CN108430922B - 用于细菌聚集的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅 - Google Patents
用于细菌聚集的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108430922B CN108430922B CN201680076844.1A CN201680076844A CN108430922B CN 108430922 B CN108430922 B CN 108430922B CN 201680076844 A CN201680076844 A CN 201680076844A CN 108430922 B CN108430922 B CN 108430922B
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- mucin
- oral care
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- oral
- silica
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Abstract
本文公开了粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅,包含其的组合物,以及使用这种组合物促进口腔细菌聚集和/或清除的方法。
Description
背景技术
口腔细菌是牙齿疾病的主要原因,包括龋齿、牙龈炎、牙周炎和口臭。口腔细菌形成紧密粘附于口腔表面,尤其是牙釉质的生物膜。随着时间过去,这些生物膜钙化并且变成牙垢,使得它们更难以从牙齿表面去除。目前在家的牙齿处理,例如刷牙和漱口,只能在预防口腔生物膜生长或防止生物膜转化为牙菌斑和牙垢方面提供少量益处。牙菌斑和牙垢一旦形成,去除其的唯一有效的方法就是通过昂贵的,有时不舒服的专业牙科治疗,例如根面平整和刮治。在牙菌斑和牙垢形成过程已开始之前,开发防止口腔细菌生物膜初始形成的手段将是非常有益的。
口腔生物膜的形成需要细菌细胞表面上的各种蛋白质和糖的相互作用。在成功的牙齿清洁后,可去除大部分口腔生物膜,留下牙齿准备好新一轮的细菌定植和新生物膜的发展。生物膜形成的第一步是由主要定殖者的定殖,所述定殖者包括链球菌属(Streptococcus)物种(例如口腔链球菌(S.oralis)、变异链球菌(S.mutans)、血链球菌(S.sanguinis)、缓症链球菌(S.mitis)和格氏链球菌(S.gordonii)),允许通常与口腔健康问题有关的次级生物的最终聚集。因此,能够干扰这些生物起始粘附于口腔表面的能力,防止口腔生物膜的最终形成和聚集将具有极大益处。
粘蛋白是由人体各处的粘膜上皮细胞产生的高分子量糖蛋白家族。它们是呼吸道分泌物(例如粘液)和唾液的主要成分。许多细菌物种通过利用粘蛋白作为口腔表面定殖的天然基材而容易地与其结合。因此,粘蛋白具有聚集细菌的能力。
如果粘蛋白可锚定至不溶性支持物,例如不溶性颗粒,则这种粘蛋白包被的颗粒可充当细菌附接和粘附的靶。使用包含这种颗粒的组合物冲洗口腔随后将成为收集口腔中的松散细菌用于消除的方式。
发明内容
现在已发现,小颗粒二氧化硅可用粘蛋白表面官能化,以产生粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。这些粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒能够将细菌粘附在口腔中,使得细菌能够被有效地消除。定期使用含有这种粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的口腔护理产品充当通过在细菌可形成广泛生物膜之前,聚集并消除口腔细菌来防止口腔生物膜发展的方式。
口腔细菌的这种聚集和消除可导致对口腔卫生和口腔健康的多重有利作用,包括减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀、清洁牙齿、减少细菌生成的生物膜和斑块、减少牙龈炎、抑制蛀牙和抑制龋齿的形成。该方法包括将本公开内容的组合物施加于牙齿。
本公开内容提供了粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒,制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的方法,包含粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的口腔护理组合物,以及使用这些组合物用于预防和/或治疗口腔状况的方法。粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒可直接配制到各种口腔护理递送系统内,例如液体漱口水、液体凝胶(liquigel)以及水性和非水性凝胶或糊剂洁牙剂。在一些实施例中,粘蛋白包被的颗粒可被夹带或包封在各种基质中用于在组合物期间使用释放。
本发明的其它适用领域从下文提供的详细说明中将变得显而易见。应了解,详细说明和特定实例虽然指示本发明的优选实施例,但旨在仅用于说明的目的而无意限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
以下对优选实施例的描述在本质上仅是示例性的,并且决不意图限制本发明、本发明的应用或用途。
在第一个方面,本公开内容提供了用于口腔护理组合物中的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。在优选实施例中,二氧化硅具有20微米或更小的平均粒度。通过将二氧化硅颗粒在粘蛋白溶液(例如,纯化或重组人、牛或猪粘蛋白)中温育,通过粘蛋白的表面层包被二氧化硅颗粒。发明人已发现,粘结的主要决定因素是二氧化硅颗粒的表面积,而不是二氧化硅颗粒的尺寸(例如直径)。通过粘蛋白分子的亲水性蛋白和糖部分与二氧化硅颗粒的亲水性氧主链之间广泛的氢键合相互作用,粘蛋白变得吸附到二氧化硅颗粒的表面。然后细菌能够聚集至粘蛋白,并且通过延伸聚集至二氧化硅。
粘蛋白是由大多数动物的上皮组织产生的糖基化蛋白质(糖缀合物)。粘蛋白由三个不同的区域组成:轻微糖基化且富含半胱氨酸的氨基末端区域;由多重串联重复(例如10-80个残基序列,其中高达50%的残基为丝氨酸或苏氨酸)形成的大中心区,其为重度O-糖基化的(也具有一些N-糖基化);轻微糖基化且富含半胱氨酸的羧基末端区域。
粘液是由大多数植物和一些微生物产生的稠性、粘附物质。它可为自然界中的糖蛋白或多糖。仙人掌和其它肉质植物和亚麻籽是特别丰富的粘液来源。某些植物物种比其它物种产生更多的粘液。这些高粘液植物包括比大多数植物中通常发现的高得多浓度的粘液:芦荟(Aloe vera)、落葵(Basella alba)(落葵(Malabar spinach))、仙人掌、角叉菜(Chondrus crispus)(爱尔兰藓)、黄麻属(Corchorus)(黄麻植物)、长山药(Dioscoreapolystachya)(淮山、山药)、茅膏菜属(Drosera)(茅膏菜)、露松(Drosophyllumlusitanicum)、葫芦巴、亚麻籽、海带、甘草根、药属葵(Marshmallow)、锦葵属(Mallow)、毛蕊花属(Mullein)、秋葵属(Okra)、银胶菊属(Parthenium)、捕虫堇属(Pinguicula)(捕虫堇)、洋车前子(Psyllium)种皮、芡欧鼠尾草(Salvia hispanica)(奇亚)种子、土人参(Talinum triangulare)(水叶)、红榆(Ulmus rubra)树皮(赤榆)和大车前(Plantagomajor)(车前草)。胞外多糖粘液的另一个良好来源是绿藻,尤其是团藻科(团藻目)物种,以及海洋粘液,如由浮游植物产生的粘液。
如本公开内容自始至终使用的,术语“粘蛋白”包括动物来源的粘蛋白和植物或微生物来源的粘液。在一些实施例中,粘蛋白仅为动物来源的粘蛋白。在其它实施例中,粘蛋白是植物来源的粘液或微生物来源的粘液或其混合物。当粘蛋白是动物来源的粘蛋白时,它可为源自任何脊椎动物物种的粘蛋白,包括鱼、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类或哺乳动物。
在一个实施例中,用于粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅是小颗粒二氧化硅。平均粒度为8微米或更小的二氧化硅颗粒是商购可得的二氧化硅,例如PQCorporation(以前来自INEOS)SORBOSIL AC43(SORBOSIL AC43是二氧化硅,其性质包括粉末RDA 160、吸油系数75cm3/100g、重量平均粒度3.5微米和在1000℃下最大11.0%的灼烧损失和pH 5.5)。另一种有用的二氧化硅是可得自Ineos Silicas,Warrington,United Kingdom二氧化硅,其性质包括平均粒度2.7-4.0微米(如由MALVERN MASTERSIZER测定的)、筛余量+45μm、在105℃下最大8.0%的水分损失、在1000℃下最大14.0%的灼烧损失和在水性悬浮液中的pH 5.5-7.5)。本发明的另一个实施例是平均粒度为1.5-6.0微米的二氧化硅。
用于粘蛋白包被的其它可能的二氧化硅包括典型的磨料二氧化硅,例如沉淀二氧化硅或硅胶,例如在授予Pader等人的美国专利3,538,230和授予Digiulio的美国专利号3,862,307中所述的二氧化硅干凝胶,所述美国专利均以引用的方式并入本文。特定的二氧化硅干凝胶由W.R.Grace&Co.Davison Chemical Division以商标名出售。沉淀二氧化硅材料包括由J.M.Huber Corp.以商品名出售的那些,包括具有名称Zeodent105、114、115、119和165的二氧化硅。这些二氧化硅磨料中的一些在美国专利号4,340,583中描述,所述美国专利以引用的方式并入本文。在某些实施例中,可用于根据本发明的经口组合物的实践的研磨材料包括硅胶和沉淀的无定形二氧化硅,其吸油值小于100cc/100g二氧化硅和在45cc/100g至70cc/100g二氧化硅的范围内。吸油值使用ASTA Rub-Out Method(擦掉法)D281来测量。有用的低吸油二氧化硅磨料包括由W.R.Grace&Co.,Baltimore,Md.21203的Davison Chemical Division以商品名Sylodent出售的那些。Sylodent650由具有按重量计29%的水含量和小于70cc/100g二氧化硅的吸油值的胶体二氧化硅颗粒构成的二氧化硅水凝胶,是可用于本公开内容的低吸油二氧化硅磨料的例子。
在一些实施例中,粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅包含平均粒度小于20微米,例如1-20微米、1-16微米、2-16微米、1-6微米、2-5微米、8-16微米、8-15微米、8-12微米或10-16微米、或其组合的二氧化硅(例如,由2-5微米平均尺寸和8-12微米平均尺寸的二氧化硅组成的群体)。如本文自始至终使用的,提及二氧化硅尺寸、表面积、孔隙率和其它物理特征指在不存在粘蛋白涂层的情况下二氧化硅颗粒的所述特征。
表面积是确定粘蛋白吸附到二氧化硅上的程度的重要特征。用于制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的二氧化硅颗粒具有至少25m2/g、或至少50m2/g、或至少100m2/g的N2BET表面积。在一些实施例中,二氧化硅颗粒具有25-100m2/g、或50-150m2/g、或25-500m2/g、或50-500m2/g、或100-500m2/g、或100-400m2/g、或200-400m2/g、或200-500m2/g、或300-400m2/g、或100-200m2/g的N2BET表面积。
在一些优选实施例中,用于制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的二氧化硅颗粒具有200-500m2/g或300-400m2/g的N2BET和1-16微米或2-5微米的平均粒度。在其它实施例中,用于制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的二氧化硅颗粒具有30-50m2/g或50-70m2/g的N2BET和8-12微米或8-15微米的平均粒度。在另外其它实施例中,用于制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的二氧化硅颗粒具有25-100m2/g或30-70m2/g的N2BET和5-20微米或8-15微米的平均粒度。在另外其它实施例中,用于制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的二氧化硅颗粒具有100-200m2/g或100-150m2/g的N2BET和5-20微米或10-15微米的平均粒度。在其它实施例中,用于制备粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的二氧化硅颗粒选自具有以下的二氧化硅:360-410m2/g的N2BET和2-25微米的平均粒度;30-50m2/g的N2BET和8-12微米的平均粒度;50-70m2/g的N2BET和8015微米的平均粒度;或100-160m2/g的N2BET和10-16微米的平均粒度;或其组合。
哺乳动物粘蛋白可从多种来源获得,例如不同物种(例如人、猪、牛)以及那些物种内的不同上皮腔(例如胃、呼吸器官、唾液)。粘蛋白可通过纯化从天然动物来源获得,或通过使用重组DNA技术获得。可基于这种因素如成本、可用性、纯度、免疫原性、亲水性、分子量和糖基化程度来选择特定粘蛋白。粘蛋白对二氧化硅的吸附取决于静电、氢键合和其它非共价相互作用,这取决于粘蛋白中糖蛋白的性质。优选的粘蛋白包括牛颌下粘蛋白、猪颌下粘蛋白和猪胃粘蛋白。例如,粉末状II型猪胃粘蛋白可得自Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,Mo.)。
二氧化硅上粘蛋白的负载范围可为约0.1mg/100mg二氧化硅至10mg/100mg二氧化硅(1∶1000至1∶10w)。在一些实施例中,负载范围为约0.5mg/100mg二氧化硅至约5mg/100mg二氧化硅。在一些实施例中,平均粘蛋白负载为约1mg/100mg二氧化硅至2mg/100mg/二氧化硅、或约1mg/100mg二氧化硅。
与二氧化硅结合的粘蛋白总量可通过在215nm和/或225nm下使用吸收光谱法来测定。
在第二个方面,本公开内容提供了如上所述包含粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的口腔护理组合物(组合物1),例如洁牙剂,例如牙膏。这样的组合物可包含0.1-50重量%的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒,例如1-50重量%。
在另外的实施例中,本公开内容提供如下的口腔护理组合物:
1.1.组合物1,其中所述组合物还包含以游离或口腔可接受的盐形式的碱性氨基酸,例如赖氨酸或精氨酸。
1.2.组合物1或1.1,其中所述组合物还包含金属盐,例如锌盐、铜盐或亚锡盐(例如氧化锌、柠檬酸锌、乳酸锌、磷酸锌或其组合)。
1.3.以牙膏、凝胶、漱口水、粉末、乳膏、条(例如薄膜)或口香糖形式的前述组合物中的任一种。
1.4.在经口可接受的基质,例如漱口水、凝胶或洁牙剂基质中的前述组合物中的任一种。
1.5.以洁牙剂形式的前述组合物中的任一种,其中粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒以抑制口腔生物膜形成的有效量存在,例如以按组合物的重量计0.1至20%,或0.5至15%、0.5至10%、1至10%、2至8%、3至5%或约3%、或约5%或约8%、或约10%的量存在。
1.6.前述组合物中的任一种,其中所述组合物包含洁牙剂基质,所述洁牙剂基质还包含磨料,例如有效量的二氧化硅、钙磨料,例如10-30%,例如约20%。
1.7.以经口凝胶形式的前述组合物中的任一种,其中粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒以抑制口腔生物膜形成的有效量存在,例如以按组合物的重量计0.1至20%,或0.5至15%、0.5至10%、1至10%、2至8%、3至5%或约3%、或约5%或约8%、或约10%的量存在。
1.8.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含有效量的氟离子源,例如提供50至3000ppm的氟化物。
1.9.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含有效量的氟化物,例如,其中所述氟化物是选自氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化胺(例如N′-十八烷基三亚甲基二胺-N,N,N′-三(2-乙醇)-二氟化氢)、氟化铵、氟化钛、六氟硫酸盐及其组合的盐。
1.10.前述组合物中的任一种,包含有效量的一种或多种碱金属磷酸盐,例如钠盐、钾盐或钙盐,例如选自碱金属二碱式磷酸盐和碱金属焦磷酸盐,例如选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸氢二钙、磷酸二钙二水合物、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、三聚磷酸钠以及这些中任何两种或更多种的混合物,例如其量为按组合物的重量计1-20%,例如2-8%,例如约5%。
1.11.前述组合物中的任一种,包含缓冲剂例如磷酸盐缓冲液或柠檬酸盐缓冲液,例如磷酸钠缓冲液(例如磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二钠和/或磷酸)。
1.12.前述组合物中的任一种,包含例如选自甘油、山梨糖醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、木糖醇及其混合物的保湿剂,例如包含至少10%,例如10-70%、或20-50%、或20-40%,例如25-35%或50-70%的保湿剂或保湿剂混合物。
1.13.前述组合物中的任一种,包含一种或多种表面活性剂,例如选自阴离子、阳离子、两性离子和非离子表面活性剂及其混合物,例如包含阴离子表面活性剂,例如选自月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基乙醚硫酸钠及其混合物的表面活性剂,例如其量为按重量计约0.3%至约4.5%,例如1-2%月桂基硫酸钠(SLS);和/或两性离子表面活性剂,例如甜菜碱表面活性剂,例如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱,例如其量为按重量计约0.1%至约4.5%,例如0.5-2%椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱。
1.14.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含粘度调节量的一种或多种多糖胶质,例如黄原胶或角叉菜胶、二氧化硅增稠剂及其组合。
1.15.前述组合物中的任一种,包含口香糖条或片段。
1.16.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含调味料、香料和/或着色剂。
1.17.前述组合物中的任一种,包含有效量的一种或多种抗菌剂,例如包含选自下述的抗菌剂:卤化二苯醚(例如三氯生)、草药提取物和精油(例如迷迭香提取物、茶提取物、木兰提取物、厚朴酚、和厚朴酚、百里香酚、薄荷脑、桉油精、香叶醇、香芹酚、柠檬醛、扁柏酚、儿茶酚、水杨酸甲酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、没食子酸、牙刷树(miswak)提取物、沙棘提取物)、双胍类防腐剂(例如氯己定、阿来西定或奥替尼啶)、季铵化合物(例如西吡氯铵(CPC)、苯扎氯铵、十四烷基氯化吡啶(TPC)、N-十四烷基-4-乙基氯化吡啶(TDEPC))、酚类防腐剂、海克替啶、奥替尼啶、血根碱、聚维酮碘、地莫匹醇、salifluor、金属离子(例如锌盐,例如柠檬酸锌、亚锡盐、铜盐、铁盐)、血根碱、蜂胶和氧化剂(例如过氧化氢、缓冲的过氧硼酸钠或过氧碳酸钠)、邻苯二甲酸及其盐、单肽酸及其盐和酯、硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯、油酰肌氨酸、烷基硫酸盐、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、水杨酰苯胺、度米芬、地莫匹醇、辛波醇和其它哌啶基衍生物、nicin制剂、亚氯酸盐;以及前述中任一种的混合物;例如包含三氯生或十六烷基氯化吡啶或厚朴酚或和厚朴酚。
1.18.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含增白剂,例如选自过氧化物、金属亚氯酸盐、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、次氯酸盐及其组合。
1.19.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含过氧化氢或过氧化氢源,例如过氧化脲或过氧化物盐或络合物(例如过氧磷酸盐、过氧碳酸盐、过硼酸盐、过氧硅酸盐或过硫酸盐;例如过氧磷酸钙、过硼酸钠、碳酸钠过氧化物、过氧磷酸钠和过硫酸钾);
1.20.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含干扰或防止细菌粘附的试剂,例如,solbrol或脱乙酰几丁质。
1.21.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含选自以下的钙和磷酸盐源:(i)钙-玻璃复合物,例如磷硅酸钠钙,和(ii)钙-蛋白质复合物,例如酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙。
1.22.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含可溶性钙盐,例如选自硫酸钙、氯化钙、硝酸钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙及其组合。
1.23.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含其量有效降低牙本质敏感性的生理学或经口可接受的钾盐,例如硝酸钾或氯化钾。
1.24.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含阴离子聚合物,例如合成的阴离子聚合物聚羧酸盐,例如其中阴离子聚合物选自马来酸酐或马来酸与另一种可聚合的烯属不饱和单体的1∶4至4∶1共聚物,例如其中阴离子聚合物是平均分子量(M.W.)为约30,000至约1,000,000,例如约300,000至约800,000的甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物,例如其中阴离子聚合物为组合物重量的约1-5%,例如约2%。
1.25.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含非离子聚合物,例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP),例如线型或交联PVP。
1.26.前述组合物中的任一种,还包含口气清新剂、香料或调味料。
1.27.前述组合物中的任一种,其中组合物的pH为近似中性,例如pH 5至10、或pH6至pH 8,例如约pH 7。
1.28.前述组合物中的任一种,其中粘蛋白被诱陷或包封在口腔护理组合物中的基质,例如聚合物基质(例如由本文所述的聚合物中的任一种或其任何组合形成的基质)内。
如本文使用的,术语“洁牙剂”包括水性和非水性牙膏和牙凝胶以及水性液体凝胶、漱口水(包括结构化漱口水)、珠、薄膜、牙线、胶带和口香糖。液体凝胶制剂可配制为液体凝胶牙膏或“涂上(paint-on)”液体凝胶。
在另一个方面,本公开内容提供了促进口腔细菌聚集和/或清除的方法(方法1),所述方法包括向个人的口腔施用包含粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的口腔护理组合物(组合物1等)。在一些实施例中,方法1有效治疗口腔疾病、病症和状况,例如牙龈炎、牙周炎、口臭、牙洞形成、牙釉质侵蚀和口腔感染(例如口腔念珠菌病),或破坏牙菌斑、牙垢和/或细菌生物膜的形成。例如,当组合物1等是牙膏组合物时,方法1将包括以下步骤:用牙膏组合物刷牙足够的时间量(例如1-4分钟,优选2-4分钟),随后用水冲洗口腔,任选地随后用漱口水冲洗口腔。刷洗步骤作用于提供粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒与口腔细菌和生物膜的紧密接触,而机械刷洗动作作用于从牙齿和生物膜移除并释放口腔细菌,允许其聚集并粘附到粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。冲洗步骤允许消除这些粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅/细菌聚集体或复合物,因此消除口腔的细菌。
在第二个实施例中,本公开内容提供了治疗口腔疾病、病症或状况的方法(方法2),所述方法包括向有此需要的患者施用包含粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的口腔护理组合物(组合物1等),以促进口腔细菌的聚集和/或清除。在具体实施例中,所述患者患有口腔疾病、病症或状况,例如牙龈炎、牙周炎、口臭、牙洞形成、牙釉质侵蚀和/或口腔感染(例如口腔念珠菌病)。例如,当组合物1等是牙膏组合物时,方法1将包括以下步骤:用牙膏组合物刷牙足够的时间量(例如1-4分钟,优选2-4分钟),随后用水冲洗口腔,任选地随后用漱口水冲洗口腔。刷洗步骤作用于提供粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒与口腔细菌和生物膜的紧密接触,而机械刷洗动作作用于从牙齿和生物膜移除并释放口腔细菌,允许其聚集并粘附到粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。冲洗步骤允许消除这些粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅/细菌聚集体或复合物,因此消除口腔的细菌。
在一些实施例中,通过本文公开的用途和方法聚集的口腔细菌包括链球菌属物种(例如口腔链球菌、变异链球菌、血链球菌、缓症链球菌和格氏链球菌)中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中,施用根据方法1或方法2的组合物的患者已证实在口腔中的一种或多种链球菌属物种,其导致弱口腔健康。在一些实施例中,施用根据方法1或方法2的组合物的患者已诊断有口腔细菌疾病或病症,例如由一种或多种链球菌属物种引起的口腔细菌感染。在一些实施例中,施用根据方法1或2的组合物的患者患有状况或从使其倾向于口腔细菌感染(例如牙周炎、牙龈炎、口腔外科手术、拔牙、根管治疗)的治疗中恢复,所述口腔细菌感染例如通过链球菌属物种的感染。
在一些实施例中,方法1或2还提供了减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀、清洁牙齿、减少细菌生成的生物膜和斑块、减少牙龈炎、抑制龋齿和牙洞形成以及减少牙本质过敏的有效性。在一些实施例中,该方法允许在口腔细菌可重新粘附到口腔中的固体结构之前,从口腔表面暂时释放的口腔细菌(例如,牙齿的细菌生物膜)的聚集和破坏。
在一些实施例中,本公开内容提供了根据方法1或2的方法,其对于下述中的一种或多种是有效的:(i)减少牙齿的超敏反应,(ii)减少斑块积聚,(iii)减少或抑制脱矿物质并且促进牙齿的再矿物质化,(iv)抑制口腔中的微生物生物膜形成,(v)减少或抑制牙龈炎,(vi)促进口腔中的溃疡或切口的愈合,(vii)减少产酸细菌的水平,(viii)增加非致龋和/或非斑块形成细菌的相对水平,(ix)减少或抑制龋齿的形成,(x)减少、修复或抑制牙釉质的龋前侵蚀,例如如通过定量光诱导荧光(QLF)或电龋测量(ECM)检测的,(xi)治疗、缓解或减少口干,(xii)清洁牙齿和口腔,(xiii)减少侵蚀,(xiv)增白牙齿;(xv)减少牙垢积聚,(xvi)清新呼吸和/或治疗或预防口臭,和/或(xvii)促进全身健康包括心血管健康,例如通过减少经由口腔组织的全身感染的可能性,所述方法包括向有需要的个人的口腔施加如上所述的组合物1等中的任一种,例如每天一次或多次。本公开内容还提供了用于这些方法中的任一种中的组合物1等。
本公开内容还提供了包含粘蛋白结合的二氧化硅颗粒的口腔护理组合物(例如组合物1等)例如如上所述在方法1或方法2中促进口腔细菌聚集和/或促进口腔细菌清除的用途(用途1)。在一些实施例中,组合物1等促进口腔细菌的聚集和/或清除的用途有效治疗口腔疾病、病症或状况(例如牙龈炎、牙周炎、口臭、牙洞形成、牙釉质侵蚀或口腔感染)或破坏斑块和细菌生物膜的形成。在具体实施例中,所述用途有效减少和抑制牙釉质的酸侵蚀、清洁牙齿、减少细菌生成的生物膜和斑块、减少牙龈炎、抑制蛀牙和牙洞形成、和/或减少牙本质超敏反应。
包括牙膏、凝胶、漱口水、粉末、乳膏、条、口香糖、珠、薄膜、牙线或本领域已知的任何其它形式。在一些实施例中,本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物是牙膏或口腔凝胶。在一些实施例中,口腔护理组合物是液体漱口水、液体凝胶、水性或非水性凝胶或糊剂洁牙剂。在一些实施例中,口腔护理组合物是结构化漱口水。在一些实施例中,口腔护理组合物是水性液体凝胶牙膏或“涂上”液体凝胶制剂。
在另一个方面,本公开内容提供了粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒在制造用于方法1或方法2,例如用于促进口腔细菌聚集和/或促进口腔细菌清除中的口腔护理组合物的用途。如本文其它地方所述,这种用途对于治疗和/或预防由所述口腔细菌引起的口腔疾病或病症可能是有益的。
在一些实施例中,本文公开的方法和用途(方法1、方法2和用途1)还可包括施加抗菌剂,以提供抗菌效应的协同增加。这种协同效应可起于粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅促进细菌聚集和生物膜破坏的能力,因此增加了抗菌剂接近细菌细胞的能力。本文公开的任何抗菌剂均可用于所述协同效应,包括但不限于季铵化合物(例如十六烷基吡啶鎓氯化物)、卤化二苯醚(例如三氯生)和木兰提取物(例如厚朴酚、和厚朴酚)。
在一些实施例中,口腔护理组合物(组合物1等)还可包含碱性氨基酸。碱性氨基酸已知在口腔护理疾病和病症的治疗和预防中具有许多有益效应,例如致龋细菌的减少和/或精氨酸分解细菌的增加。
“碱性氨基酸”意指天然存在的碱性氨基酸,例如精氨酸,赖氨酸和组氨酸,以及分子中具有羧基和氨基的任何碱性氨基酸,其是水溶性的且提供具有约7或更大的pH的水溶液。因此,碱性氨基酸包括但不限于精氨酸、赖氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、肌酸、组氨酸、二氨基丁酸、二氨基丙酸、它们的盐或它们的组合。在某些实施例中,氨基酸是赖氨酸。在其它实施例中,氨基酸是精氨酸。
在某些实施例中,锌以按组合物的重量计0.05至10%的量存在于本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物中。在其它实施例中,锌的量为按组合物的重量计至少0.1、至少0.2、至少0.3、至少0.4、至少0.5、至少1、至少2、至少3或至少4直到10%。在其它实施例中,锌的量为按组合物的重量计小于9、小于8、小于7、小于6、小于5、小于4、小于3、小于2、小于1、小于0.5至0.05%。在其它实施例中,所述量为按组合物的重量计0.05至5%、0.05至4%、0.05至3%、0.05至2%、0.1至5%、0.1至4%、0.1至3%、0.1至2%、0.5至5%、0.5至4%、0.5至3%或0.5至2%。
在某些实施例中,本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物是无水的。无水为按重量计小于5%的水,任选按重量计小于4、小于3、小于2、小于1、小于0.5、小于0.1下至0%的水。
活性剂:本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物可包含各种活性剂,所述活性剂用于保护和增强牙釉质和牙齿结构的强度和完整性和/或减少细菌和相关的龋齿和/或牙龈疾病,包括或加上粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。本文中使用的活性成分的有效浓度将取决于所使用的特定试剂和递送系统。应当理解的是,例如,牙膏将典型地在使用时用水稀释,而口部清洗液典型地不会用水稀释。因此,在牙膏中活性剂的有效浓度将通常为口部清洗液所需的浓度的5-15倍。浓度也将取决于所选择的确切的盐或聚合物。例如,在以盐形式提供活性剂的情况下,抗衡离子将影响盐的重量,以使得如果抗衡离子较重,则将需要以重量计更多的盐来在最终产品中提供相同浓度的活性离子。当存在时,精氨酸可以例如约0.1至约20重量%(表示为游离碱的重量),例如对于消费者牙膏约1至约10重量%,或者对于专业或处方治疗产品约7至约20重量%的水平存在。当存在时,氟化物可以例如约25至约25,000ppm,例如对于消费者牙膏约750至约2,000ppm,或者对于专业或处方治疗产品约2,000至约25,000ppm的水平存在。抗菌剂的水平可类似地改变,其中牙膏中使用的水平例如比漱口水中使用的高约5至约15倍。例如,三氯生牙膏可含有约0.3重量%的三氯生。
氟离子源:本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物还可包括一种或多种氟离子源,例如可溶性氟化盐。可采用多种产氟离子的物质作为本发明组合物中的可溶性氟化物的来源。合适的产氟离子的物质的实例见于授予Briner等人的美国专利号3,535,421;授予Parran,Jr.等人的美国专利号4,885,155和授予Widder等人的美国专利号3,678,154。代表性氟离子源包括但不限于氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、胺氟化物、氟化铵及其组合。在某些实施例中,氟离子源包括氟化亚锡、氟化钠、单氟磷酸钠及其混合物。在某些实施例中,本文所述的口腔护理组合物还可含有氟离子源或提供氟的成分,其量足以供应约25ppm至约25,000ppm的氟离子,一般为至少约500ppm,例如约500至约2000ppm,例如约1000至约1600ppm,例如约1450ppm。氟化物的适当含量将取决于特定应用。供一般消费者使用的牙膏将典型地具有约1000至约1500ppm,其中儿童牙膏略低。供专业应用的洁齿剂或涂布剂可以具有多达约5,000或甚至约25,000ppm的氟化物。氟离子源可以在一个实施例中按组合物的重量计约0.01重量%至约10重量%,或在另一个实施例中约0.03重量%至约5重量%,并且在另一个实施例中约0.1重量%至约1重量%的水平加入本文所述的组合物中。用于提供适当水平的氟离子的氟化物盐的重量将基于盐中的抗衡离子的重量计明显地变化。
磨料:本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物,例如,组合物1等可包括二氧化硅磨料,并且可包含另外的磨料,例如磷酸钙磨料,例如磷酸三钙(Ca3(PO4)2)、羟磷灰石(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)或磷酸二钙二水合物(CaHPO4·2H2O,在本文中有时也称为DiCal)或焦磷酸钙;碳酸钙磨料;或磨料如偏磷酸钠、偏磷酸钾、硅酸铝、煅烧氧化铝、膨润土或其它硅质材料或其组合。
发泡剂:本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物还可包括增加当刷洗口腔时产生的泡沫量的试剂。增加泡沫量的试剂的说明性实例包括但不限于聚氧乙烯和某些聚合物,包括但不限于海藻酸盐聚合物。聚氧乙烯可增加由组合物的口腔护理载体组分产生的泡沫的量和泡沫的厚度。聚氧乙烯也通常被称为聚乙二醇(“PEG”)或聚氧化乙烯。适合于该组合物的聚氧乙烯将具有约200,000至约7,000,000的分子量。在一个实施例中,分子量将为约600,000至约2,000,000,以及在另一个实施例中约800,000至约1,000,000。是由Union Carbide生产的高分子量聚氧乙烯的商标名。聚氧乙烯可以按口腔护理组合物的口腔护理载体组分的重量计约1%至约90%,在一个实施例中约5%至约50%,并且在另一个实施例中约10%至约20%的量存在。当存在时,口腔护理组合物中发泡剂的量(即单一剂量)为按重量计约0.01至约0.9%、按重量计约0.05至约0.5%,并且在另一个实施例中按重量计约0.1至约0.2%。
表面活性剂:用于本公开内容的口腔护理组合物可含有阴离子表面活性剂,例如:
i.高级脂肪酸单硫酸单甘油酯的水溶性盐,例如氢化椰子油脂肪酸的单硫酸化单甘油酯的钠盐,例如N-甲基N-椰油基牛磺酸钠、椰油酸单甘油酯硫酸钠,
ii高级烷基硫酸盐,例如月桂基硫酸钠,
iii.高级烷基醚硫酸盐,例如,具有式CH3(CH2)mCH2(OCH2CH2)nOSO3X,其中m为6-16,例如10,n为1-6,例如2、3或4,并且X为Na或K,例如月桂基聚氧乙烯(2)醚硫酸钠(CH3(CH2)10CH2(OCH2CH2)2OSO3Na)。
iv.高级烷基芳基磺酸盐,例如十二烷基苯磺酸钠(月桂基苯磺酸钠)
v.高级烷基磺基乙酸盐,如月桂基磺基乙酸钠(月桂基磺基乙酸钠)、1,2二羟基丙烷磺酸的高级脂肪酸酯、磺基月桂酸盐(sulfocolaurate)(N-2-乙基月桂酸钾磺基乙酰胺)和月桂基肌氨酸钠。
“高级烷基”意指例如C6-30烷基。在特定实施例中,阴离子表面活性剂选自月桂基硫酸钠和月桂基醚硫酸钠。阴离子表面活性剂可以有效的(例如,大于制剂的0.01重量%),但不处于将刺激口腔组织的浓度下(例如,小于10%)的量存在,并且最佳浓度取决于特定制剂和特定表面活性剂。例如,用于漱口水的浓度典型地为用于牙膏的浓度的大约十分之一。在一个实施例中,阴离子表面活性剂以约0.3重量%至约4.5重量%(例如,约1.5重量%)存在于牙膏中。用于本公开内容的口腔护理组合物可任选含有表面活性剂的混合物,例如包含阴离子表面活性剂和可为阴离子、阳离子、两性离子或非离子的其它表面活性剂。通常,表面活性剂是在宽的pH范围内合理稳定的那些表面活性剂。表面活性剂例如在授予Agricola等人的美国专利号3,959,458;授予Haefele的美国专利号3,937,807;和授予Gieske的美国专利号4,051,234中更全面地描述。在某些实施例中,适用于本文中的阴离子表面活性剂包括在烷基中具有约10至约18个碳原子的烷基硫酸酯的水溶性盐以及具有约10至约18个碳原子的脂肪酸的磺化单甘油酯的水溶性盐。月桂基硫酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠以及椰子基单甘油酯磺酸钠为这一类型的阴离子表面活性剂的实例。在一个特定实施例中,本文描述的组合物,例如组合物1等包含月桂基硫酸钠。
表面活性剂或相容表面活性剂的混合物可以按总组合物的重量计约0.1%至约5.0%,在另一个实施例中约0.3%至约3.0%,并且在另一个实施例中约0.5%至约2.0%存在于本文所述的组合物中。
牙垢控制剂:在各种实施例中,本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物可包含防牙垢剂(牙垢控制剂)。合适的防牙垢剂包括但不限于磷酸盐和聚磷酸盐(例如焦磷酸盐)、聚氨基丙磺酸(AMPS)、六偏磷酸盐、柠檬酸锌三水合物、多肽、聚烯烃磺酸盐、聚烯烃磷酸盐、二膦酸盐。该组合物因此可包含磷酸盐。在特定实施例中,这些盐是碱金属磷酸盐,即碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物的盐,例如钠盐、钾盐或钙盐。如本文使用的,“磷酸盐”包括经口可接受的单磷酸盐和多磷酸盐,例如P1-6磷酸盐,例如单体磷酸盐如一元磷酸盐、二元磷酸盐或三元磷酸盐;二聚磷酸盐如焦磷酸盐;和多聚磷酸盐,例如六偏磷酸钠。在特定的实例中,选定的磷酸盐选自碱金属二元磷酸盐和碱金属焦磷酸盐,例如选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二钙二水合物、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、三聚磷酸钠以及这些中的任何两种或更多种的混合物。在一个特定实施例中,例如组合物包含焦磷酸四钠(Na4P2O7)、焦磷酸钙(Ca2P2O7)和磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)的混合物,例如,以约3-4%的磷酸氢二钠和约0.2-1%的每种焦磷酸盐的量。在另一个实施例中,组合物包含焦磷酸四钠(TSPP)和三聚磷酸钠(STPP)(Na5P3O10)的混合物,例如以约1-2%TSPP和约7%至约10%STPP的比例。此类磷酸盐以能够有效地减少牙釉质的侵蚀,以便有助于清洁牙齿,和/或减少牙垢积聚于牙齿上的量提供,例如以组合物的重量计,其量为2-20%,例如大约5-15%。
聚合物:本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物还可包括另外的聚合物,以调节制剂的粘度或增强其它成分的溶解度。此类另外的聚合物包括聚乙二醇、多糖(例如纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素;或多糖胶,例如黄原胶或角叉菜胶)。酸性聚合物(例如聚丙烯酸酯凝胶)可以其游离酸或者部分或完全中和的水溶性碱金属(例如钾和钠)或铵盐的形式提供。
在水性介质中形成聚合物结构或凝胶的二氧化硅增稠剂可存在于本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物中。注意,这些二氧化硅增稠剂在物理和功能上有别于也存在于组合物中的微粒二氧化硅磨料,因为二氧化硅增稠剂非常精细地分散并提供极少作用或无研磨作用。其它增稠剂为羧基乙烯基聚合物、角叉菜胶、羟乙基纤维素和纤维素醚的水溶性盐,例如羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠。也可将天然胶例如刺梧桐胶、阿拉伯树胶和黄芪胶掺入。胶态硅酸镁铝也可用作增稠组合物的组分以便进一步改善组合物的质地。在某些实施例中,使用按总组合物的重量计约0.5%至约5.0%的量的增稠剂。
用于本公开内容的口腔护理组合物可包括阴离子聚合物,例如以约0.05至约5%的量。可用于本文所述组合物的这类试剂公开于美国专利号5,188,821和5,192,531中;并且包括合成的阴离子聚合多羧酸盐,例如马来酸酐或马来酸与另一种可聚合的烯属不饱和单体的1∶4至4∶1共聚物,优选分子量(M.W.)为约30,000至约1,000,000,最优选约300,000至约800,000的甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐。这些共聚物可例如作为Gantrez获得,例如,可得自ISP Technologies,Inc.,Bound Brook,N.J.08805的AN 139(M.W.500,000)、AN 119(M.W.250,000)和优选的S-97药物级(M.W.700,000)。增强剂当存在时以范围为按重量计约0.05至约3%的量存在。其它起作用的聚合物包括例如马来酸酐与丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙烯的1∶1共聚物的那些,后者可例如以Monsanto EMA编号1103、M.W.10,000以及EMA等级61获得;以及丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯、异丁基乙烯醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的1:1共聚物。
水:本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物可包含显著水平的水。用于商业口腔组合物的制备的水应为去离子的并且不含有机杂质。组合物中该量的水包括所添加的游离水加上与其它材料一起引入的量的水。
保湿剂:在某些实施例中,还期望在本公开内容中使用的口腔护理组合物中掺入保湿剂,以防止组合物在暴露于空气时硬化。某些保湿剂也可将合乎需要的甜味或风味赋予洁齿剂组合物。合适的保湿剂包括可食用的多羟基醇,例如甘油、山梨醇、木糖醇、丙二醇以及其它多元醇和这些保湿剂的混合物。在本文所述组合物的一些实施例中,主要保湿剂是甘油,其可以大于25%,例如,25-35%、约30%的水平存在,伴随5%或更少的其它保湿剂。
除非另外说明,否则本说明书中给出的组合物组分的所有百分比均基于100%的总组合物或制剂重量按重量计。
如通篇所用,范围用作描述范围内的每个值的简略表达方式。范围内的任何值都可以选为范围终点。另外,本文引用的所有参考文献据此全文以引用方式并入。如果本公开中的定义和所引用参考文献的定义发生冲突,则以本公开为准。
除非另外规定,否则本文和在本说明书中其它处表达的所有百分比和量应理解为是指重量百分比。给定的量是基于材料的有效重量计。
实例
实例1:粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的制备和分析
各种二氧化硅颗粒类型与浓度为1mg/mL的猪胃粘蛋白一起温育。通过向1L沸腾的去离子水中加入1克粉末状II型猪胃粘蛋白,并且搅拌直至其溶解来制备1mg/mL粘蛋白的储备溶液。冷却至室温后,将100mg二氧化硅加入10mL粘蛋白溶液中,并且将混合物搅拌30分钟。然后将所得到的悬浮液以4000rpm离心一分钟,并且倾析上清液。通过搅拌、离心和倾析,将收集的二氧化硅用去离子水洗涤两次。最后将收集的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅贮存于1mL去离子水中,以防止变干(因此,100mg/mL粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的悬浮液)。所测试的二氧化硅的通常性质显示于表1中。
表1
离心去除未结合的粘蛋白后,用去离子水洗涤二氧化硅固体。使所得到的二氧化硅的样品经受在215和225nm波长下的紫外光谱法。结果显示于表2中。AC43二氧化硅显示在这些条件下具有最大的粘蛋白吸收。还发现表面积而不是粒度是二氧化硅颗粒上的粘蛋白加载的关键决定因素。
实例2:通过粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅清除格氏链球菌细菌。
在补充有1%w/v酵母提取物和50μg/mL(w/v)红霉素的脑心浸液肉汤中在37℃下在5%二氧化碳大气下培养表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的格氏链球菌24小时。GFP的表达导致通过使用488nm的激发波长和519nm的发射波长的荧光显微镜检查的细菌显现。
在离心和洗涤以去除生长培养基后,将细菌培养物重新悬浮,并且在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中调节至约0.8的光密度(610nm)。在24孔聚苯乙烯培养皿的第一孔(孔A)内接种1.5mL所得到的细菌悬浮液。在第二孔(孔B)内接种5mg根据实例1制备的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅。在第三孔(孔C)内接种1.5mL用5mg粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅预处理的细菌悬浮液。然后将24孔板在37℃下在振荡器上以100rpm温育两小时。
抽吸来自每个孔的悬浮液,并且用1mL无菌PBS洗涤每个孔三次。获取明视野显微照片。孔A在视野自始至终显示丰富的小型、明亮的细菌棒。孔B没有显示细菌,但显示丰富的不规则形状的二氧化硅颗粒,其明显大于孔A的细菌,但较不明亮。相比之下,孔C显示丰富的二氧化硅颗粒,其是明亮的,但很少,如果存在分离的细菌的话。这证实来自培养物的全部或几乎全部细菌细胞都已粘附至二氧化硅颗粒,因此赋予其明显的亮度。这改变了二氧化硅颗粒的亮度,证实细菌已变得与二氧化硅颗粒的表面结合。
实例3:与粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅一起温育后,格氏链球菌的回收减少
在另外冲洗来自实例2的孔A、B和C以去除二氧化硅颗粒,仅留下表面粘附的细菌之后,收集细菌,在补充有5%绵羊血的胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂上铺平板,并且在37℃下在5%二氧化碳大气下温育16小时。然后计算格氏链球菌的菌落形成单位(CFU)数目。结果显示于表3中。在与粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅一起温育后,存在细菌回收中的大约90%降低。
实例4:在与粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅一起温育后,格氏链球菌细菌的表面粘附降低
在类似于实例2的实验中,将200μL细菌悬浮液或约1mg粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅或两者分配到透明底部的聚苯乙烯板中,并且在37℃下在5%二氧化碳大气下温育,伴随以100rpm的振荡。洗涤孔以去除二氧化硅后,进行共焦显微镜检查。与细菌一起温育的孔只显示大量GFP标记的细菌的存在。这通过用荧光图像覆盖共焦图像来显示,因为它证实每个可见细菌细胞都发出绿色荧光。相比之下,孔与粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅一起温育,随后为洗涤,既不显示可见细菌也不显示GFP荧光。令人惊讶地,在洗掉二氧化硅之后,与细菌和粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅两者一起温育的孔显示可见细菌和GFP荧光两者的几乎完全不存在。事实上,从这些孔获取的图像与从仅二氧化硅孔获取的那些几乎无法区分。该数据还证实了粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅粘附细菌并且通过冲洗掉二氧化硅颗粒去除细菌的能力。表4还显示了这些结果的荧光量化。在其中粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅和表达GFP的细菌一起温育的孔中检测到的GFP荧光量与阴性对照中的荧光基本上相同。
实例5:通过荧光法评价与AC43二氧化硅的细菌粘附
通过荧光法在488nm的激发波长和519nm发射波长下确定表达GFP的格氏链球菌对游离AC43二氧化硅和粘蛋白包被的AC43二氧化硅两者的粘附。结果显示于表5中。数据针对阴性对照(仅粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅)标准化,以区分粘蛋白自体荧光(由红色虚线指示)和与细菌GFP相关的荧光信号。观察到的游离二氧化硅和粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅对照两者中的荧光增加指示具有荧光增加的细菌粘附与细菌和测试基材的结合增加相关联。当观察到细菌粘附至裸露二氧化硅表面时,当格氏链球菌与粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅基材组合时,观察到增加的细菌粘附。与粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅一起温育15分钟后观察到最多的细菌粘附。
实例6:包含粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的口腔护理组合物。
可将粘蛋白包被的合成无定形二氧化硅掺入用于本文所述方法中的下述洁牙剂组合物内:
实例7:结构化漱口水
粘蛋白包被的颗粒可悬浮于用黄原胶和结冷胶的组合结构化的漱口水中。制备含有AC43二氧化硅颗粒的结构化漱口水制剂,并且在受控室温和加速(40℃和75%相对湿度)条件下老化三个月后,发现在高水系统中保持完整。发现至少0.3Pa的静态屈服应力在提供颗粒在连续相中的均匀悬浮液方面是有效的,尽管这样的颗粒具有比连续漱口水相更高的密度(颗粒密度约1.5g/mL,相对于连续相密度约1.0g/mL)。
下表7的制剂“A”和“B”证实结冷胶和黄原胶材料的有效水平,以对于二氧化硅颗粒的均匀悬浮液提供必要的屈服应力。相比之下,表7的制剂“C”没有结构化,并且因此不能延长粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的悬浮。还发现二价或一价金属离子盐(例如氯化钙或氯化钠)的存在帮助将漱口水的粘度控制在200-1,000cps的优选范围内。优选地,缓冲液将漱口水的pH控制在5和7之间。粘度和屈服应力(YS)在室温下用以1rpm的V73主轴进行测量。
表7
实例8:水性液体凝胶牙膏
如下表8所示,将粘蛋白包被的颗粒配制成可在牙刷上分配的液体制剂。发现该制剂在加速条件下老化三个月后保持物理上稳定。在该制剂中,二氧化硅颗粒与牙膏连续相的比重类似,并且在贮存过程中维持均匀分布。由低浓度的二氧化硅增稠剂和黄原胶提供的该制剂的静态屈服应力同样促成粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒的悬浮。该制剂具有靶向5,000至60,000cps的粘度和在7至9的pH。
表8
实例9:涂上液体凝胶
粘蛋白包被的颗粒也可配制为不含水的液体制剂,其可用专门设计的涂覆器刷子“刷涂”或直接擦拭在牙齿上。代表性制剂显示于下表9中
表9
实例10:珠
粘蛋白包被的颗粒也可包封在珠或胶囊中,所述珠或胶囊可特别用于由便携式装置施加(例如,在牙刷头部中设计有凹穴用于放置例如直径大约5mm的口腔护理珠的装置)。刷洗后,用机械作用破碎珠,并且粘液包被的颗粒在口腔中释放。含有大约10-30%浓度的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅的制剂对于该应用是优选的,因为经由单粒珠每次刷洗最终递送的剂量较小。然而,这些珠在“不停(on-the-go)”刷洗时不预期被吐出,因此与其它一些应用相比,将在口腔中保留更长时间。代表性的珠制剂显示于表10中。
表10
实例11:薄膜
粘蛋白包被的颗粒也可包封在条或薄膜中,所述条或薄膜可(当切成小片时)加入本文所述的任何制剂中,或者可直接置于口中以在与唾液接触时溶解(即,作为便携式口腔护理选项)。与珠一样,这些条当用作便携式选项时不预期被吐出,因此与牙膏应用相比,粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅理论上在口腔中保留更长时间。条制剂显示于表11中。
表11
实例12:牙线
粘蛋白包被的颗粒也可嵌在牙线表面上用于增加的清洁潜力。颗粒在牙线与硬组织最初接触时提供磨损源,然后在牙线使用过程中通过机械作用释放,以提供收集口腔中的松散细菌用于消除的手段。美国专利8,967,161(以引用的方式全文并入本文)描述了具有弹性体基质并含有一种或多种颗粒的牙线组合物。这种牙线可容易地适合于本专利应用,其中在牙线表面上以2%或更高的浓度掺入粘蛋白包被的颗粒。其它“传统”牙线基材也可潜在地与二氧化硅颗粒组合使用。
虽然已关于特定示例(包括实行本发明的当前优选模式)描述了本发明,但是本领域的技术人员应了解,存在上文所述的系统和技术的众多变型和置换。应了解,可利用其它实施例,并且可在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下进行结构和功能修改。因此,本发明的精神和范围应被广义地解释为如随附权利要求书中所陈述的。
Claims (14)
1.用于防止口腔生物膜发展的口腔护理组合物,其包含粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒,其中所述二氧化硅选自具有以下的二氧化硅:
360-410m2/g的N2BET和2-25微米的平均粒度;
30-50m2/g的N2BET和8-12微米的平均粒度;
50-70m2/g的N2BET和8-15微米的平均粒度;或
100-160m2/g的N2BET和10-16微米的平均粒度;或其组合;
金属离子,其选自氧化锌、锌盐、铜盐、铁盐和亚锡盐;
碱性氨基酸,其选自赖氨酸和精氨酸;以及
其中所述组合物按重量计包含0.1至50%的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒含有0.1至10mg粘蛋白/100mg二氧化硅。
3.根据权利要求2所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒含有1mg粘蛋白/100mg二氧化硅。
4.根据权利要求3所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述粘蛋白选自动物来源的粘蛋白、植物来源的粘液或微生物来源的粘液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述动物来源的粘蛋白源自任何脊椎动物物种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述粘蛋白选自牛颌下粘蛋白、猪颌下粘蛋白和猪胃粘蛋白。
7.根据权利要求6所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述粘蛋白包含猪胃粘蛋白。
8.根据权利要求7所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述组合物按重量计包含0.1至20%的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。
9.根据权利要求7所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述组合物按重量计包含0.5至15%的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅颗粒。
10.根据权利要求1所述的口腔护理组合物,其中所述锌盐是柠檬酸锌、乳酸锌、磷酸锌或其组合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的口腔护理组合物,所述组合物为牙膏、凝胶、漱口水、粉末、乳膏、条或口香糖的形式。
12.根据权利要求10所述的口腔护理组合物,所述组合物为薄膜的形式。
13.根据权利要求11所述的口腔护理组合物,所述组合物为牙膏、凝胶或漱口水的形式。
14.根据权利要求8-12中任一项所述的口腔护理组合物,所述组合物还包含提供50至3000ppm的氟化物的有效量的氟离子源。
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CN201680076844.1A Expired - Fee Related CN108430922B (zh) | 2015-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | 用于细菌聚集的粘蛋白包被的二氧化硅 |
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US (1) | US10959932B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3397592B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108430922B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2016381178B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3009072A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2018007838A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017117500A1 (zh) |
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EP3720413A1 (en) | 2017-12-05 | 2020-10-14 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Zinc/amino acid-functionalized silica |
JP2023524338A (ja) * | 2020-01-29 | 2023-06-12 | ヴィルヘナ・ファビアノ・ヴィエイラ | 完全な口腔の健康維持のための有機および無機成分の相乗的関連を伴う口腔組成物、その製造プロセスおよび使用 |
CA3198918A1 (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-28 | 2Qr Research B.V. | Aloe extracts for microbial neutralisation |
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CN103906708A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-07-02 | 旭硝子硅素技术株式会社 | 二氧化硅球状体及亲和载体 |
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- 2016-12-30 MX MX2018007838A patent/MX2018007838A/es unknown
- 2016-12-30 EP EP16882732.7A patent/EP3397592B1/en active Active
- 2016-12-30 WO PCT/US2016/069419 patent/WO2017117500A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-12-30 AU AU2016381178A patent/AU2016381178B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-30 CA CA3009072A patent/CA3009072A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-30 CN CN201680076844.1A patent/CN108430922B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-12-30 US US16/067,014 patent/US10959932B2/en active Active
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CN102006874A (zh) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-04-06 | 英力士保健有限公司 | 用于抑制蛋白酶的二氧化硅 |
CN103906708A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-07-02 | 旭硝子硅素技术株式会社 | 二氧化硅球状体及亲和载体 |
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AU2016381178A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
AU2016381178B2 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
US20190015313A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
EP3397592A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
CA3009072A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
US10959932B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
CN108430922A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
WO2017117500A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
MX2018007838A (es) | 2018-08-15 |
EP3397592B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
EP3397592A4 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
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