CN108414358A - A kind of device measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area - Google Patents
A kind of device measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414358A CN108414358A CN201810501356.1A CN201810501356A CN108414358A CN 108414358 A CN108414358 A CN 108414358A CN 201810501356 A CN201810501356 A CN 201810501356A CN 108414358 A CN108414358 A CN 108414358A
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to detection device technical fields, are related to a kind of device measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area.The device includes photomicrographic system, rotary chuck and control cabinet, the photomicrographic system be used to shoot the tensile sample different location photo;The rotary chuck realizes the clamping and rotation of the tensile sample under the straighforward operation of the control cabinet.Utilize the device of measurement the tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area of the present invention, tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area can be measured by shirtsleeve operation in the case where not destroying fracture, and be particularly suitable for the measurement of poisonous and harmful tensile failure sample.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to detection device technical field, it is related to a kind of measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area
Device.
Background technology
Tensile property is the fundamental mechanics performance of material, and the performances such as material plasticity and intensity can be obtained by extension test
Characterization parameter includes mainly:Elongation after fracture (A), the contraction percentage of area (Z), yield strength and tensile strength etc., wherein A and Z are
Characterize the important parameter of material plasticity.
As shown in Figure 1, when measuring A and Z, generally requires and first the two-part stretching fracture 21 that material disconnects coincides with one another
Docking, and while docking must make that stretching fracture 21 is completely superposed and section is coaxial, with replica tensile failure sample when disconnecting
Whole pattern;Then the length of gauge length section and necking section after replica is measured again;Finally calculated respectively by normalized form
Obtain A and Z.
The key of the above A and Z measurement process is that the stretching fracture 21 of tensile failure sample docks replica, and the operation is more
Finely, it is generally operated and is completed by human hand.But it docks replica using human hand operation stretching fracture 21 to have the following disadvantages:
(1) when human hand operation stretching fracture 21 docks replica, contact, friction meeting pair between inevitable stretching fracture 21
The pattern of the stretching fracture 21 of sample damages, to influence the micro-analysis of subsequent stretching fracture 21;
(2) when human hand operation stretching fracture 21 docks replica, operation skill and working condition to operating personnel require height,
It is the tension of the docking operation of stretching fracture 21, excessively loose or not coaxial, deviation caused by manual operation can all occur;
(3) special for some, poisonous and hazardous tensile failure sample, such as radioactive sample and corrosion sample, by
It is harmful in sample, human hand operation can not be carried out.
Deviation caused by order to reduce human hand operation fracture docking, has developed some auxiliary devices for pole sample at present
The fracture of product docks.But such auxiliary device needs testing crew to lock sample on device collet, and rotates sample
Make fracture coincide to dock, have the following problems:
(1) it when device operates can not avoid that fracture surface of sample is caused to damage;
(2) device needs testing crew to be operated, therefore is only applicable to the operation of common material, can not be suitable for toxic
Harmful sample, such as radioactive sample and the operation for corroding sample;
(3) operation of device is relatively simple for testing crew, but still more multiple for automation auxiliary device
It is miscellaneous, therefore when carrying out the experiment of poisonous and harmful sample, (such as due to automation auxiliary device:Remote mechanical hand) it is only capable of realizing letter
Single operation acts and can not be competent at.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of devices measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area, with can
Tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area are measured by shirtsleeve operation in the case where not destroying fracture, and especially suitable
Measurement for poisonous and harmful tensile failure sample.
In order to achieve this, in the embodiment on basis, the present invention provides a kind of measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture
With the device of the contraction percentage of area, the device includes photomicrographic system, rotary chuck and control cabinet,
The photomicrographic system be used to shoot the tensile sample different location photo;
The rotary chuck realizes the clamping and rotation of the tensile sample under the straighforward operation of the control cabinet
Turn.
In a preferred embodiment, a kind of measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture of present invention offer and section shrinkage
The device of rate, wherein the photomicrographic system includes high definition camera lens, Image Acquisition/control unit and display,
Image Acquisition/the control unit is connect with the high definition camera lens, the display respectively, is used for institute
The picture signal conversion for the high definition camera lens acquisition stated is sent to the display and is shown, and controls and preserve the high definition
The high definition picture of camera lens acquisition.
In a preferred embodiment, a kind of measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture of present invention offer and section shrinkage
The device of rate, wherein the rotary chuck includes Suo Zui mechanisms and rotary drive mechanism,
The Suo Zui mechanisms are used to be clamped the tensile sample, and prolixity nozzle retaining part is rounded, when prolixity nozzle opens
Internal diameter size is slightly larger than the tensile sample retaining part size, and internal diameter size is slightly less than the stretching examination when prolixity nozzle clamps
Sample retaining part size;
The rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the rotation of the tensile sample of clamping.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, a kind of measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture of present invention offer and section
The device of shrinking percentage, wherein the control cabinet includes prolixity nozzle control unit and rotation control unit,
The prolixity nozzle control unit is connected with the Suo Zui mechanisms, the opening for controlling prolixity nozzle and clamping;
The rotation control unit is connected with the rotary drive mechanism, the rotation for controlling the Suo Zui mechanisms
Turn.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are utilize measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area of the invention
Device can measure tensile sample elongation after fracture and section shrinkage in the case where not destroying fracture by shirtsleeve operation
Rate, and it is particularly suitable for the measurement of poisonous and harmful tensile failure sample.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
(1) easy to operate.Other than needing test sample end being put into rotary chuck, other operations can pass through control
Case is realized.
(2) test sample fracture is not destroyed.The docking replica of test sample is carried out by photo, test sample fracture
Between do not have to contact.
(3) measurement of poisonous and harmful sample can be conveniently used in.It, can be by microphotograph when measuring poisonous and harmful sample
System and rotary chuck are placed in shielding area (such as:Hot cell) in, control cabinet is placed in outside safety zone, then utilize manipulator or
Tensile failure sample is fitted into the measurement that test sample can be completed in Pneumatic rotary collet by other Simple assisting devices.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the artificial fracture of the tensile failure material sample of the prior art docks replica principle schematic.
Fig. 2 is the composition knot for measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the device of the contraction percentage of area of the illustrative present invention
Composition.
Fig. 3 is to be realized using the device for measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area of the illustrative present invention
The principle schematic of tensile sample replica synthesis.
Specific implementation mode
The composed structure of the measurement tensile sample elongation after fracture of the illustrative present invention and the device of the contraction percentage of area is such as
Shown in Fig. 2, including photomicrographic system 8, rotary chuck 9 and control cabinet 10.
Photomicrographic system 8 be used for shoot tensile sample 11 different location photo.Photomicrographic system 8 includes high definition
Camera lens 1, Image Acquisition/control unit 3 and display 2.Image Acquisition/control unit 3 connects with high definition camera lens 1, display 2 respectively
It connects, the picture signal conversion for acquiring high definition camera lens 1 is sent to display 2 and shows, and controls and preserve high definition camera lens 1
The high definition picture of acquisition.
Rotary chuck 9 realizes the clamping and rotation of tensile sample 11 under the straighforward operation of control cabinet 10.Rotary chuck 9 wraps
Kuo Suo nozzles mechanism 5 and rotary drive mechanism 4.Suo Zui mechanisms 5 are used for grab tensile sample 11, and prolixity nozzle retaining part is rounded,
Internal diameter size is slightly larger than 11 retaining part size of tensile sample when nozzle of tremnbling opens, and internal diameter size is slightly less than stretching examination when prolixity nozzle clamps
11 retaining part size of sample.Rotary drive mechanism 4 is used to drive the rotation of the tensile sample 11 of clamping.
Control cabinet 10 includes prolixity nozzle control unit 7 and rotation control unit 6.Prolixity nozzle control unit 7 and 5 phase of Suo Zui mechanisms
Even, the opening for controlling prolixity nozzle and clamping.Rotation control unit 6 is connected with rotary drive mechanism 4, for controlling Suo Zui mechanisms
5 rotation.
The illustrative method of tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area is measured using the device of above-mentioned example
Include the following steps (Some principles are referring to Fig. 3):
(1) 11 post-rift two sections of priorities of tensile sample are packed into Suo Zui mechanisms 5;
(2) it utilizes control cabinet 10 to realize the clamping and rotation of tensile sample 11, and is taken using 8 priority of photomicrographic system
The photo for the gauge length section 34 that 11 post-rift two sections of tensile sample;
(3) to 11 post-rift two sections of progress splits of tensile sample on different photos, so that fracture fits like a glove;
(4) the gauge length L that has no progeny for splicing sample of having no progeny is measuredu(A4 i.e. in figure below of Fig. 3 is the first gauge length line 31 and the
The distance between two gauge length lines 32) and the minimum diameter d that has no progenyu(the B2 i.e. in figure below of Fig. 3 splices the fracture of sample most
Minor diameter) length in pixels, using measure before photograph pixel length and actual size obtained by calibrating relationship, conversion obtain Lu
And duActual size, be thus calculated elongation after fracture A and contraction percentage of area Z, calculation formula difference is as follows:
In formula,
LuTogether for closed butt joint after sample disconnection, and ensure to survey when two-part axis is located on the same line
The gauge length measured, unit mm;
L0For according to the gauge length between the first gauge length line 31 and the second gauge length line 32 of the primary sample for stretching standard formulation
Length (see the upper figure of Fig. 3, i.e. distance A1 in the figure), unit mm;
duTogether for closed butt joint after sample disconnection, and ensure to survey when two-part axis is located on the same line
The minimum diameter of amount, unit mm;
d0For the minimum cross sectional diameter (see the upper figure of Fig. 3, i.e. distance B1 in the figure) of primary sample gauge length section, unit
mm。
In addition, explaining such as other relative theories in Fig. 3 for not being mentioned in the method for the present invention of above-mentioned example
Under.
First gauge length line 31 and the second gauge length line 32 are that the sample being combined into one respectively before the fracture of tensile sample 11 is flat
Two straight lines perpendicular to 11 axis of tensile sample portrayed in row section 33.Gauge length section 34 is that tensile sample 11 is located at the first gauge length
One section between line 31 and the second gauge length line 32.The length of gauge length section 34 generally takes the integral multiple of 5mm, such as 5mm, 10mm, tool
Body value is formulated according to tension test standard.In the middle figure of Fig. 3, for 11 post-rift two sections of tensile sample, A2
For one gauge length line 31 to the distance of section, A3 is distance of the second gauge length line 32 to section.
When the tensile sample 11 that the above method measures is poisonous and harmful sample, especially radioactive sample or corrosivity sample
When, photomicrographic system 8 and rotary chuck 9 are placed in shielding area (such as hot cell), control cabinet 10 is placed in outside shielding area,
And tensile sample 11 is fitted into Suo Zui mechanisms 5 using manipulator or other Simple assisting devices.
The operation of the method for above-mentioned example is exemplified below.
(1) tensile sample 11 post-rift one sections (in Fig. 3 left sections) is placed in Suo Zui mechanisms 5 (for releasing orientation);
(2) operation control box 10, the end of 5 garter extension sample 11 of Shi Suo nozzles mechanism;
(3) operation control box 10 make the first gauge length line 31 of tensile sample 11 just facing towards photomicrographic system 8;
(4) photomicrographic system 8 is operated, the photo that can clearly reflect 11 gauge length section of tensile sample, 34 pattern is taken;
(5) step (1) to (4) is repeated, the gauge length section 34 of post-rift another section of tensile sample 11 (in Fig. 3 right section) is taken
The photo of pattern;
(6) it is synthesized by picture, 11 post-rift two sections of samples of tensile sample is synthesized into an entirety;
(7) gauge length section 34 and the minimum diameter d that has no progeny in synthesising picture are measureduLength in pixels;
(8) it according to the unit pixel length-actual size relationship demarcated before experiment, carries out simple conversion and obtains gauge length section
The 34 and minimum diameter d that has no progenyuActual size length;
(9) finally, elongation after fracture A and contraction percentage of area Z can be obtained by the calculating of foregoing calculation formula.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
God and range.If in this way, belonging to the model of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technology to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within enclosing, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.Above-described embodiment or embodiment are only to the present invention
For example, the present invention can also be implemented with other ad hoc fashions or other particular form, without departing from the present invention's
Main idea or substantive characteristics.Therefore, it is regarded as from the point of view of the embodiment of description is in terms of any illustrative and non-limiting.This
The range of invention should be illustrated that any variation equivalent with the intention and range of claim also should include by appended claims
Within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of device measuring tensile sample elongation after fracture and the contraction percentage of area, it is characterised in that:The device includes
Photomicrographic system, rotary chuck and control cabinet,
The photomicrographic system be used to shoot the tensile sample different location photo;
The rotary chuck realizes the clamping and rotation of the tensile sample under the straighforward operation of the control cabinet.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The photomicrographic system includes high definition camera lens, image
Acquisition/control unit and display,
Image Acquisition/the control unit is connect with the high definition camera lens, the display respectively, and being used for will be described
The picture signal conversion of high definition camera lens acquisition is sent to the display and is shown, and controls and preserve the high definition camera lens
The high definition picture of acquisition.
3. the apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The rotary chuck includes that Suo Zui mechanisms and rotation drive
Mechanism,
The Suo Zui mechanisms are used to be clamped the tensile sample, and prolixity nozzle retaining part is rounded, internal diameter when prolixity nozzle opens
Size is slightly larger than the tensile sample retaining part size, and internal diameter size is slightly less than the tensile sample folder when prolixity nozzle clamps
Hold spot size;
The rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the rotation of the tensile sample of clamping.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The control cabinet includes that prolixity nozzle control unit and rotation are controlled
Unit processed,
The prolixity nozzle control unit is connected with the Suo Zui mechanisms, the opening for controlling prolixity nozzle and clamping;
The rotation control unit is connected with the rotary drive mechanism, the rotation for controlling the Suo Zui mechanisms.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109470162A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-15 | 上海第二工业大学 | A kind of atomizer micropore hole shape intelligent checking system and method based on machine vision |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109470162B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-11-10 | 上海第二工业大学 | Intelligent detection system and method for micropore shape of oil nozzle based on machine vision |
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