CN108415064B - Polarization system of diamond color center nucleus - Google Patents
Polarization system of diamond color center nucleus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108415064B CN108415064B CN201810075893.4A CN201810075893A CN108415064B CN 108415064 B CN108415064 B CN 108415064B CN 201810075893 A CN201810075893 A CN 201810075893A CN 108415064 B CN108415064 B CN 108415064B
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009123 feedback regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004471 energy level splitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/32—Measuring polarisation of particles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization system of diamond color center nuclei, which comprises an optical control system, a microwave control system, a magnetic field control system and a control and data acquisition system. The optical control system, the microwave control system and the magnetic field control system are mutually independent and are connected with the data acquisition system and related components through control to form the diamond color center nuclear polarization system. The method of acting on the diamond according to the designed time sequence through laser, microwave, magnetic field and radio frequency multi-physical field can weaken the interaction between the diamond color center and the surrounding nuclei with high sensitivity and high speed, realize the high polarization efficiency of the nuclei, improve the decoherence time for quantum measurement, and provide support for the technologies of quantum computation, quantum sensing, quantum transmission and the like based on the diamond color center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum computation and quantum precision measurement, in particular to a polarization system of a diamond color center nucleus.
Background
Diamond color center nuclear polarization is the basis for quantum precision measurement by using diamond color centers. High concentration diamond material with a high number of diamond color centers13C atom and NV0、P1And various color centers have disordered coupling phenomena. The existing diamond color center nuclear spin polarization system mainly comprises a color center excited state energy level anti-crossing (ESLAC) polarization system under the state of a 500-gauss strong magnetic field and a double resonance polarization system controlled by a microwave radio frequency resonance field and a bias magnetic field. The ESLAC polarization system has large volume, high cost and low nuclear polarization rate of the double-resonance system.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a system for polarisation of diamond colour centre nuclei, the system including: the system comprises a diamond sample, an optical control system, a microwave control system, a magnetic field control system and a control and data acquisition system. Wherein,
the diamond sample is processed by a special process and is fixed on the platform by a fixing device;
the optical control system takes a diamond sample as a core, is arranged in front of and behind the sample, guides modulated laser into the sample and collects a fluorescence signal generated after the interaction with the sample;
the microwave control system takes a diamond sample as a core, is arranged on two sides of the sample, and guides a modulated microwave signal into the diamond sample, and the microwave control system and the optical control system are independent and do not influence each other;
the magnetic field control system contains the diamond sample in the central area of the device, and the optical control system and part of the microwave control system are contained in the magnetic field control system;
the control and data acquisition system is connected with the optical control system and the microwave control system, so that the operation among the systems is uniformly regulated and controlled, and a data result is exported.
Wherein, the optical control system includes: (1) the diamond color center electronic polarization optical path system mainly comprises a laser source, a light beam modulation device and a corresponding optical component, wherein all the components are connected through a spatial optical path; (2) the optical path system mainly comprises a laser source, a light beam modulation device and a corresponding optical component, wherein the components are connected through a spatial optical path, the light beam modulation device is connected with the control and data acquisition system, and the optical path system is mainly used for generating hyperfine energy level transition which is accurately aligned with a diamond color center to realize coherent population trapping and finish the decoupling of the color center and surrounding nuclei; (3) the optical path system mainly comprises a detector, an optical path regulator and related components, wherein all the components are connected through a spatial optical path, the detector is connected with the control and data acquisition system, and the optical path system is mainly used for performing photon sideband fluorescence collection detection and zero phonon line detection on diamond color center fluorescence and tracking and observing the spin polarization condition of diamond color center nuclei.
Wherein, microwave control system includes: the system comprises a microwave source, a switch, an amplifier, a transmission antenna and a load, wherein the microwave source and the switch are connected with the control and data acquisition system, and the system is used for generating a microwave pulse sequence for controlling the diamond color center electrons to overturn between the ground state quantum states.
Wherein the magnetic field manipulation system comprises: the system controls the magnetic field generating device by regulating and controlling the power supply to generate accurate current, and further generates a stable magnetic field which enables diamond color center electrons to generate Zeeman splitting.
The control and data acquisition system comprises a design time sequence for joint debugging, system feedback regulation and control and data acquisition and processing of the three control systems.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method acts on a diamond sample according to a designed time sequence through laser, microwave and magnetic field multi-physical fields, the interaction between a diamond color center and surrounding nuclei is weakened highly sensitively and quickly, the coherent population trapping polarization technology is combined, the population number of the quantum state of the trapping color center is reduced, the uniform broadening of the diamond color center is reduced, and meanwhile, the diamond color center is reduced14The coupling of the N nuclear spin ensemble and the cluttered environment enables the hyperfine energy level to be clearer, and the hyperfine energy level is accurately controlled to realize14N nuclear spin ensemble polarization. The system has the advantages of high reaction rate, simple experimental environment and good robustness. The system can provide hyperfine energy level high precision easy to align for stable polarization state, and can prolong the decoherence time of diamond color center to a certain extent for stabilization14The decoupling process of the N nuclear spin ensemble polarization state provides time guarantee. In the experiment of quantum precision measurement by using the diamond color center, the decoherence time for quantum measurement can be effectively improved, so that the sensitivity of quantum measurement based on the diamond color center is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a diamond color center nuclear polarization system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diamond color center electron polarization optical path system in an optical manipulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a diamond color center coherent layout confinement nuclear spin decoupling optical path system in an optical manipulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fluorescence collection detection optical path system in an optical manipulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a microwave control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a polarization system for diamond color center nuclei according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a diamond color center nuclear polarization system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the essential technical core of the system includes: diamond sample 101, optical manipulation system 105, microwave manipulation system 104, magnetic field manipulation system 103, control and data acquisition system 102. Wherein,
the diamond sample 101 is processed by a special process and is fixed on a platform by a fixing device;
the optical control system 105 takes a diamond sample as a core, is arranged in front of and behind the sample, guides modulated laser into the sample and collects a fluorescence signal generated after the interaction with the sample;
the microwave control system 104 takes a diamond sample as a core, is arranged on two sides of the sample, and guides a modulated microwave signal into the diamond sample, and the microwave control system and the optical control system are independent from each other and do not influence each other;
the magnetic field control system 103 contains the diamond sample in the central area of the device, and the optical control system and part of the microwave control system are contained in the magnetic field control system;
the control and data acquisition system 102 is connected to both the optical control system and the microwave control system, and is used for uniformly controlling the operation among the systems and deriving data results.
The control and data acquisition system controls the optical control system, the microwave control system and the magnetic field control system by designing a time sequence, so that the system operates according to the method, a mixed pulse sequence of laser, microwave and magnetic field is generated to act on the diamond sample, the interaction between the color center of the diamond and surrounding nuclei is weakened at high sensitivity and high reaction speed, and the nuclear polarization is realized. The decoherence time for quantum measurement is improved, so that the sensitivity of diamond color center quantum measurement is improved.
The essential technical core of the optical control system comprises a diamond color center polarization system, a diamond color center coherent layout imprisoned nuclear spin decoupling optical path system and a fluorescence collection detection optical path system. The optical manipulation system is mainly characterized in that: and the preparation of polarizing the diamond color center is completed, and the decoupling of the color center and the nucleus and the collection and detection of a fluorescence signal are completed under the cooperation of a microwave and magnetic field control system. For convenience of explanation, the composition and operation of each subsystem will be described.
The main components of the diamond color center polarization system are a laser source, a light beam modulation device and a corresponding optical component, wherein the components are connected through a spatial light path, the light beam modulation device is connected with a control and data acquisition system, and the light path system is mainly used for completing the quantum state polarization of diamond color center electrons. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diamond color center polarization optical path system in an optical manipulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, laser generated by a laser 201 passes through an isolator 202, a first acousto-optic modulator 203, a first dichroic mirror 204, and a modulation wave plate 205 in sequence to adjust optical path characteristics, and then is converged by a confocal objective 206 to act on a diamond sample, and the diamond sample is prepared to a special quantum state by using special energy level characteristics of a diamond color center, where the first acousto-optic modulator 203 is manipulated by the control and data acquisition system 102. The reflection lens 207 of the diamond color center polarization optical path system reflects the fluorescence emitted by the diamond sample 101 and guides the fluorescence into the fluorescence collection detection optical path system.
As an option, the main components of the diamond color center coherent layout trapping nuclear spin decoupling optical path system are a laser source, a light beam modulation device and corresponding optical components, wherein the components are connected through a spatial optical path, the light beam modulation device is connected with a control and data acquisition system, and the optical path system is mainly used for generating hyperfine energy level transition which is accurately aligned with the diamond color center to realize coherent population trapping to complete the decoupling of the color center and surrounding nuclei. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optically-controlled diamond color center coherent layout confinement nuclear spin decoupling optical path system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Using 2 tunable lasers, i.e. a second tunable laser 301 and a third tunable laser 305, after the second tunable laser 301 passes through a second isolator 302, a second acousto-optic modulator 303 and a frequency locker 304 are used to strictly lock the frequency of the second tunable laser 301 between two energy levels corresponding to the color center. The laser light emitted by the third tunable laser 305 passes through the third isolator 306, then passes through the third acousto-optic modulator 307, the first waveguide modulator 308, the second waveguide modulator 309, and then is converged by the first polarization splitting prism 310 together with the laser light emitted by the second tunable laser 301, and then enters the first detector 311 for frequency-division, and then the frequency of the third tunable laser 305 is precisely controlled by the feedback differential circuit 312. The modulated two laser beams act on the diamond sample 101 through the polarization beam splitter 402 to perform the decoupling of the color center and the nucleus. The second acousto-optic modulator 303, the third acousto-optic modulator 307, the first waveguide modulator 308, the second waveguide modulator 309 and the first detector 311 are all connected with the control and data acquisition system 102.
As an option, the main components of the fluorescence collection detection optical path system are a detector, an optical path regulator and related components, wherein the components are connected through a spatial optical path, the detector is connected with a control and data acquisition system, and the optical path system is mainly used for performing photon sideband fluorescence collection detection and zero phonon line detection on diamond color center fluorescence and tracking and observing the condition of the spin polarization of diamond color center nuclei. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optically-operated fluorescence collection detection optical path system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The returned fluorescence of the diamond sample 101 is filtered by the first dichroic mirror 204 to remove laser for polarization, the light beam is separated by the second dichroic mirror 401, and the reflected part of the fluorescence enters the second detector 406 for sideband fluorescence detection; the transmitted fluorescence reversely passes through the second beam splitter prism 402, then passes through the polarization detection device 403 composed of a modulation wave plate and a third bias beam splitter prism 403 for polarization detection, and enters the third detector 405 for zero-phonon line detection after being modulated by the beam adjuster 404. The sideband fluorescence detection signal and the zero phonon line detection signal are subjected to differential processing through a differential device 407, and the obtained differential signal is input into an analyzer 408 for signal analysis to detect the polarization condition of the diamond color center nucleus. Wherein the analyzer 408 is coupled to the control and data acquisition system 102.
Alternatively, the microwave steering system comprises the following essential components: a microwave source, a switch, an amplifier, a transmission antenna, and a load. The microwave source is connected with the switch control and data acquisition system. The system is used for generating a microwave pulse sequence for controlling the turnover of diamond color center electrons between ground state quantum states, and realizing quantum state control between diamond color center energy level splitting. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a microwave control method according to an embodiment of the present invention; the microwave source 501 generates a microwave signal under the operation of the control and data acquisition system 102, the control and data acquisition system 102 operates the microwave switch 502 to cut off and intercept the microwave emitted by the microwave source to form a pulse sequence, the pulse sequence passes through the amplifier 503 and acts on the diamond sample 101 through the microwave antenna, and finally the microwave is cut off from the load 504. Different microwave sequences can be formed by designing the time sequence control switch state so as to improve the quantum state control effect.
Alternatively, the magnetic field manipulation system includes the diamond sample 101 in a central region of the device, and the optical manipulation system and the microwave manipulation system are included in the magnetic field manipulation system. The necessary components of the magnetic field control system are a magnetic field generating device and a current source. The necessary technical core of the magnetic field manipulation method comprises the precise manipulation of the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. The main characteristics are as follows: providing necessary magnetic field environment condition for the nuclear polarization around the diamond color center. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a three-axis Hertz coil 103 is selected to precisely control the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field by current.
As an option, the necessary technical core of the control and data acquisition system includes designing a timing sequence to perform joint debugging, system feedback regulation and control, and data acquisition and processing on the three control systems. The main characteristics are as follows: and providing a time sequence signal to control the laser, microwave and magnetic field system to complete the nuclear polarization, and acquiring and analyzing data. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the control and data acquisition system 102 generates a first acousto-optic modulator 202 in a design timing control diamond color center polarization system; a second acousto-optic modulator, a third acousto-optic modulator, a first waveguide modulator 308 and a second waveguide modulator 309 in the diamond color center coherent layout confinement nuclear spin decoupling optical path system; a microwave source 501 and a microwave switch 502 in the microwave control system; and collects the signal data of the first detector 311, the second detector 406, and the third detector 405 for analysis.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a polarization system for diamond color center nuclei according to an embodiment of the present invention. The polarization system comprises the system described in fig. 2-5, a magnetic field manipulation system. The optical, microwave and magnetic field control systems are mutually independent and are connected with the data acquisition system and related components through control to form the diamond color center nuclear polarization system. The laser, the microwave and the magnetic field are used for acting on the diamond according to the designed time sequence, the interaction between the color center of the diamond and the surrounding nuclei is weakened at high sensitivity and high reaction speed, the polarization of the nuclei is realized, and the decoherence time for quantum measurement is improved, so that the sensitivity based on the quantum measurement of the color center of the diamond is improved, and the types of detection modes are increased.
Portions of the invention not disclosed in detail are well within the skill of the art.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (4)
1. A polarization system of diamond color center nuclei, characterized in that: the system comprises: diamond sample, optical control system, microwave control system, magnetic field control system, control and data acquisition system, wherein:
the diamond sample is fixed on the platform by a fixing device;
the optical control system takes a diamond sample as a core, is arranged in front of and behind the sample, guides modulated laser into the sample and collects a fluorescence signal generated after the interaction with the sample;
the microwave control system takes a diamond sample as a core, is arranged on two sides of the sample, and guides a modulated microwave signal into the diamond sample, and the microwave control system and the optical control system are independent and do not influence each other;
the magnetic field control system contains the diamond sample in the central area of the device, and the optical control system and part of the microwave control system are contained in the magnetic field control system;
the control and data acquisition system is connected with the optical control system and the microwave control system, so that the operation among the systems is uniformly regulated and controlled and data results are exported;
wherein, the optical control system includes: (1) the diamond color center electronic polarization optical path system mainly comprises a laser source, an isolator, an acousto-optic modulator, a dichroic mirror, a modulation wave plate, a co-focusing objective lens and a reflection lens, wherein all the components are connected through a spatial optical path; (2) the diamond color center coherent population trapping nuclear spin decoupling optical path system mainly comprises 2 tunable lasers, an isolator, an acousto-optic modulator, a frequency locker, a polarization beam splitter prism, a waveguide modulator and a feedback differential circuit, wherein all the components are connected through a spatial optical path, the acousto-optic modulator and the waveguide modulator of a light beam modulator are connected with the control and data acquisition system, and the optical path system mainly acts on generating hyperfine energy level transition which is accurately aligned with the diamond color center to realize coherent population trapping to finish the decoupling of the color center and surrounding nuclei; (3) the fluorescence collection detection optical path system mainly comprises a detector, a modulation wave plate, a bias beam splitter prism, a dichroic mirror, a light beam regulator, a difference device and an analyzer, wherein all the components are connected through a spatial optical path, the analyzer is connected with the control and data acquisition system, and the optical path system is mainly used for carrying out photon sideband fluorescence collection detection and zero phonon line detection on diamond color center fluorescence and tracking and observing the spin polarization condition of diamond color center nuclei.
2. A polarization system for diamond color center nuclei according to claim 1, wherein: the microwave control system comprises: the system comprises a microwave source, a switch, an amplifier, a transmission antenna and a load, wherein the microwave source and the switch are connected with the control and data acquisition system, and the system is used for generating a microwave pulse sequence for controlling the diamond color center electrons to overturn between the ground state quantum states.
3. A polarization system for diamond color center nuclei according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field manipulation system comprises: the system controls the magnetic field generating device by regulating and controlling the power supply to generate accurate current, and further generates a stable magnetic field which enables diamond color center electrons to generate Zeeman splitting.
4. A polarization system for diamond color center nuclei according to claim 1, wherein: the control and data acquisition system comprises a design time sequence for joint debugging, system feedback regulation and control and data acquisition processing of the three control systems.
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| CN109946281A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-06-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of the quantum sensing device and method of the solid defects colour center based on transparent material microwave antenna |
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| WO2014166883A1 (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-16 | Universitaet Ulm | Method for the hyperpolarisation of nuclear spin in a diamond via a long-range interaction |
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