner end of the piston rod 1153, a piston sealing ring 1156 is sleeved at the outer side of the piston 1155, the piston cylinder 1154 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which can be communicated with the inner cavity of the piston cylinder, wherein the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet pipeline of the air supply device 3 on the shore through an air outlet pipe 1157, the air outlet is communicated with the air inlet end pipeline of the pneumatic control part of the tail cover 13, a check valve 1159 is arranged on the air outlet pipe, and when the air pressure in the cylinder is the air pressure is the lowest, the bulge of the switch piece is blocked at the bottom of the slip ring.
The tail cover 13 comprises a cover body 131 for detachably connecting with the sampling tube, a spherical sealing cover 132 for controlling the opening and closing of the sampling tube and an air bag 133 for controlling the opening and closing of the spherical sealing cover, the cover body 131 is in locking connection with the ejection device 2, the cover body 131 is in threaded connection with the tail end of the sampling tube 12, the spherical sealing cover 132 is divided into at least two spherical divided bodies, the spherical divided bodies are hinged on one end face of the cover body along the circumferential direction of the cover body, and a sealing piece 133 is assembled at the notch of the spherical divided bodies; the top of the spherical closing cap 132 is provided with a fixed column 1321 for being inserted into the ejection device; the air bag 133 is used as a pneumatic control part of the rear cover, the air inlet end of the air bag 133 is communicated with the air outlet end pipeline of the air outlet pipe, the air bag 133 is hinged at one end of the spherical sealing cover of the cover body and corresponds to the spherical dividing bodies one by one, and the opening and closing of the spherical sealing cover are controlled by the size of the air bag 133.
The ejection device 2 comprises an ejection cylinder 21, a lifting device 22 and an ejection spring 23, one end of the ejection cylinder 21 is open, the other end of the ejection cylinder 21 can reciprocate along the axial direction of the ejection cylinder 21, the ejection spring 23 is assembled on a lifting platform of the lifting device 22, the bottom end of the ejection spring 23 is fixedly connected with the lifting platform, and when the ejection device 2 is in locking connection with the sampler 1, a fixed column at the top of the spherical sealing cover 132 is inserted into the ejection spring 23.
The lifting device 22 comprises a spring fixing disc 221, a handle 222, a rotating shaft 223, a first transmission gear 224, a second transmission gear 225, a screw rod 226 and an ejection cylinder sliding rail 227, wherein the screw rod 226 is arranged at the sealing end of the ejection cylinder 221 through a first bearing 228, the rotating shaft 223 is arranged on the side wall of the sealing end of the ejection cylinder 221, the screw rod is in rotary connection with the ejection cylinder, the rotating shaft and the ejection cylinder, the part of the screw rod 226 extending into the ejection cylinder 21 is fixedly provided with the first transmission gear 224, and the end part of the screw rod 226 is fixedly provided with the spring fixing disc 221; one end of the rotating shaft 223 exposed outside the ejection cylinder 21 is provided with a handle 222, and one end of the rotating shaft 223 extending into the ejection cylinder 21 is fixedly provided with a second transmission gear 225, and the first transmission gear 224 is meshed with the second transmission gear 225; the ejection cylinder sliding rail 227 is axially fixed on the inner wall of the ejection cylinder 21 and is matched with a groove at the edge of the spring fixing disc 23, so that the spring fixing disc 221 can move up and down along the ejection cylinder sliding rail 227.
A locking device 4 is additionally arranged between the sampler 1 and the ejection device 2.
The locking device 4 comprises a fixed ring 41 arranged on the sampler and a trigger 42 arranged on the ejection device, the fixed ring 41 is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the cover body 131 far away from the spherical sealing cover, the trigger 42 is hinged to the closed end part of the ejection cylinder 21, the end part of the trigger 42 is inserted from a square hole slot 211 above the ejection cylinder 21, when the sampler 1 is locked with the ejection device 2, the fixed ring 41 is clamped at the square hole slot 211, and the tail end of the trigger 42 is propped against the outer wall of the sampling tube 12 inserted into the ejection cylinder 21.
The air supply device 3 is an air pump.
The ejection cylinder is cylindrical, has an inner diameter of 100-150 mm and a length of 1000-1500 mm, and is made of stainless steel; the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are bevel gears, the included angle between transmission shafts of the bevel gears is 90 degrees, the transmission ratio is 2-3, and the material is stainless steel; the wire diameter of the ejection spring is 4-8 mm, the outer diameter is 60-100 mm, and the free height is 250-300 mm; the cutting head shell body is in a circular ring shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, the outer diameters of the upper part and the lower part are respectively 80-130 mm and 100-150 mm, the wall thickness is 3-5 mm, and the material is stainless steel; the piston cylinder is cylindrical with a closed left end, the length is 6-9 mm, the outer diameter is 5-8 mm, the wall thickness is 2-3 mm, and the piston cylinder is made of stainless steel; the sampling tube is cylindrical, has an outer diameter of 90-140 mm, a wall thickness of 5-8 mm and a length of 800-1300 mm, and is made of acrylic.
Embodiment 2 in a sampling device of a shore-based remote underwater sediment sampler according to the present invention: the inner side of the upper part of the cutting head shell 111 of the cutting head 11 is provided with an internal thread, the inner cavity of the middle upper part is provided with a return spring 112, the upper end of the return spring 112 is fixed with the cutting head shell 111, the lower end of the return spring is fixed with a slip ring 113, the lower end of the slip ring 113 is connected with a closed valve 114 through a hinge, the inner side of the closed valve is provided with a closed valve sliding rail 116, the closed valve sliding rail 116 is matched with a closed valve annular hole groove 117 cut on the inner side of the bottom of the cutting head shell, and the closed valve 114 can slide out through the closed valve annular hole groove 117; the outer edge of the slip ring 113 is contacted with a switch piece 1151, the lower end of the switch piece 1151 is fixed on the inner wall of the cutting head shell 111 through a hairspring 1152, the upper part of the switch piece 1151 is connected with a piston 1155 through a piston rod 1153, a piston sealing ring 1156 is sleeved outside the piston 1155, the piston 1155 is arranged in a piston cylinder 1154, the left side of the upper part of the piston cylinder 1154 is connected with an onshore air pump through a piston cylinder air inlet pipe 1157, the right side of the upper part of the piston cylinder 1154 is connected with a piston cylinder air outlet pipe 1158, and a check valve 1159 is arranged on the piston cylinder air outlet pipe. The inner side of the lower part of the tail cover 13 is provided with an internal thread, the outer side of the lower end is provided with a fixed ring 41, the inner side of the upper end is connected with a spherical sealing cover 132 through a hinge, the sealing cover 132 is equally divided into two parts, a sealing piece 133 is padded at a notch and at a contact position with a sampling tube, the top of the sealing cover is provided with a fixed column 1321, the fixed column 1321 can be inserted into an ejection spring 23 of an ejection cylinder, the outer side of the upper end of the tail cover 13 is fixedly provided with an air bag 133, the air bag 133 is connected with an air bag inlet pipe 1331, and the air bag inlet pipe 1331 is connected with a piston cylinder outlet pipe of the cutting head 11.
The main body of the ejection device 2 is an ejection cylinder 21, a first bearing 228 is embedded in the rear end surface of the ejection cylinder 21 and used for installing a first transmission gear 224, the outer edge of the first transmission gear 224 is meshed with a second transmission gear 225, the second transmission gear 225 is connected with an L-shaped handle 222 through a rotating shaft 223, the central shaft of the first transmission gear 224 is connected with a screw rod 226 through threads, the upper end of the screw rod 226 is connected with the lower disc surface of a spring fixing disc 221 through a second bearing 229, an ejection spring 23 is fixed on the upper disc surface of the spring fixing disc 221, a groove is arranged at the edge of the spring fixing disc 221 and is matched with an ejection cylinder sliding rail 227 which is arranged at the inner bottom of the ejection cylinder 21 and along the axial direction of the ejection cylinder; the ejection cylinder 21 at the upper part of the sliding rail 227 is provided with a square hole groove 211, the bottom of the square hole groove 211 is provided with a trigger 42, and the trigger 42 is connected with the ejection cylinder 21 through a hinge.
Example 3a sampling method using the shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling apparatus of example 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
1) The cutting head 11 and the tail cover 13 are respectively screwed on the two ends of the head and the tail of the sampling tube 12, the air inlet of the air supply device 3 is communicated with an air inlet pipeline of the cutting head 11, the air outlet of the cutting head 11 is communicated with an air bag air inlet pipeline of the tail cover 13, and the sampler 1 is assembled;
2) The sampler 1 is inserted into the ejection cylinder 21, so that the fixing ring 41 at the outer side of the lower end of the tail cover 13 is clamped into the square hole groove 211 of the ejection cylinder 21, and the fixing column 1321 at the top of the tail cover 13 is inserted into the inner space of the ejection spring 23, thereby locking the sampler and the ejection device 2;
3) Rotating the handle 222, sequentially driving the second transmission gear 225, the first transmission gear 224 and the screw 226 to rotate, pushing the spring fixing disc 221 to move upwards along the ejection cylinder sliding rail 227 at the inner bottom of the ejection cylinder 21, and compressing the ejection spring 23;
4) A sufficiently long air inlet pipe is ensured between the sampler 1 and the air supply device 3, the trigger 42 is pulled to complete ejection of the sampler 1, and the ejected sampler 1 is continuously connected with the on-shore air supply device 3 through the air inlet pipe;
5) After the sampler 1 is inserted into the underwater sediment, the air is inflated into the air cylinder through the pneumatic control unit 115, air enters from the left air inlet tube 1157 of the piston cylinder 1154, the piston rod 1153 is pushed to move right, the switch piece 1151 is opened, the slip ring 113 is released, the sealing valve 114 is pushed to slide out from the sealing valve annular hole groove 117 along the sealing valve sliding rail 116, and the cutting head 11 is sealed;
6) After the piston 1155 is pushed to the right, the gas entering the piston cylinder 1154 enters the air bag 133 through the check valve 1159, the piston cylinder air outlet pipe 1158 and the air bag air inlet pipe 1331, the air bag 133 is enlarged in volume, the spherical sealing cover 132 is extruded to be closed, the buoyancy is increased, the carrying sampler 1 floats out of the water, and at the moment, the piston cylinder air inlet pipe 1157 can serve as a rope to recover the sampler 1, so that the sampling is completed.
The embodiments described in the present specification are merely examples of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, but also equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the inventive concept.
Claims (7)
1. A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device, comprising:
the sampler is used for collecting shore-based remote underwater sediment and floating out of the water after the underwater sediment is collected; the sampler comprises a cutting head for grabbing underwater sediment, a sampling tube for containing the grabbed underwater sediment and a tail cover for sealing the tail end of the sampling tube and driving the whole sampler to float out of the water, wherein the cutting head and the tail cover are respectively and detachably arranged at the head end and the tail end of the sampling tube, the grabbing part of the cutting head and the pneumatic control part of the tail cover are controlled by the air supply device, an air inlet of the grabbing part is used as an air inlet of the sampler and is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of the air supply device, and an air outlet of the grabbing part is communicated with an air inlet end pipeline of the pneumatic control part of the tail cover to realize linkage of the grabbing part of the cutting head and the pneumatic control part of the tail cover; the cutting head comprises a cutting head shell, a reset spring, a sliding ring, a sealing valve and a pneumatic control unit, wherein the upper part of the cutting head shell is detachably connected with the sampling tube, the side wall of the cutting head shell is hollow and is used for accommodating the reset spring, the sliding ring and the pneumatic control unit, the upper end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the cutting head shell, the lower end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sliding ring, and the sliding ring is controlled to axially reciprocate along the cutting head shell; the lower end of the slip ring is hinged with a plurality of sealing petals along the circumferential direction of the slip ring; the inner wall of the sealing valve is provided with a sealing valve sliding rail which is in sliding fit with a notch at the annular hole groove of the sealing valve cut on the inner side of the bottom of the cutting head shell, so that the sealing valve slides out of the annular hole groove of the sealing valve to jointly enclose a curved surface sealed at the head end of the sampling tube; the pneumatic control unit comprises a switch sheet, a cylinder and a hairspring, wherein the head part of the switch sheet is provided with a bulge for blocking the sliding ring from continuously moving downwards towards the lower part of the cutting head shell, the lower end of the switch sheet is fixed on the inner wall of the cutting head shell through the hairspring, the upper part of the switch sheet is connected with the outer end of a piston rod of the cylinder, the inner end of the piston rod is provided with a piston capable of axially sealing and sliding along the piston cylinder of the cylinder, the outer side of the piston is sleeved with a piston sealing ring, the piston cylinder is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which can be communicated with the inner cavity of the piston cylinder, the air inlet is communicated with an air outlet pipeline of an air supply device on the shore through an air inlet pipe, the air outlet is communicated with an air inlet end pipeline of a pneumatic control part of the tail cover through an air outlet pipe, a check valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe, and when the air pressure in the cylinder is the air pressure is the lowest, the bulge of the switch sheet is blocked at the bottom of the sliding ring;
the ejection device is in locking connection with the sampler and is used for ejecting the sampler inserted into the sampler into water far away from the shore; a locking device is additionally arranged between the sampler and the ejection device;
and the air supply device is provided with an air outlet pipe which is communicated with an air inlet pipeline of the sampler and is used for driving the sampler to grasp underwater sediment.
2. A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tail cover comprises a cover body and a spherical sealing cover, wherein the cover body is used for being detachably connected with the sampling pipe, the spherical sealing cover is used for controlling the opening and closing of the sampling pipe, the cover body is in locking connection with the ejection device, the cover body is detachably connected with the tail end of the sampling pipe, the spherical sealing cover is divided into at least two spherical dividing bodies, the spherical dividing bodies are hinged to one end face of the cover body along the circumferential direction of the cover body, and a sealing piece is assembled at a notch of the spherical dividing bodies; the top of the spherical closing cover is provided with a fixed column for being inserted into the ejection device; the air inlet end of the air bag is communicated with the air outlet end pipeline of the air outlet pipe, the air bag is hinged at one end of the spherical sealing cover of the cover body and corresponds to the spherical dividing bodies one by one, and the opening and closing of the spherical sealing cover are controlled through the size of the air bag.
3. A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the ejection device comprises an ejection cylinder body, a lifting device and an ejection spring, wherein one end of the ejection cylinder body is open, and the other end of the ejection cylinder body can reciprocate along the axial direction of the ejection cylinder body, the ejection spring is assembled on a lifting platform of the lifting device, the bottom end of the ejection spring is fixedly connected with the lifting platform, and when the ejection device is in locking connection with the sampler, a fixed column at the top of the spherical sealing cover is inserted into the ejection spring to be hollow.
4. A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the lifting device comprises a spring fixing disc, a handle, a rotating shaft, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, a screw rod and an ejection cylinder sliding rail, wherein the screw rod and the rotating shaft are respectively arranged at the sealing end of the ejection cylinder body through a first bearing and a second bearing, the part of the screw rod extending into the ejection cylinder body is fixedly provided with the first transmission gear, and the end part of the screw rod is fixedly provided with the spring fixing disc; one end of the rotating shaft exposed outside the ejection cylinder is provided with a handle, and one end of the rotating shaft extending into the ejection cylinder is fixedly provided with a second transmission gear, and the first transmission gear is meshed with the second transmission gear; the ejection cylinder sliding rail is axially and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the ejection cylinder and is matched with the groove at the edge of the spring fixing disc, so that the spring fixing disc can move up and down along the ejection cylinder sliding rail.
5. A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the locking device comprises a fixing ring arranged on the sampler and a trigger arranged on the ejection device, wherein the fixing ring is arranged on the outer wall of one end of the rear cover body, which is far away from the spherical sealing cover, the trigger is hinged to the closed end part of the ejection cylinder body, the end part of the trigger is inserted from a square hole groove on the ejection cylinder body, when the sampler is locked with the ejection device, the fixing ring is clamped at the square hole groove, and the tail end of the trigger is propped against the outer wall of the sampling tube inserted into the ejection cylinder body.
6. A shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device as in claim 5, wherein: the ejection cylinder is cylindrical, has an inner diameter of 100-150 mm and a length of 1000-1500 mm, and is made of stainless steel; the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear are bevel gears, the included angle between transmission shafts of the bevel gears is 90 degrees, the transmission ratio is 2-3, and the material is stainless steel; the wire diameter of the ejection spring is 4-8 mm, the outer diameter is 60-100 mm, and the free height is 250-300 mm; the cutting head shell body is in a circular ring shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, the outer diameters of the upper part and the lower part are respectively 80-130 mm and 100-150 mm, the wall thickness is 3-5 mm, and the material is stainless steel; the piston cylinder is cylindrical with a closed left end, the length is 6-9 mm, the outer diameter is 5-8 mm, the wall thickness is 2-3 mm, and the piston cylinder is made of stainless steel; the sampling tube is cylindrical, has an outer diameter of 90-140 mm, a wall thickness of 5-8 mm and a length of 800-1300 mm, and is made of acrylic.
7. A sampling method using the shore-based remote underwater sediment sampling device of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
1) The cutting head and the tail cover are respectively screwed on the two ends of the head and the tail of the sampling tube, the air inlet of the air supply device is communicated with the air inlet pipeline of the cutting head, the air outlet of the cutting head is communicated with the air inlet pipeline of the air bag of the tail cover, and the sampler is assembled;
2) Inserting the sampler into the ejection cylinder, clamping a fixing ring at the outer side of the lower end of the tail cover into a square hole groove of the ejection cylinder, and inserting a fixing column at the top of the tail cover into an inner hollow part of the ejection spring to lock the sampler and the ejection cylinder;
3) The handle is rotated to drive the second transmission gear, the first transmission gear and the screw rod to rotate in sequence, so that the spring fixing disc is pushed to move upwards along the ejection cylinder sliding rail at the bottom in the ejection cylinder body, and the ejection spring is compressed;
4) A sufficiently long air inlet pipe is ensured between the sampler and the air supply device, a trigger is pulled to complete ejection of the sampler, and the ejected sampler is continuously connected with the on-shore air supply device through the air inlet pipe;
5) After the sampler is inserted into the underwater sediment, the air is inflated into the air cylinder through the pneumatic control unit, air enters from the left air inlet pipe of the piston cylinder body, the piston rod is pushed to move right, the switch piece is opened, the sliding ring is released, the sealing valve is pushed to slide out of the sealing valve annular hole groove along the sliding rail direction of the sealing valve, and the cutting head is sealed;
6) After the piston is pushed to the right side, the gas entering the piston cylinder passes through the check valve and the piston cylinder
The air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe of the air bag enter the air bag, the air bag volume is enlarged, the spherical sealing cover is extruded to be closed,
and increases the buoyancy, carries the sampler to float out of the water, at the moment, the air inlet pipe of the piston cylinder can serve as a rope,
and (5) recycling the sampler to finish sampling.
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