CN108414316B - Movable universal metallographic sample polishing and grinding clamp and method for clamping sample by using same - Google Patents
Movable universal metallographic sample polishing and grinding clamp and method for clamping sample by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414316B CN108414316B CN201810185807.5A CN201810185807A CN108414316B CN 108414316 B CN108414316 B CN 108414316B CN 201810185807 A CN201810185807 A CN 201810185807A CN 108414316 B CN108414316 B CN 108414316B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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Abstract
A movable general metallographic specimen polishing and grinding clamp and a method for clamping a specimen by applying the same are characterized in that a driving element is fixedly arranged at the middle section of a horizontal cross frame of a portal-shaped support frame; the end part of a push rod, which extends out of the driving element towards the inner side of the door-shaped support frame, is fixed on the clamp body shell; a sector gear is rotatably arranged in the clamp body shell, and the tooth surface of the sector gear is meshed with the rack shaft; the lower end of the rack shaft movably clamps the upper transverse sections of a left T-shaped connecting plate and a right T-shaped connecting plate with opposite openings; the lower transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates are respectively fixed with a left fastening block and a right fastening block; the opposite sides of the two fastening blocks enclose a sample clamping cavity, and the opposite sides are inclined planes with opposite inclination directions and matched with the left and right inclined inner side walls of the clamp body shell; the second elastic element is used for pressing the left fastening block and the right fastening block downwards; the device has the characteristics of convenience in operation, automatic and precise control of movement, convenience in movement, stable clamping, sample level guarantee, wide applicability and strong universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallographic analysis test equipment, in particular to a polishing and grinding clamp device used in a metallographic specimen preparation process.
Background
Metallographic analysis is one of means for analyzing materials, can show the real microstructure structure of the materials, and a metallographic sample which can be used for microscopic observation and inspection needs to be prepared for metallographic analysis. In metallographic analysis it is important to prepare a representative sample. Generally, metallographic specimen preparation is carried out by the following steps: sampling, polishing, etching, etc. On a stepless speed change polishing and grinding machine, an experimenter usually clamps a metallographic specimen by hands, so that the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and dangerous. For the situation, the common processing method is to adopt a sample preparation process of firstly inlaying and then preparing to complete sample preparation, but inlaying of the sample not only means inlaying and inlaying materials, but also cannot be reused, is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and wastes resources.
At present, a metallographic sample is clamped by using special clamps and then is ground and polished, the defects of manual clamping and metallographic sample embedding can be overcome by the method, but the special clamp can only aim at a sample with a specification and a shape, but the universality cannot be realized. The metallographic specimen is clamped tightly, but the metallographic specimen still needs to be held by hands, so that the levelness of the to-be-polished surface of the metallographic specimen cannot be guaranteed, the polished surface is inclined, and observation and analysis of a microstructure are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a movable general metallographic specimen polishing and grinding clamp and a method for clamping a specimen by using the same, and the movable general metallographic specimen polishing and grinding clamp has the characteristics of convenience in operation, automatic and precise control of movement, convenience in movement, stable clamping, guarantee of specimen level, wide applicability and strong universality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
portable general metallographic specimen grinds anchor clamps, its characterized in that:
the 'door' -shaped support frame comprises a horizontal cross frame and two support upright posts respectively arranged at two ends of the horizontal cross frame, a driving element is fixedly arranged at the middle section of the cross frame, a sucker type electromagnet base is arranged at the bottom of each support upright post, and the two support upright posts are movably arranged on the cross frame and can move along the length direction of the cross frame and be locked at different positions so as to change the distance between the two support upright posts;
the driving element extends out of the push rod towards the inner side of the door-shaped support frame perpendicular to the transverse frame, and the end part of the push rod is fixed with the clamp body shell and can push the clamp body shell to move up and down;
a sector gear is rotatably arranged in the shell of the clamp body, and the tooth surface of the sector gear is meshed with a vertically-arranged rack shaft; the sector gear is also provided with a locking element for locking the movement position of the gear rack;
the lower end of the rack shaft movably clamps the upper transverse sections of a left T-shaped connecting plate and a right T-shaped connecting plate with opposite openings, and the two T-shaped connecting plates can transversely translate relative to the rack shaft in a vertical direction under the action of external force; the lower transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates are respectively fixed with a left fastening block and a right fastening block;
the opposite side of the left fastening block and the right fastening block is encircled into a sample clamping cavity, and a first elastic element is pressed in the sample clamping cavity; the side, back to the right fastening block, of the left fastening block is an inclined plane with the opposite inclined direction, and the inclined plane is matched with the left inclined inner side wall and the right inclined inner side wall of the clamp body shell respectively;
second elastic elements are respectively pressed between the left fastening block and the clamp body shell and between the right fastening block and the clamp body shell, and the left fastening block and the right fastening block are pressed downwards;
when the sector gear rotates, the rack shaft is driven to move up and down along the shaft, the left fastening block and the right fastening block can move transversely along the inclined inner side wall of the shell of the clamp body, are far away from each other or are close to each other along with the rack shaft in the process of moving up and down, and therefore the size of the sample clamping cavity is changed.
The door-shaped support frame is used for fixing the position of the polishing clamp body; the driving element is used for realizing the vertical movement of the polishing clamp body, and the polishing clamp body is used for realizing the fastening of a metallographic specimen and the maintenance of the levelness of the metallographic specimen.
Further, the driving element is a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, or the driving element is preferably a servo electric cylinder controlled by a jog switch, the servo electric cylinder is controlled by a closed loop servo, a pressure sensor used for monitoring the contact pressure of a metallographic sample and the surface of a polishing disc is arranged on the clamp, and the control circuit of the jog switch is connected through a signal circuit so as to realize the thrust of the precise control push rod and achieve the purpose that the shell of the clamp automatically and precisely moves up and down.
Furthermore, the side faces of one side, opposite to the left fastening block and the right fastening block, of the left fastening block and the right fastening block are respectively a concave V-shaped face and a concave T-shaped face, openings of the two side faces are opposite, two V-shaped inclined faces and a T-shaped bottom face form three clamping faces of the sample clamping cavity, the metallographic sample can be clamped stably and reliably, only one clamp can finish a polishing and grinding experiment, and the universality of the clamp device is ensured; in addition, can also be through changing different inside angles or not equidimension left fastening block and right fastening block when necessary to the realization is handled the polishing and grinding of metallographic specimen of different shapes and size, extensive applicability, commonality are strong.
Further, the second elastic element comprises a spring and a guide rod movably arranged in the spring; the left fastening block and the corresponding positions of the inner cavity of the clamp body shell above the left fastening block, the right fastening block and the inner cavity of the clamp body shell above the right fastening block are respectively and vertically provided with mounting holes, two ends of the guide rod are arranged in the mounting holes and can move up and down in the mounting holes, and the vertical motion of the spring is ensured by adopting a movable fit mode. This spring assembly can guarantee all the time that left fastening block, right fastening block receive decurrent pretension effect at the up-and-down motion in-process, play the effect that compresses tightly the fastening block constantly, when throwing the mill and handling, can compress tightly the fastening block through rack and pinion structure and spring assembly are dual.
Further, sector gear rotates and installs on left sector gear shaft fixed block and right sector gear shaft fixed block, and left sector gear shaft fixed block and right sector gear shaft fixed block pass through the bolt fastening on the anchor clamps body shell backplate, the dismouting of being convenient for is debugged.
Still further, the locking element is a pawl assembly comprising a slider, a pawl and a tension spring; a sliding groove is formed in the left sector gear shaft fixing block or the right sector gear shaft fixing block along the rotating axial direction of the sector gear, a sliding block capable of sliding left and right along the length direction of a groove cavity is arranged in the sliding groove, and a locking bolt is arranged between the sliding block and the sliding groove; a pawl matched with the sector gear is rotatably arranged on the sliding block, one end of the tensioning spring is fixed on the sliding block, and the other end of the tensioning spring is elastically stretched and arranged on the pawl; initially, the pawl assembly and the sector gear are disengaged from each other; when the sector gear rotates to drive the rack shaft to move downwards to a proper position, the sliding block slides to a matching position with the sector gear along the sliding groove, the locking bolt is screwed in to lock the sliding block in the sliding groove, and the pawl locks the sector gear at the moment to prevent the sector gear from rotating reversely under the action of elastic abutting pressure of the second elastic element; when the rack shaft is required to move upwards, the sliding block slides rightwards along the sliding groove and is separated from the matching position with the sector gear. The purpose of self-locking the rack shaft and pressing the fastening block is realized by controlling the pawl assembly to move left and right to limit the upward movement of the rack shaft.
Furthermore, the upper cross sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates are provided with half holes with opposite openings, and the lower end of the rack shaft is provided with an I-shaped stepped shaft section; the upper transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates are inserted into openings at two sides of the I-shaped stepped shaft section, and the two half holes are respectively matched with the left side edge and the right side edge of the middle thin section. This "T" shape connecting plate structure not only can play the effect of connecting rack shaft and fastening block, can also cooperate the distance change between two fastening blocks to open and shut at any time in order to guarantee to pass power effect.
Furthermore, be equipped with the handle that is used for rotating sector gear on the sector gear, the handle stretches out the anchor clamps body shell outside, makes things convenient for operating personnel to rotate sector gear.
Furthermore, strip-shaped through holes are formed in the two ends of the cross frame along the length direction of the cross frame respectively, and the thread thin section at the upper end of the supporting upright column penetrates through the through holes in an upward moving mode and is installed on the cross frame through nuts. When necessary, the nuts are loosened, the supporting upright columns are moved along the length direction of the cross frame and locked at different positions in the elongated through holes through the nuts again, so that the distance between the two supporting upright columns is changed, and the rotary polishing and grinding disc surface with different sizes or different matching positions of the same rotary polishing and grinding disc surface are adapted.
The method for clamping the sample by applying the movable general metallographic sample polishing clamp is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing a metallographic specimen, and cleaning the surface to be processed of the metallographic specimen;
secondly, adsorbing and fixing two sucker type electromagnet bases on two opposite sides of the disc surface of a horizontal rotary polishing disc, installing two ends of a cross frame on a supporting upright post, and installing and fixing a clamp shell at the lower end of a push rod of a driving element;
thirdly, rotating the sector gear to drive the rack shaft to move upwards, so that the T-shaped connecting plate moves upwards, and the left fastening block and the right fastening block are driven to move upwards and translate left and right while overcoming the elastic pressure of the second elastic element; after the two are separated, the upper end of a metallographic specimen to be processed is placed in a specimen clamping cavity between the left fastening block and the right fastening block, and the lower end of the metallographic specimen extends downwards out of the outer shell of the clamp body;
fourthly, reversely rotating the sector gear to drive the rack shaft to move downwards to enable the left fastening block and the right fastening block to clamp the metallographic sample, and meanwhile, elastically pressing the left fastening block and the right fastening block downwards by the second elastic element, and when the metallographic sample is clamped and fixed, realizing the motion self-locking of the sector gear and the rack shaft through the locking element;
fifthly, controlling a push rod of the driving element to move downwards to enable the metallographic sample to be close to the rotary polishing disc continuously until the metallographic sample is close to the surface of the polishing disc, and polishing and burnishing the surface of the metallographic sample to be processed;
after the abrasive paper is polished at the matched position of polishing grinding disc quotation and metallographic specimen, cut off the power supply of an electromagnet base, make whole "door" font support frame rotate the back around another electromagnet base that does not cut off the power supply and then to the electromagnet base circular telegram of outage, fix "door" font support frame again to the matched position of adjustment metallographic specimen 14 and rotatory polishing grinding disc quotation improves the utilization ratio of polishing abrasive paper.
It should be noted that the definitions of the upper, lower, left, right, front, rear and other directions in the claims and the specification are only relative definitions used for convenience of description, and are not absolute definitions of the device configuration and the movement direction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by utilizing the portable and movable sucker type electromagnet base, the clamp device and the polishing machine are strongly fixed through electromagnetic adsorption, so that the power on adsorption and the power off disappearance can be realized, and the purposes of portability and mobility of the clamp device are realized;
2. a servo electric cylinder is adopted to control the clamp body to move up and down, so that high-precision motion control is realized; the matching of the servo electric cylinder push rod and the cross frame can be conveniently adjusted, and the matching of the servo electric cylinder push rod and the cross frame is combined together through the sector gear and the rack shaft, so that the problems that the levelness and the clamping and positioning reliability of a to-be-processed surface of a metallographic sample are difficult to guarantee in the prior art are well solved, and the consistent and uniform surface grinding marks of the to-be-processed surface of the metallographic sample after polishing are guaranteed;
3. the operation is convenient, and an operator does not need to hold the clamp all the time, so that the labor can be saved;
4. according to the preparation of metallographic samples with different diameters and shapes, only one clamp can finish polishing experiments, so that the universality of the clamp device is ensured; in addition, the polishing and grinding treatment of metallographic samples in different shapes and sizes can be realized by replacing the left fastening block and the right fastening block with different internal angles or different sizes if necessary, so that the applicability is wide and the universality is strong;
5. the movement is controlled automatically and precisely, the movement is convenient, and the clamping is stable, so that the experimental operation flow is simplified, and the experimental efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the outer shell of the chuck body of FIG. 1 and its internal structure;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic front and back side perspective views of the clamp body housing;
FIG. 5 is a front view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a left sector gear shaft fixing block;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a right sector gear shaft fixing block;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a sector gear;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the mating position of the sector gear and pawl assembly;
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the pawl assembly (with the tension spring removed);
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the pawl assembly;
fig. 12 is a perspective view of the rack shaft;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a "T" shaped web;
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a second elastic element;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the left fastening block;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the right fastening block;
FIG. 17 is an exploded view of the support frame shaped like a Chinese character 'men';
in FIGS. 1 to 17: 1 is the driving element, 2 is the crossbearer, 3 is the support post, 4 is sucking disc formula electro-magnet base, 5 is the anchor clamps body shell, 6 is left fastening block, 7 is right fastening block, 8 is "T" shape connecting plate, 9 is left sector gear axle fixed block, 10 is the pawl subassembly, 101 is the slider, 102 is the pawl, 103 is taut spring, 11 is right sector gear axle fixed block, 12 is sector gear, 121 is the handle, 13 is first elastic element, 14 is the metallographic specimen, 15 is second elastic element, 151 is the spring, 152 is the guide bar, 16 is the rack shaft, 17 is the spout.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The movable general metallographic specimen polishing clamp shown in fig. 1 comprises a door-shaped support frame and a polishing clamp body which is arranged on the inner side of the door-shaped support frame and driven by a driving element 1 to move up and down, wherein the door-shaped support frame is used for fixing the position of the polishing clamp body; the driving element 1 is used for realizing the vertical movement of the polishing clamp body, and the polishing clamp body is used for realizing the fastening of the metallographic specimen 14 and the maintenance of the levelness of the metallographic specimen 14.
The "door" -shaped support frame shown in fig. 17 includes a plate-shaped horizontal cross frame 2 and two support columns 3 respectively disposed at both ends thereof; the two ends of the cross frame 2 are respectively provided with a strip-shaped through hole along the length direction of the cross frame 2, and the middle section of the cross frame 2 is provided with an installation through hole for fixedly installing the driving element 1, in the embodiment, the driving element 1 is a servo electric cylinder controlled by a jog switch, the servo electric cylinder is controlled by a closed-loop servo, a clamp is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring the contact pressure of a metallographic sample and the disc surface of a polishing disc, and the pressure sensor is adopted for precisely controlling the push rod thrust, so that the aim of automatically and precisely moving the shell 5 of the clamp body up and down is; a sucker type electromagnet base 4 is arranged at the bottom of the supporting upright post 3, is made of a cylindrical electromagnet material, and is provided with four threaded holes which are uniformly distributed from the top to the bottom and are used for being connected with the supporting upright post 3; the thread thin sections at the upper ends of the two supporting upright posts 3 upwards movably penetrate through the strip-shaped through holes and are matched with the hexagonal nuts to be fastened on the cross frame 2; when necessary, the hexagon nuts are loosened, the supporting upright posts 3 are moved along the length direction of the cross frame 2 and locked at different positions in the strip-shaped through holes through the hexagon nuts again, so that the distance between the two supporting upright posts 3 is changed, and the rotary polishing and grinding disc surface with different sizes or different matching positions of the same rotary polishing and grinding disc surface are adapted.
As shown in fig. 1, the servo electric cylinder is perpendicular to the cross frame 2 and vertically extends out of the push rod towards the inner side of the door-shaped support frame, the end part of the push rod is provided with a plate-type mounting structure, the push rod of the servo electric cylinder is connected with the clamp body shell through an inner hexagonal cylindrical head screw, the cross frame is used as a reference, the push rod of the servo electric cylinder is used for maintaining the clamp body shell to be horizontal, and the purpose that the clamp body is kept horizontal is achieved.
The clamping device is fixedly connected to the top of the clamp body shell 5 of the polishing clamp body through a plurality of studs, and the clamp body shell 5 can be pushed to move up and down.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the clamp body housing 5 is a hollow cast structure body, a sector gear 12 is arranged in the hollow cast structure body, a handle 121 for rotating the sector gear 12 is welded on the sector gear 12, and a through hole for installing a wheel axle is arranged on the sector surface of the sector gear 12, as shown in fig. 8, the handle 121 extends out of the clamp body housing 5 to facilitate hand-held rotation, as shown in fig. 4; as shown in fig. 5, both ends of the axle of the sector gear 12 are rotatably mounted on the left sector gear shaft fixing block 9 and the right sector gear shaft fixing block 11, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the left sector gear shaft fixing block 9 and the right sector gear shaft fixing block 11 are both block-shaped structures and respectively formed by overlapping two parts, the two parts are fixed into a whole through a bolt, and the bolt further fixedly mounts the left sector gear shaft fixing block 9 or the right sector gear shaft fixing block 11 on the back plate of the clamp body housing 5.
The tooth surface of the sector gear 12 is engaged with a vertically arranged rack shaft 16; the sector gear 12 is also provided with a locking element for locking the movement position of the gear rack; as shown in fig. 9, the locking element in this embodiment is a pawl assembly 10 comprising a slider 101, a pawl 102 and a tension spring 103, allowing the rack shaft to move freely downward.
As shown in fig. 7, a sliding groove 17 is formed in the right sector gear shaft fixing block 11 along the rotation axial direction of the sector gear 12, a sliding block 101 capable of sliding left and right along the length direction of a groove cavity is arranged in the sliding groove 17, and a locking bolt is arranged between the sliding block 101 and the sliding groove 17; as shown in fig. 10 and 11, a pawl 102 matched with the sector gear 12 is rotatably mounted on the slider 101, one end of a tension spring 103 is fixed on the slider 101, and the other end is elastically mounted on the pawl 102 in a stretching manner; initially, the pawl assembly 10 is disengaged from the sector gear 12; when the sector gear 12 rotates to drive the rack shaft 16 to translate downwards to a proper position, the sliding block 101 slides leftwards along the sliding groove 17 to a matching position with the sector gear 12, the locking bolt is screwed in to lock the sliding block 101 in the sliding groove 17, and the pawl 102 locks the sector gear 12 at the moment to prevent the sector gear 12 from reversing under the action of elastic abutting pressure of the second elastic element 15; when the rack shaft 16 needs to move upwards, the sliding block 101 slides rightwards along the sliding groove 17 and is separated from the matching position with the sector gear 12. The purposes of self-locking the rack shaft and pressing the fastening block are realized by controlling the pawl assembly 10 to move left and right to limit the upward movement of the rack shaft 16.
As shown in fig. 5, the upper end of the rack shaft 16 is provided with engaging teeth matched with the sector gear 12, and the lower end of the rack shaft 16 movably clamps the upper horizontal sections of the left and right T-shaped connecting plates 8 with opposite openings; as shown in fig. 13, the upper cross section of the two T-shaped connecting plates 8 is provided with half holes with opposite openings, and as shown in fig. 12, the lower end of the rack shaft 16 is provided with an i-shaped stepped shaft section; the upper transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates 8 are inserted into openings at two sides of the I-shaped stepped shaft section, and the two half holes are respectively matched with the left side edge and the right side edge of the middle thin section; as shown in fig. 5, the two "T" -shaped connecting plates 8 can be transversely translated perpendicularly to the axial direction thereof with respect to the rack shaft 16 by an external force; through holes are respectively processed on the lower transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates 8 and used for fixing the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 by bolts.
The opposite sides of the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 define a sample clamping cavity, and a first elastic element 13 is pressed in the sample clamping cavity; as shown in fig. 15 and 16, the opposite side surfaces of the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 are respectively an inward concave V-shaped surface and a concave T-shaped surface, the openings of the two side surfaces are opposite, two inclined surfaces of the V-shape and the bottom surface of the T-shape form three clamping surfaces of a sample clamping cavity, the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 clamp the metallographic sample 14 through three-point cooperation, and cooperate with the T-shaped connecting plate 8 to limit the vertical movement of the metallographic sample 14, so as to achieve the purpose of completely clamping and fixing the metallographic sample 14 while keeping horizontal; in addition, can also be through changing different inside angles or not equidimension left fastening block 6 and right fastening block 7 to the polishing of metallographic specimen 14 to different shapes and size is handled, improves this fixture device's commonality.
As shown in fig. 5, the second elastic element 15 is respectively press-fitted between the left fastening block 6 and the clamp body housing 5, and between the right fastening block 7 and the clamp body housing 5, and the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 are pressed downward; in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the second elastic member 15 includes a spring 151 and a guide rod 152 movably built in the spring; the left fastening block 6 and the corresponding positions of the inner cavity of the clamp body shell 5 above the left fastening block, the right fastening block 7 and the inner cavity of the clamp body shell 5 above the right fastening block are respectively vertically provided with mounting holes, and two ends of the guide rod 152 are arranged in the mounting holes and can move up and down in the mounting holes.
As shown in fig. 5, the opposite sides of the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 are inclined planes with opposite inclination directions, and are respectively matched with the left and right inclined inner side walls of the clamp body shell 5; when the sector gear 12 rotates, the rack shaft 16 is driven to move up and down along the shaft, and the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 can move transversely along the inclined inner side wall of the clamp body shell 5, are far away from each other or are close to each other along the up and down movement process of the rack shaft 16 so as to change the size of the sample clamping cavity.
When metallographic analysis is carried out on a fully solidified phi 10 multiplied by 100mm experimental aluminum rod, the aluminum rod is cut, the size of the obtained sample is phi 10 multiplied by 15mm, and if the metallographic polishing of the sample is manually held, not only the levelness cannot be ensured, but also time and labor are wasted, and an operator has certain danger; if the inlaying method is adopted, after polishing and grinding, the inlaying material needs to be removed, so that not only is the experimental operation troublesome, but also the metallographic structure is easy to damage, resources are wasted, and the experimental cost is increased.
The steps of clamping the sample by adopting the clamp device are as follows:
firstly, preparing a metallographic specimen, and cleaning the surface to be processed of the metallographic specimen;
secondly, adsorbing and fixing two sucker type electromagnet bases 4 on two opposite sides of the outer edge of the disc surface of a horizontal rotary polishing disc, fixing a support upright post 3 on the sucker type electromagnet bases 4 through a hexagon head bolt, and installing two ends of a cross frame 2 on the support upright post 3 to enable the cross frame 2 to cross the disc surface of the rotary polishing disc; the middle section part of the transverse frame 2 is matched with a flange of the servo electric cylinder through threaded connection, and the clamp body shell 5 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of a push rod of the servo electric cylinder;
thirdly, the handle 121 is pulled to rotate the sector gear 12 to drive the rack shaft 16 to move upwards, so that the T-shaped connecting plate 8 moves upwards, and the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 are driven to move upwards and translate left and right while overcoming the elastic pressure of the second elastic element 15; after the two are separated, the upper end of a cylindrical metallographic specimen 14 to be processed is placed in a specimen clamping cavity between the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7, and the lower end of the metallographic specimen extends downwards out of the clamp body shell 5;
fourthly, reversely pulling the handle 121 to reversely rotate the sector gear 12 to drive the rack shaft 16 to move downwards, so that the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 are enabled to clamp the metallographic specimen 14, meanwhile, the second elastic element 15 also elastically presses the left fastening block 6 and the right fastening block 7 downwards, and when the clamping and fixing of the metallographic specimen 14 are completed, the movable pawl assembly 10 realizes the motion self-locking of the sector gear 12 and the rack shaft 16;
fifthly, controlling a push rod of the servo electric cylinder to move downwards through a inching switch to enable the metallographic sample 14 to be continuously close to the rotary polishing disc until the metallographic sample is close to the surface of the polishing disc, and polishing the surface of the metallographic sample to be processed;
after the abrasive paper is thrown to cooperation position department of throwing mill quotation and metallographic specimen 14 and is ground the wearing and tearing back, with 4 deenergizations of an electromagnet base, make whole "door" font support frame rotate the back around another electromagnet base 4 that does not cut off the power supply again to 4 circular telegrams of electromagnets base of outage, fix "door" font support frame again to the cooperation position of adjustment metallographic specimen 14 and rotatory mill quotation of throwing, improve the utilization ratio of throwing abrasive paper.
The fixture device is still effective for metallographic specimens 14 of cylinders, ellipsoids, cuboids or other standard shapes of different diameters and lengths.
Claims (10)
1. Portable general metallographic specimen grinds anchor clamps, its characterized in that:
the 'door' -shaped support frame comprises a horizontal cross frame (2) and two support upright posts (3) respectively arranged at two ends of the horizontal cross frame, a driving element (1) is fixedly arranged at the middle section of the cross frame (2), a sucker type electromagnet base (4) is arranged at the bottoms of the support upright posts (3), and the two support upright posts (3) are movably arranged on the cross frame (2) and can move along the length direction of the cross frame (2) and be locked at different positions so as to change the distance between the two support upright posts (3);
the driving element (1) is perpendicular to the transverse frame (2) and extends out of the push rod towards the inner side of the door-shaped support frame, and the end part of the push rod is fixed with the clamp body shell (5) and can push the clamp body shell (5) to move up and down;
a sector gear (12) is rotatably arranged in the clamp body shell (5), and the tooth surface of the sector gear (12) is meshed with a vertically-arranged rack shaft (16); the sector gear (12) is also provided with a locking element for locking the movement position of the gear rack;
the lower end of the rack shaft (16) movably clamps the upper transverse sections of a left T-shaped connecting plate (8) and a right T-shaped connecting plate (8) with opposite openings, and the two T-shaped connecting plates (8) can transversely translate vertically to the axial direction of the rack shaft (16) under the action of external force; a left fastening block (6) and a right fastening block (7) are respectively fixed on the lower transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates (8);
the opposite sides of the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7) enclose a sample clamping cavity, and a first elastic element (13) is press-fitted in the sample clamping cavity; the side, back to the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7), of the left fastening block is an inclined plane with opposite inclined directions, and the inclined planes are respectively matched with the left inclined inner side wall and the right inclined inner side wall of the clamp body shell (5);
second elastic elements (15) are respectively pressed between the left fastening block (6) and the clamp body shell (5) and between the right fastening block (7) and the clamp body shell (5) to downwards press the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7);
when sector gear (12) rotated, drive rack shaft (16) along the up-and-down translation of axial, left side fastening block (6) and right fastening block (7) are along the in-process of rack shaft (16) up-and-down translation, can follow the slope inside wall lateral shifting of anchor clamps body shell (5), keep away from each other or be close to change the size in sample clamping chamber.
2. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving element (1) is a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, or the driving element (1) is a servo electric cylinder controlled by a inching switch, the servo electric cylinder is controlled by a closed-loop servo, a pressure sensor is arranged on a clamp, and the clamp is connected with a control circuit of the inching switch through a signal circuit.
3. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side surfaces of one side, opposite to the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7), are respectively an inwards concave V-shaped surface and a concave T-shaped surface, the openings of the two side surfaces are opposite, and the two V-shaped inclined surfaces and the T-shaped | surface form three clamping surfaces of the sample clamping cavity.
4. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the second elastic element (15) comprises a spring (151) and a guide rod (152) movably arranged in the spring; the left fastening block (6) and the corresponding positions of the inner cavity of the clamp body shell (5) above the left fastening block, the right fastening block (7) and the inner cavity of the clamp body shell (5) above the right fastening block are respectively provided with a mounting hole in a vertical mode, and the two ends of the guide rod (152) are installed in the mounting holes and can move up and down in the mounting holes.
5. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: sector gear (12) rotate and install on left sector gear axle fixed block (9) and right sector gear axle fixed block (11), and left sector gear axle fixed block (9) and right sector gear axle fixed block (11) pass through the bolt fastening on anchor clamps body shell (5) backplate.
6. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 5, wherein:
the locking element is a pawl assembly (10) comprising a slider (101), a pawl (102) and a tension spring (103);
a sliding groove (17) is formed in the left sector gear shaft fixing block (9) or the right sector gear shaft fixing block (11) along the rotating axial direction of the sector gear (12), a sliding block (101) capable of sliding left and right along the length direction of a groove cavity is arranged in the sliding groove (17), and a locking bolt is arranged between the sliding block (101) and the sliding groove (17);
a pawl (102) matched with the sector gear (12) is rotatably arranged on the sliding block (101), one end of a tension spring (103) is fixed on the sliding block (101), and the other end of the tension spring is elastically stretched and arranged on the pawl (102);
initially, the pawl assembly (10) and the sector gear (12) are disengaged from each other;
when the sector gear (12) rotates to drive the rack shaft (16) to move downwards to a proper position, the sliding block (101) slides to a matching position with the sector gear (12) along the sliding groove (17), the locking bolt is screwed in to lock the sliding block (101) in the sliding groove (17), and the pawl (102) blocks the sector gear (12) at the moment to prevent the sector gear (12) from rotating reversely under the action of elastic abutting pressure of the second elastic element (15);
when the rack shaft (16) needs to move upwards, the sliding block (101) slides rightwards along the sliding groove (17) and is separated from the matching position with the sector gear (12).
7. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper cross sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates (8) are provided with half holes with opposite openings, and the lower end of the rack shaft (16) is provided with an I-shaped stepped shaft section; the upper transverse sections of the two T-shaped connecting plates (8) are inserted into openings at two sides of the I-shaped stepped shaft section, and the two half holes are respectively matched with the left side edge and the right side edge of the middle thin section.
8. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a handle (121) for rotating the sector gear (12) is arranged on the sector gear (12), and the handle (121) extends out of the clamp body shell (5).
9. The movable universal metallographic specimen polishing clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two ends of the transverse frame (2) are respectively provided with a strip-shaped through hole along the length direction of the transverse frame (2), and the thread thin section at the upper end of the supporting upright post (3) upwards movably penetrates through the through hole and is arranged on the transverse frame (2) through a nut.
10. The method for clamping the sample by using the movable universal metallographic sample polishing clamp disclosed by claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing a metallographic specimen, and cleaning the surface to be processed of the metallographic specimen;
secondly, two sucker type electromagnet bases (4) are fixedly adsorbed on two opposite sides of the surface of a horizontal rotary polishing disc, two ends of a cross frame (2) are arranged on a supporting upright post (3), and a clamp body shell (5) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of a push rod of a driving element (1);
thirdly, the sector gear (12) is rotated to drive the rack shaft (16) to move upwards, so that the T-shaped connecting plate (8) moves upwards, and the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7) are driven to move upwards and translate left and right while overcoming the elastic pressure of the second elastic element (15); after the two are separated, the upper end of a metallographic specimen (14) to be processed is placed in a specimen clamping cavity between the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7), and the lower end of the metallographic specimen (14) extends downwards out of the clamp body shell (5);
fourthly, the sector gear (12) is rotated reversely, the rack shaft (16) is driven to move downwards, the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7) are enabled to clamp the metallographic specimen (14), meanwhile, the second elastic element (15) also elastically supports against the left fastening block (6) and the right fastening block (7) downwards, and when the metallographic specimen (14) is clamped and fixed, the sector gear (12) and the rack shaft (16) are moved and self-locked through the locking element;
fifthly, controlling a push rod of the driving element (1) to move downwards to enable the metallographic specimen (14) to be continuously close to the rotary polishing disc until the metallographic specimen is close to the surface of the polishing disc, and polishing the surface of the metallographic specimen to be processed;
after the polishing abrasive paper is abraded at the matching position of the polishing disc surface and the metallographic sample (14), one electromagnet base (4) is powered off, the whole door-shaped support frame rotates around the other uninterrupted electromagnet base (4), then the powered-off electromagnet base (4) is powered on, and the door-shaped support frame is fixed again to adjust the matching position of the metallographic sample (14) and the rotary polishing disc surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810185807.5A CN108414316B (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2018-03-07 | Movable universal metallographic sample polishing and grinding clamp and method for clamping sample by using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810185807.5A CN108414316B (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2018-03-07 | Movable universal metallographic sample polishing and grinding clamp and method for clamping sample by using same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108414316A CN108414316A (en) | 2018-08-17 |
| CN108414316B true CN108414316B (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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| CN201810185807.5A Active CN108414316B (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2018-03-07 | Movable universal metallographic sample polishing and grinding clamp and method for clamping sample by using same |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020056538A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-26 | 苏州迈创信息技术有限公司 | Automatic grinder |
| CN110722431B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2024-09-10 | 山东丰汇工程检测有限公司 | Portable on-spot metallographic examination grinding device |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5702293A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1997-12-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Holding fixture for metallographic mount polishing |
| CN202106300U (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-01-11 | 宁波宝新不锈钢有限公司 | Clamping tool suitable for automatic grinding and polishing |
| CN202894983U (en) * | 2012-07-21 | 2013-04-24 | 北京工业大学 | Test-piece fixture used for polishing machine |
| CN203824831U (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-09-10 | 河南科技大学 | Columnar metallographic specimen fixture |
| CN203881618U (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-15 | 哈尔滨光宇蓄电池股份有限公司 | Bus-bar welding strength testing device |
| CN204487355U (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-07-22 | 江西科技学院 | A kind of metallographic specimen clamping device |
| CN206614356U (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-11-07 | 金华华科激光科技有限公司 | A kind of hand propelled can change the metallographic mill of abradant surface |
| CN206912949U (en) * | 2017-04-15 | 2018-01-23 | 青海大学 | A kind of combined type metallurgical polishing machine clamp |
| CN206925712U (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-01-26 | 沈阳科晶自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of many areas exerted pressure on formula automatic metallic phase polisher lapper |
| CN107471129B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-10-26 | 江苏大学 | A kind of adjustable metallographic specimen clamp |
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2018
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