CN108444586A - Optical fiber type surveys the error of division suppressing method of torsional oscillation method - Google Patents
Optical fiber type surveys the error of division suppressing method of torsional oscillation method Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
Abstract
The error of division suppressing method that a kind of optical fiber type surveys torsional oscillation method belongs to torsional vibration signals process field, and on the basis of the pulse sequence method based on fibre optical sensor, this method can effectively reduce influence of the black and white strip with the error of division to data results.Include the following steps：First, torsional oscillation data are converted to torsional oscillation data matrix；By way of extracting cycle corresponding points mean value, reference data is found out；Secondly, the torsional oscillation characteristic of torsional oscillation information can more be reflected by being extracted in conjunction with torsional oscillation data and reference data；Later, high-pass filtering is carried out to torsional oscillation characteristic, weakens and tests unrelated lower frequency external vibration noise with this, improve signal-to-noise ratio；Finally, FFT spectrum analysis is carried out to filtered torsional oscillation characteristic, obtains torsion frequency.The present invention can effectively weaken black and white strip cannot precisely be connected influence of the equal indicative error to data results with stretcher strain and head and the tail, increase its scope of application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to torsional vibration signals process fields, are related to feature signal extraction, high-pass filtering and spectrum analysis, specifically
It is related to a kind of error of division suppressing method of optical fiber type survey torsional oscillation method.
Background technology
Since material structure is uneven, manufacture and assembly fabrication error, load change, ballistic factor and other asymmetric
The presence of load can have different degrees of torsional oscillation in shafting turning course.In cycles or overgenerous torsional oscillation easily draws
The destructive torsional resonance of hair or fatigue accumulation, cause shafting impaired.In centrifugal compressor rotor, I. C. engine crankshaft, generator
In the various rotor rotary machine systems such as rotor and reaction wheel, research and the detection of torsional oscillation are of great significance.
According to the difference of torsional vibration measurement technology mechanism, the method for measuring torsional oscillation mainly has two kinds of contact type measurement and non-contact measurement.
Contact type measurement method generally uses acceleration transducer or resistance strain gage to carry out torsional vibration measurement.Non-contact type measuring method mainly has
Pulse sequence counting method.
It generally requires when carrying out torsional vibration measurement by the pulse sequence counting method based on fibre optical sensor and pacifies on measured axis
Dress pastes black and white strip band equal indicative device.Pulse signal is generated by photoelectric sensor, is then adopted using high-frequency counter
Collect signal.This kind of measurement method is easy to operate, environmental suitability is strong and is readily applied in practice.In recent years, with science and technology
Demand in progress and industrial production to torsional vibration measurement, this method are developed rapidly.But torsional oscillation is carried out using this method
The biggest problem of measurement is influence of the error of division of the black and white strip with equal indicative device to data results.Presently, there are
Method is all to reduce by this kind of error of division as possible, therefore very high to the processing and installation required precision of black and white strip band.However, protecting
The processing and installation precision for demonstrate,proving indexing means is relatively difficult, especially the stretcher strain during stickup black and white strip band and head
Tail cannot precisely be connected equal error.It is as follows that it makes a concrete analysis of process：
Pulse sequence torsion measuring method based on fibre optical sensor needs fibre optical sensor being fixed on black and white strip band
The side of position.On fibre optical sensor meeting transfer laser to black and white strip and receive corresponding light emitting echo-signal.Due to white
The light reflectivity of striped is larger, so light reflection echo-signal after the opto-electronic conversion of Laser emission receiving instrument, exports as height
The voltage signal of level.In contrast, output voltage is low level to black streaking.By high-speed counter card collection voltages signal,
A threshold value is set i.e. between low level and high level, when voltage breaks through threshold value by rising edge, counter can be write down currently
The time base period T that its internal clocking has been passed by0Number, and time base period T0It is known.If previous informal voucher line skims over sensing
When device, the time base period number that internal clocking has been passed by is Ni, when the latter informal voucher line pass over sensor adjacent thereto is Ni+1,
It then can be by calculating the method for time base period number difference come when acquiring two adjacent informal voucher line pass over sensor between them
Time difference td=T0(Ni+1-Ni)。
Since torsional oscillation can show as the variation of instantaneous angular velocity on direction of rotation, then the variation of instantaneous angular velocity can be used
To indicate the variation of torsional oscillation.Assuming that sharing m informal voucher lines at equal intervals on black and white strip band, then measured axis rotates a circle, and counts
Device counting m times, and then obtain one group of time series { t being made of m time difference1,t2...tm}.Do not considering other errors
In the case of influence, the mean angular velocity ω between two neighboring informal voucher lineiIt is represented by：
Wherein, m is the informal voucher line number on black and white strip band；tdFor two neighboring informal voucher line pass over sensor when time
Interval.
When rotating speed is very high or measured axis on the black and white strip pasted it is very intensive when, time difference tdCan be sufficiently small, that is, it samples
It is spaced sufficiently small.And then mean angular velocity ωiIntermediate time when being two neighboring informal voucher line pass over sensor can be approximately considered
Instantaneous angular velocity.Existing method is directly to carry out spectrum analysis to instantaneous angular velocity data to obtain torsion frequency.
Since this kind of measurement method is in the actual mechanical process for pasting black and white strip band, inevitably there is black and white
Be stretched deformation, striped band head and the tail of striped band cannot precisely be connected equal indicative error.So actual conditions are each adjacent informal voucher lines
Between spacing it is unequal so that it is constant in rotating speed and there is no torsional oscillation and other vibration noises in the case of, this kind
The error of division also results in time difference tdVariation so that the angular velocity omega being calculated by formula (1)iIt is variation.If according to
Existing method directly carries out spectrum analysis to instantaneous angular velocity data, and the error can be made to impact data processed result, into
And cause result of spectrum analysis that cannot clearly give expression to torsional oscillation information.Which results in this method in actual application by
Many limitations, therefore research and develop and a kind of allow the error of division to there is the method that can accurately analyze torsional oscillation information again to seem particularly
It is important.
For the application problem of this kind of torsion measuring method, the present invention is by way of feature signal extraction and high-pass filtering
Influence of the error of division to data results is weakened, enables this kind of measurement method in the presence of having the error of division,
Accurately analyze torsion frequency.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of error of division inhibition side of optical fiber type survey torsional oscillation method
Method first extracts the data (referred to hereinafter as torsional oscillation characteristic W) that more can accurately indicate torsional oscillation feature, then carries out high-pass filtering again
With spectrum analysis.The present invention can efficiently reduce black and white strip on the basis of the pulse sequence method based on fibre optical sensor
Influence with the error of division to data results, accurately analyzes torsion frequency.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
The black and white strip band indexing means being made of m informal voucher line is pasted on measured axis, and fibre optical sensor is fixed on
Side of the black and white strip with position, fibre optical sensor are understood on transfer laser to black and white strip and receive corresponding light emitting echo letter
Number.High-speed counter card can acquire the time difference sequence { t generated by the triggering of black and white strip band1,t2...tm}.Optical fiber type surveys torsional oscillation
The error of division suppressing method of method includes the following steps：
Step 1, by torsional oscillation data WωIt is converted into torsional oscillation data matrix wω
Torsional oscillation data WωIt is by collected multigroup time difference sequence { t1,t2...tmBring into after formula (1) and to be calculated,
Its time-domain analysis is as shown in Figure 1.After having pasted black and white strip band on measured axis, the error of division of black and white strip band is fixed
It is constant, and measured axis often turns over one week, and this kind of error will be resurveyed one time, so angular speed caused by this kind of error
ωiThe variation of result of calculation is periodic, and can clearly observe each period.It can be found that torsional oscillation data are in from Fig. 1
Now periodically fluctuation, this is because influence of the error of division of black and white strip band to data acquisition results is very big, it is collected
Data can change along the changing rule of the error rather than the periodicity of torsional vibration signals.Observed periodicity is black and white
Caused by the striped band error of division.Periodic low spot is caused by black and white strip band head and the tail could not precisely be connected in figure
's.Data point between two adjacent low spots collected data when rotating a circle for measured axis.
Collected data definition is that a part can if the torsional oscillation data have k part when measured axis is rotated a circle
It is expressed as Gω1,Gω2...Gωk.There is the m data point generated by m informal voucher line in each part, then torsional oscillation data can be obtained
Matrix wω, as shown in formula (2)：
Step 2 obtains reference data Ws
The mean value for finding out each column element in step 1 torsional oscillation data matrix respectively, is represented by：
By m mean valueReference data W as this group of torsional oscillation datas。
Step 3, extraction torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w
By step 1 torsional oscillation data matrix wωInterior each row element is corresponding with the reference data of step 2 successively to be subtracted each other, you can
Torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w is obtained, is represented by：
Step 4 converts torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w to torsional oscillation characteristic W
Element in matrix w is begun through into end to end mode from the 1st row and is launched into data line sequence by row, it should
Sequence is torsional oscillation characteristic W, is expressed as：
When extracting torsional oscillation characteristic W by this kind of analysis method, it is equivalent to each data respectively with reference data
Sampling initial point of the point as each sampling length, (i.e. torsional oscillation data are relative to base value for the difference for going to acquire between two groups of data
According to undulate quantity), that is, torsional oscillation data each data point be each sampling length sampling terminal, brief principle such as Fig. 2
It is shown.
Due to the influence of the black and white strip error of division, reference data is fluctuation, so collected each data
Sampling initial point is variation, and each sampling interval sampled between initial point is also to change with reference data, i.e. torsional oscillation characteristic
It samples to obtain by variable sampling rate.Measured axis often turns over one week, and counter will be collected to be generated by m striped pulse
Time difference sequence { t1,t2...tm}.Due to presence of the black and white strip with the error of division so that t1,t2...tmValue between be
Not equal.But the mean speed of measured axis is time T constant, i.e., that measured axis often rotates a circlesIt is constant, there will be：
t1+t2+...+tm=Ts (6)
So within the time that measured axis rotates a circle, data collecting system can acquire the m generated by m informal voucher line triggering
A data point.The sample frequency then used in data analysis process is represented by：
Fs=f × m (7)
In formula, f is tested shaft rotation frequency, i.e. f=1/Ts, m is the informal voucher line number on black and white strip band.This sample frequency Fs
It is only used in data analysis process, is not real sample frequency, value is equivalent to each wink in each swing circle
When sample frequency mean value.
Step 5 carries out high-pass filtering and spectrum analysis to torsional oscillation characteristic W, extracts torsion frequency
5.1) a high-pass filter h (n) is constructed, high-pass filtering is carried out to the torsional oscillation characteristic W that step 4 obtains, is cut
The weak lower frequency external vibration noise unrelated with data results improves signal-to-noise ratio, is expressed as：
Wh=h (W, f1,f2,rp,rs,Fs) (8)
In formula, f1For cut-off frequecy of passband；f2For stopband cutoff frequency；Rp is sideband region decaying DB values；Rs declines for cut-off region
Subtract DB values；FsFor sample frequency, Fs=f × m, wherein f=1/Ts, m is informal voucher line number, TsIt often rotates a circle for measured axis
Time.
5.2) the result W that high-pass filtering is arrivedhFFT spectrum analysis is carried out, torsion frequency information is obtained.
Procedure described above one to step 5 can efficiently reduce the black and white strip band error of division to data analysis knot
The influence of fruit, accurately analyzes torsion frequency.This method is the error of division suppressing method that optical fiber type surveys torsional oscillation method.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Black and white strip indexing is weakened by way of feature signal extraction and high-pass filtering
Influence of the error to data results, and torsional oscillation frequency is clearly accurately analyzed by high-pass filtering and spectrum analysis mode
Rate.The present invention, which can effectively weaken black and white strip band stretcher strain and head and the tail, cannot precisely be connected equal indicative error to data analysis
As a result influence solves the problems, such as torsion measuring method of this kind based on fibre optical sensor in the application, increases its scope of application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is torsional oscillation data time-domain analysis figure；
Fig. 2 is torsional oscillation characteristic brief principle figure；
Fig. 3 is torsional oscillation data time-domain analysis；(a) it is 40Hz torsional oscillation data time-domain diagrams；(b) it is 130Hz torsional oscillation data time domains
Figure；
Fig. 4 is torsional oscillation characteristic time-domain analysis；(a) it is 40Hz torsional oscillation characteristic time-domain diagrams；(b) it is 130Hz torsional oscillations
Characteristic time-domain diagram；
Fig. 5 is the torsional oscillation characteristic time-domain analysis after high-pass filtering；(a) it is the 40Hz torsional oscillation characteristics after high-pass filtering
According to time-domain diagram；(b) it is the 130Hz torsional oscillation characteristic time-domain diagrams after high-pass filtering；
Fig. 6 is torsional oscillation characteristic result of spectrum analysis；(a) it is 40Hz torsional oscillation characteristic frequency domain figures；(b) it is 130Hz
Torsional oscillation characteristic frequency domain figure；
Fig. 7 is the data results of existing method；(a) it is the 40Hz data frequency domain figures of existing method；(b) it is existing side
The 130Hz data frequency domain figures of method；
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
It is that combination technology scheme and attached drawing describe the embodiment of the present invention in detail below.The data of embodiment come from torsional oscillation
Test experimental bed.The torsional oscillation test experimental bed can generate the torsional oscillation of specific frequency by Torsional Vibration Motor.Data are by high-frequency counter
Card collects.Motor speed in experimentation is 5460r/min；Torsion frequency be respectively set at 40Hz (low frequency) with
130Hz (high frequency)；There are 25 informal voucher lines on black and white strip band.The sampling used in data handling procedure can be obtained by formula (7)
Frequency Fs=91 × 25=2275Hz.
Step 1：By collected multigroup time difference sequence { t1,t2...tmBring formula (1) into after torsional oscillation data can be obtained
Wω, time-domain analysis is as shown in Figure 3.
Step 2：Collected data definition is a part when measured axis is rotated a circle.Torsional oscillation data have k portion
Point, it is represented by G1,G2...Gk.By torsional oscillation data WωIt is converted into torsional oscillation data matrix wω, it is represented by：
Step 3：Torsional oscillation data matrix w is found out respectivelyωIn each column element mean value, be represented by：
By 25 mean valuesReference data W as this group of torsional oscillation datas。
Step 4：By torsional oscillation data matrix wωInterior each row element successively with reference data WsCorrespondence is subtracted each other, you can is obtained
Torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w.
Step 5：Element in matrix w is begun through into end to end mode from the 1st row and is launched into data line by row
Sequence, you can obtain torsional oscillation characteristic W, time-domain analysis is as shown in Figure 4.
Step 6：High-pass filtering W is carried out to torsional oscillation characteristic W by formula (8)h=h (W, f1,f2,rp,rs,Fs),
Time-domain analysis is as shown in Figure 5.
Step 7：FFT spectrum analysis is carried out to filtered torsional oscillation characteristic, obtains torsional oscillation torsion frequency, frequency spectrum
Analysis result is as shown in Figure 6.
In the result of spectrum analysis of torsional oscillation characteristic, the 40.3Hz that can clearly observe and 130.3Hz's
Frequency meets expected results.This can illustrate the accuracy of this method.In order to further embody the superiority of proposed method,
The comparative analysis data results of existing method, as shown in Figure 7.
From in Fig. 7 it can be found that frequency domain figure in 40.3Hz and 130.3Hz torsion frequency amplitude it is comparatively small and unsuitable
Observation.And since black and white strip error of division logarithm adopts the repetition rate and tested shaft rotation frequency of the cyclic effects of result and error
It is identical, then so that the amplitude of the tested shaft rotation frequencies of 91Hz is very high in frequency domain figure.Compared to existing analysis method, elder generation that the present invention uses
The method that extraction torsional oscillation characteristic carries out spectrum analysis again is with obvious effects.Above-mentioned comparative analysis demonstrates the excellent of proposed method
More property.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of optical fiber type surveys the error of division suppressing method of torsional oscillation method, pasted on measured axis be made of m informal voucher line it is black
Informal voucher line band indexing means, is fixed on side of the black and white strip with position, fibre optical sensor can transfer laser by fibre optical sensor
On to black and white strip and receive corresponding light emitting echo-signal；High-speed counter card can be acquired to be triggered by black and white strip band and be generated
Time difference sequence { t1,t2...tm}；Torsional oscillation data W can be obtained in time difference sequence after conversionω, which is characterized in that it is described
Error of division suppressing method includes the following steps：
Step 1, by torsional oscillation data WωIt is converted into torsional oscillation data matrix wω
Collected data definition is a part when measured axis is rotated a circle can indicate if the torsional oscillation data have k part
For Gω1,Gω2...Gωk；It is assumed that there is m informal voucher line on black and white strip band, then have in each part by the triggering generation of informal voucher line
M data point, then can be obtained torsional oscillation data matrix
Step 2 obtains reference data Ws
Torsional oscillation data matrix w is found out respectivelyωIn each column element mean value, be expressed as：
By m mean valueReference data W as this group of torsional oscillation datas；
Step 3, extraction torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w
By step 1 torsional oscillation data matrix wωInterior each row element is corresponding with step 2 reference data successively to be subtracted each other, you can is turned round
Characteristic of shaking matrix w, is expressed as：
Step 4 converts torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w to torsional oscillation characteristic W
Element in torsional oscillation characteristic matrix w is begun through end to end mode from the 1st row to count in a row by row expansion
According to sequence, which is torsional oscillation characteristic W, is expressed as：
When extracting torsional oscillation characteristic W, it is equivalent to each data point adopting as each sampling length respectively using reference data
Sample initial point acquires the difference between torsional oscillation data point and base value strong point, i.e. each data point of torsional oscillation data is sampling every time
The sampling terminal of length；
Sampling interval between each sampling initial point changes with reference data, within the time that measured axis rotates a circle, data acquisition
System can acquire the m data point generated by m informal voucher line triggering；The sample frequency F then used in data analysis processsIt indicates
For：
Fs=f × m (7)
In formula, f is tested shaft rotation frequency, i.e. f=1/Ts, m is the informal voucher line number on black and white strip band, TsIt is often rotated for measured axis
One week time；Sample frequency FsIt is equivalent to the mean value of each instantaneous sampling frequency in each swing circle；
Step 5 carries out high-pass filtering and spectrum analysis to torsional oscillation characteristic W, extracts torsion frequency
5.1) construction high-pass filter h (n) carries out high-pass filtering, weakening and data to the torsional oscillation characteristic W that step 4 obtains
The unrelated lower frequency external vibration noise of analysis result improves signal-to-noise ratio；
5.2) the result W that high-pass filtering is arrivedhFFT spectrum analysis is carried out, torsion frequency information is obtained.
2. optical fiber type according to claim 1 surveys the error of division suppressing method of torsional oscillation method, which is characterized in that the step
High-pass filter h (n) is expressed as in five：Wh=h (W, f1,f2,rp,rs,Fs), in formula, f1For cut-off frequecy of passband；f2For stopband
Cutoff frequency；Rp is sideband region decaying DB values；Rs is cut-off region decaying DB values；FsFor sample frequency, Fs=f × m, wherein f=
1/Ts, m is informal voucher line number, TsThe time often to rotate a circle for measured axis.
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| CN111504637A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军91663部队 | Method for measuring torsional vibration of propulsion shaft |
| CN117007172A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-11-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Shafting torsional vibration measuring device and shafting torsional vibration measuring method using optical fiber structure light field |
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