CN108417890B - Polymer solid electrolyte material, solid electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polymer solid electrolyte material, solid electrolyte membrane and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108417890B CN108417890B CN201810238985.XA CN201810238985A CN108417890B CN 108417890 B CN108417890 B CN 108417890B CN 201810238985 A CN201810238985 A CN 201810238985A CN 108417890 B CN108417890 B CN 108417890B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a polymer solid electrolyte material, a solid electrolyte membrane and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polymer solid electrolyte material comprises 1-20 wt% of lithium salt, 3-60 wt% of polymer matrix material and 20-96 wt% of silk fibroin. The invention has the advantages that the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, the silk fibroin and the polymer matrix material both contain a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, the rapid conduction of lithium ions is facilitated, and the room temperature ionic conductivity value of the polymer solid electrolyte material can be improved; in addition, due to the alpha-helix and beta-fold structure in the silk fibroin, the high temperature resistance and the mechanical strength of the solid electrolyte material are enhanced, and the growth of lithium dendrites can be inhibited and the penetration by the lithium dendrites can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid electrolytes, in particular to a polymer solid electrolyte material, a solid electrolyte membrane and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electrolytes are an important component in electrochemical devices. At present, an electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery is mainly composed of an organic solvent and a lithium salt. The development of lithium secondary batteries is severely restricted by potential safety hazards such as easy ignition, explosion, leakage and the like of the common organic electrolyte at present.
Polymer solid electrolytes have attracted much attention because they have good follow-on properties and high safety, can prevent leakage of an electrolyte, and do not require a separator. However, the room temperature ionic conductivity of the polymer solid electrolyte is low (10)-5～10-6S cm-1) Limiting its practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a polymer solid electrolyte material, a solid electrolyte membrane and a method for preparing the same, so as to solve the technical problem of low room temperature ionic conductivity.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 1-20 wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 3-60 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 20-96 wt%. Due to the arrangement of the silk fibroin and the polymer matrix material, both the silk fibroin and the polymer matrix material contain a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, the rapid conduction of lithium ions is facilitated, and the room-temperature ionic conductivity value of the polymer solid electrolyte material can be improved through the synergistic effect of the lithium salt, the silk fibroin and the polymer matrix material; in addition, due to the alpha-helix and beta-fold structure in the silk fibroin, the high temperature resistance and the mechanical strength of the solid electrolyte material are enhanced, and the growth of lithium dendrites can be inhibited and the penetration by the lithium dendrites can be prevented.
In one embodiment, the silk fibroin is one or more of mulberry silk fibroin, tussah silk fibroin, amber silk fibroin, cecropin and spider silk fibroin.
In one embodiment, the lithium salt is one or more of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide, lithium difluorosulfonimide, and lithium perchlorate trihydrate.
In one embodiment, the polymer matrix material is one or more of aqueous polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyphenylene oxide, and blends and copolymers thereof.
A polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-9% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20-4 ℃ for later use;
2) adding a polymer matrix material into a silk fibroin aqueous solution under a stirring state, and stirring for 12-48 h to obtain a mixed solution;
3) adding lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 12-48 h to obtain a solid electrolyte solution;
4) and coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mould, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane.
In one embodiment, in the step 3), the stirring speed is 30-500 rpm/min.
In one embodiment, in step 4), the drying process is as follows: drying for 12-48 h at 40-100 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) since the polymer solid electrolyte material is provided with the silk fibroin and the polymer matrix material, both the silk fibroin and the polymer matrix material contain a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, the polymer solid electrolyte material is beneficial to the rapid conduction of lithium ions, and the room-temperature ionic conductivity value of the polymer solid electrolyte material can be improved; in addition, due to the alpha-helix and beta-fold structure in the silk fibroin, the high temperature resistance and the mechanical strength of the solid electrolyte material are enhanced, and the growth of lithium dendrites can be inhibited and the penetration by the lithium dendrites can be prevented. Meanwhile, since silk fibroin has self-extinguishing property and is difficult to continue combustion, the polymer solid electrolyte material and the all-solid-state lithium secondary battery based on the polymer solid electrolyte material can adapt to a working environment with higher temperature (180 ℃ and above), the safety performance of the polymer solid electrolyte material and the all-solid-state lithium secondary battery based on the polymer solid electrolyte material are greatly improved, and the working temperature of other types of polymer solid electrolyte materials is below 100 ℃ at present.
2) The preparation method of the polymer solid electrolyte membrane has the advantages of simple process, low cost and strong adaptability, and the prepared polymer solid electrolyte membrane has higher room-temperature ionic conductivity and is suitable for large-scale production and popularization. In addition, the silk fibroin also has biocompatibility, and provides potential possibility for being implanted into human bodies to work for all-solid-state batteries and micro electronic devices based on the solid electrolyte material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum of a polymer solid electrolyte membrane of example 1 at room temperature;
FIG. 2 is a room temperature AC impedance spectrum of the polymer solid electrolyte membranes of examples 1, 2, 5 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is an electrochemical window test curve of the polymer solid electrolyte membranes of examples 1, 2, 5 and comparative example 1;
fig. 4 is a thermal analysis curve of the polymer solid electrolyte membranes of examples 1, 2, 5 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
A polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 1-20 wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 3-60 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 20-96 wt%. Wherein the silk fibroin is commonly used silk fibroin, preferably but not limited to one or more of mulberry silk fibroin, tussah silk fibroin, amber silk fibroin, silk fibroin and spider silk fibroin.
The lithium salt is a commonly used lithium salt, and is preferably one or more of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium difluorosulfonyl imide and lithium perchlorate trihydrate.
The polymer matrix material is a common polymer matrix material, and is preferably one or a mixture of more of waterborne polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyphenyl ether and blends and copolymers thereof.
A polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material. The polymer solid electrolyte material is processed to obtain a thin film, namely the polymer solid electrolyte film.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-9% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution into a refrigerator with the temperature of-20-4 ℃ for later use. Since silk fibroin is easily deteriorated due to aging, it is required to be stored under low temperature conditions.
2) And adding the polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under stirring, and stirring for 12-48 h to obtain a mixed solution.
Wherein the stirring speed is 30-500 rpm/min.
3) And adding the lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 12-48 h to obtain a solid electrolyte solution.
Wherein the stirring speed is 30-500 rpm/min.
4) And coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mould, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane.
Wherein, the drying treatment process is as follows: drying for 12-48 h at 40-100 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Example 1
A polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 5 wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 30 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 65 wt%.
Wherein the silk fibroin is mulberry silk fibroin. The lithium salt is lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide. The polymer matrix material is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and polyoxyethylene, wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the polyoxyethylene is 1.5: 1.
a polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 6% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
2) adding the polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under stirring, and stirring for 20h to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the stirring speed is 50 rpm/min;
3) adding lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 12 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte solution; the stirring rate was 60 rpm/min.
4) And coating the solid electrolyte solution in a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. Wherein, the drying treatment process is as follows: drying for 48h at 90 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Example 2
A polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 10 wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 40 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 50 wt%.
Wherein the silk fibroin is spider silk fibroin. The lithium salt is a mixture of lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide and lithium perchlorate trihydrate. The polymer matrix material is a single-component waterborne polyurethane emulsion, and specifically comprises the following components: 2-heptanyl-3, 4-bis (9-isocyanatononyl) 1-pentylcyclohexylamine, wherein the mass ratio of lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide to lithium perchlorate trihydrate is 1: 1.
a polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 9% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use;
2) adding a polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under a stirring state, and stirring for 24 hours to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the stirring speed is 150 rpm/min;
3) adding lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 24 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte solution; the stirring rate was 100 rpm/min.
4) And coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mould, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. Wherein, the drying treatment process is as follows: drying for 24h at 80 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Example 3
A polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 15 wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 50 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 35 wt%.
Wherein the silk fibroin is cecropin. The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. The polymer matrix material is a copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polyoxyethylene. The mass ratio of polyethylene glycol to polyoxyethylene is 6: 1.
a polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form 7% (w/v) silk fibroin aqueous solution, and storing in a refrigerator at-5 deg.C for use;
2) adding a polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under a stirring state, and stirring for 36 hours to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the stirring speed is 50 rpm/min;
3) adding lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 20 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte solution; the stirring rate was 200 rpm/min.
4) And coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mould, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. Wherein, the drying treatment process is as follows: drying for 12h at 100 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Example 4
A polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 2 wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 5 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 93 wt%.
Wherein the silk fibroin is amber silkworm silk fibroin. The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate trihydrate. The polymer matrix material is polyphenyl ether.
A polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 6% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for later use;
2) adding a polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under a stirring state, and stirring for 12 hours to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the stirring speed is 200 rpm/min;
3) adding lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 24 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte solution; the stirring rate was 500 rpm/min.
4) And coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mould, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. Wherein, the drying treatment process is as follows: drying for 12h at 100 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Example 5
A polymer solid electrolyte material comprises lithium salt, a polymer matrix material and silk fibroin, wherein the content of the lithium salt is 20wt%, the content of the polymer matrix material is 10 wt%, and the content of the silk fibroin is 70 wt%.
Wherein the silk fibroin is tussah silk fibroin. The lithium salt is lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide. The polymer matrix material is polyoxyethylene.
A polymer solid electrolyte membrane contains the above polymer solid electrolyte material.
A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 5% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;
2) adding a polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under a stirring state, and stirring for 24 hours to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the stirring speed is 30 rpm/min;
3) adding lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 36 hours to obtain a solid electrolyte solution; the stirring rate was 60 rpm/min.
4) And coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mould, and drying to obtain the polymer solid electrolyte membrane. Wherein, the drying treatment process is as follows: drying for 48h at 60 ℃ in a vacuum state.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that silk fibroin was not added in comparative example 1.
Performance testing
The examples 1, 2, 5 and comparative example 1 were subjected to performance tests, the test items and methods are as follows:
fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: the polymer solid electrolyte membrane prepared in example 1 was subjected to fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the infrared spectrum obtained is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, since silk fibroin is added to the polymer solid electrolyte membrane, the polymer solid electrolyte membrane has a special α -helix and β -fold structure, so that the polymer solid electrolyte membrane can work in a high-temperature working environment, and the working adaptability of the polymer solid electrolyte membrane is improved.
The room-temperature ionic conductivity is tested by adopting an alternating-current impedance method: specifically, the prepared polymer solid electrolyte membrane is assembled into a (stainless steel sheet/polymer solid electrolyte membrane/metal lithium sheet) battery by using a circular stainless steel sheet and a metal lithium sheet, and an alternating current impedance test is carried out at room temperature by using an electrochemical workstation; the ionic conductivity σ of the polymer solid electrolyte membrane was calculated by testing the obtained ac impedance spectrum and the formula σ ═ t/RA. Where t is the thickness of the electrolyte membrane, R is the resistance value of the electrolyte membrane, and a is the cross-sectional area of the electrolyte membrane.
The electrochemical working window is tested by adopting cyclic voltammetry: specifically, the prepared polymer solid electrolyte membrane is assembled into a (stainless steel sheet/polymer solid electrolyte membrane/metal lithium sheet) battery by using a circular stainless steel sheet and a metal lithium sheet, and an electrochemical working window test is carried out by using an electrochemical workstation to obtain a linear sweep voltammetry curve.
Maximum operating temperature: and (3) carrying out differential scanning calorimeter test on the prepared polymer solid electrolyte membrane to obtain a thermal analysis curve.
The test results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 2 to 4.
Table 1 comparative table of test results of examples 1, 2 and 5 and comparative example
As can be seen from table 1, the polymer solid electrolyte membranes obtained in examples 1, 2, and 5 of the present invention have better room temperature ionic conductivity and higher electrochemical window than the polymer solid electrolyte membrane obtained in comparative example 1, and can be stably matched with the positive electrode material of the high voltage system, thereby obtaining a solid-state battery with higher energy density; the working temperature is greatly improved, and the method can be applied to harsher environments.
Claims (2)
1. A method for producing a polymer solid electrolyte membrane, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) dissolving 20-96 wt% of silk fibroin in water to form a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-9% (w/v), and placing the silk fibroin aqueous solution in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20-4 ℃ for later use;
2) adding 3-60 wt% of polymer matrix material into the silk fibroin aqueous solution under stirring, and stirring for 12-48 h to obtain a mixed solution;
3) adding 1-20 wt% of lithium salt into the mixed solution, and stirring for 12-48 h to obtain a solid electrolyte solution; the stirring speed is 30-500 rpm/min;
4) coating the solid electrolyte solution in a mold, and drying for 12-48 h at 40-100 ℃ in a vacuum state to obtain a polymer solid electrolyte membrane; the silk fibroin is one or more of mulberry silk fibroin, tussah silk fibroin, amber silk fibroin, tussah silk fibroin and spider silk fibroin; the lithium salt is one or more of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide, lithium bis (fluoro) sulfonyl imide and lithium perchlorate trihydrate; the polymer matrix material is one or a mixture of more of waterborne polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyphenyl ether and blends and copolymers thereof.
2. A polymer solid electrolyte membrane characterized by being prepared as in claim 1.
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| CN110034330B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2021-05-04 | 华北电力大学 | Preparation method of composite solid electrolyte for lithium/sodium battery |
| CN110010370B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-11-10 | 西南大学 | Flexible all-solid-state electrode or super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN110600743B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2022-04-05 | 宁波大学 | Method for inhibiting growth of zinc dendrite in zinc battery |
| CN113078351A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-06 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Solid electrolyte, preparation method thereof and solid battery |
| CN114171783A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-11 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Solid electrolyte and solid battery containing same |
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| JP5434157B2 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2014-03-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
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| "Silk Fibroin Separators: A Step Toward Lithium-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Sustainability";Rui F.P.Pereira，Ricardo Brito-Pereira，Renato Goncalves，et al.;《ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES》;20180125;第10卷(第6期);第5386-5392页，图1、5 * |
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