CN108413632B - Tower type solar volumetric heat collector - Google Patents
Tower type solar volumetric heat collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN108413632B CN108413632B CN201810071914.5A CN201810071914A CN108413632B CN 108413632 B CN108413632 B CN 108413632B CN 201810071914 A CN201810071914 A CN 201810071914A CN 108413632 B CN108413632 B CN 108413632B
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention provides a tower type solar volumetric heat collector, which comprises: the heat collecting cavity comprises a porous medium layer, a reflector, a heat collecting cavity shell and a heat transmission pipe; the heat collection cavity shell is an inverted funnel-shaped shell, the top of the heat collection cavity shell is communicated with the heat transmission pipe, and the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell is open; the porous medium layer is in an inverted pot shape, and the size of an opening at the bottom end of the porous medium layer is matched with that of an opening at the bottom end of the shell of the heat collection cavity; the porous medium layer is in sealing fit with an opening at the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell, and a heat collection cavity is formed between the porous medium layer and the inner wall of the heat collection cavity shell; the reflector mirror surface is laid on the top of the heat collection tower upwards, the heat collection cavity is arranged right above the reflector, and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the porous medium layer at the bottom of the heat collection cavity and the reflector mirror surface. The invention can effectively improve the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the heat collector; meanwhile, the heat radiation quantity dissipated into the surrounding air is reduced, the problem of light pollution is relieved to a great extent, and the probability of roasting flying birds is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of centralized solar thermal power generation, in particular to a tower type solar volumetric heat collector.
Background
With the progress of human society, the demand of human beings for energy is more and more, and the energy used by people is fossil energy. However, the generation cycle of fossil energy is extremely long and the reserves are limited, and the development of human society is extremely rapid at present, and fossil energy cannot be used as sustainable energy supply for human beings. In contrast, solar energy is inexhaustible for humans. Meanwhile, as a clean energy, solar energy meets the requirement of future development of human beings.
The use of solar energy mainly includes two major aspects: photovoltaic and photothermal. Among them, large-scale photo-thermal power generation can be used for centralized grid-connected power generation, and has a higher compatibility with thermal power generation currently used on a large scale because both of them convert thermal energy into electric energy by using a heat engine. The solar thermal power generation is an energy utilization mode with a great prospect, has great research significance, and has great commercial value after the technology is mature.
At present, solar thermal power generation forms mainly comprise three types, namely tower type, disc type and trough type. The tower type generator has a higher scale effect than other tower type generators, is more suitable for large-scale centralized thermal power generation, is matched with an energy storage device for use, and can realize all-weather uninterrupted power supply. Meanwhile, the large-scale tower type photo-thermal power generation can reduce the photo-thermal power generation cost and enable the photo-thermal power generation to be more competitive.
To improve the power generation efficiency, the temperature of the high-temperature heat source of the power generation system needs to be increased, so that the increase of the outlet temperature of the tower type solar heat collector is very important for improving the power generation efficiency. Among high-temperature heat collectors applied to tower-type solar power generation systems, the volumetric heat collector made on the basis of foamed ceramic materials has a development prospect. But this kind of positive displacement heat collector is mostly open design at present, when improving heat collector operating temperature, also can strengthen the heat radiation on heat collector surface greatly, and a large amount of radiation have not only restricted heat collector light and heat dress and have traded efficiency and overall generating efficiency in directly releasing the ambient air, still cause certain light pollution to the surrounding environment. Since many cases of bird death due to roasting have occurred in large-scale power stations, how to reduce light pollution is also an important issue for studying tower-type photo-thermal power generation. For such a high-temperature positive displacement collector, it is an urgent problem to release the minimum heat radiation while ensuring the working performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of large radiation loss, serious light pollution, easy accidental damage to flying birds and the like of a high-temperature volumetric heat collector in the prior art. The invention provides a tower type solar volumetric heat collector, which designs a new receiving, condensing and air inlet mode and applies a reflector to a high-temperature volumetric heat collector to recover radiation loss.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a tower solar volumetric heat collector, the heat collector is arranged at the top of a heat collecting tower, and the heat collector comprises: the device comprises a porous medium layer 1, a reflector 3, a heat collection cavity shell 4 and a heat transmission pipe 5; wherein,
the heat collection cavity shell 4 is an inverted funnel-shaped shell, the top of the heat collection cavity shell 4 is communicated with the heat transmission pipe 5, the other end of the heat transmission pipe 5 is connected with external heat exchange equipment, and the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell 4 is open; the porous medium layer 1 is in an inverted pot shape, and the size of the opening at the bottom end of the porous medium layer 1 is matched with that of the opening at the bottom end of the heat collection cavity shell 4; the porous medium layer 1 is in sealing fit with an opening at the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell 4, and a heat collection cavity is formed between the porous medium layer 1 and the inner wall of the heat collection cavity shell 4;
the reflector 3 is paved on the top of the heat collection tower with the mirror surface facing upwards, the heat collection cavity is arranged right above the reflector, and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the porous medium layer 1 at the bottom of the heat collection cavity and the mirror surface of the reflector 3.
Furthermore, the reflector 3 is a circular plane mirror, and the diameter of the reflector 3 is smaller than the diameter of the opening at the bottom end of the porous medium layer 1, so that the reflected sunlight can conveniently irradiate the porous medium layer from the oblique lower side.
Further, the tower-type solar volumetric heat collector also comprises a radiator 7; the radiator 7 comprises two parallel round metal plates, and a plurality of radiating fins 10 are arranged between the two round metal plates; the radius of the circular metal plate is larger than that of the reflector 3; the reflector 3 is laid on the upper surface of the circular metal plate on the upper layer, and the circle center of the reflector 3 is coincided with the circle center of the circular metal plate; a plurality of heat dissipation through holes are uniformly distributed on the annular area of the upper surface of the upper layer of the circular metal plate except the area where the reflector 3 is laid; a cold air inlet 11 is arranged at the circle center of the circular metal plate at the bottom of the radiator 7, and the cold air inlet 11 is communicated with a cold air channel inside the heat collection tower; notches are formed on the radiating fins 10, and each notch forms a radiating channel extending from the circle center of the circular metal plate to the radiating through hole.
Furthermore, high-temperature-resistant heat conduction oil is filled between the upper surface of the radiator 7 and the lower surface of the reflector 3.
Further, the porous medium layer 1 is a foamed ceramic layer with porosity higher than 0.85.
Further, the heat collecting cavity shell 4 is a stainless steel shell.
Further, a layer of heat insulation material layer is sleeved outside the heat collection cavity shell 4.
Furthermore, a waterproof material layer is sleeved outside the heat-insulating material layer.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the conventional tower type heliostat field mostly focuses on a point or on a cylindrical surface, and the invention changes the modes of receiving radiation and air inlet by redesigning the appearance structure of the positive displacement heat collector, applies the reflector to the high-temperature positive displacement heat collector, and reflects the heat radiation emitted by the porous medium back to the porous medium by utilizing the reflector, thereby reducing the radiation heat loss and effectively improving the photothermal conversion efficiency of the heat collector; meanwhile, the heat radiation quantity dissipated into the surrounding air is reduced, the problem of light pollution is relieved to a great extent, and the probability of roasting flying birds is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tower solar volumetric collector according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall appearance of the heat collecting tower in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an overall schematic view of a porous medium layer in the example;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the porous medium layer in the example;
FIG. 5 is a schematic layout of heat sink fins in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the use of an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of numerical simulation of the examples.
Wherein: 1-a porous medium layer; 1-1-porous dielectric block; 1-2-fixation bar; 1-3-a support frame; 1-4-screws; 2-a heat collecting tower; 3-a mirror; 4-a collector housing; 5-heat transfer tubes; 6-a heliostat; 7-a radiator; 8-a fan; 9-cold air transfer channel; 10-heat dissipation fins; 11-cold air inlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a tower type solar volumetric heat collector is disposed on the top of a heat collecting tower 2, and the overall appearance of the solar volumetric heat collector is as shown in fig. 2. The heliostats 6 are laid on the ground and distributed in a circular array, and the heat collecting tower 2 is positioned in the center of the array.
Tower solar energy positive displacement heat collector includes: the device comprises a porous medium layer 1, a reflector 3, a heat collecting cavity shell 4, a heat transmission pipe 5 and a radiator 7; the heat collecting cavity shell 4 is an inverted funnel-shaped shell, the top of the heat collecting cavity shell 4 is communicated with a heat transmission pipe 5, and the other end of the heat transmission pipe 5 is communicated with heat exchange equipment; the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell 4 is open; the porous medium layer 1 is in an inverted pot shape, and the size of the opening at the bottom end of the porous medium layer 1 is matched with that of the opening at the bottom end of the heat collection cavity shell 4; the porous medium layer 1 is matched with the opening at the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell 4 in a sealing way, and a heat collection cavity is formed between the porous medium layer 1 and the inner wall of the heat collection cavity shell 4.
The radiator 7 is arranged at the top of the heat collecting tower 2 and comprises two parallel round metal plates, a plurality of radiating fins 10 are arranged between the two round metal plates, and the radiating fins 10 are distributed as shown in fig. 5. The radius of the circular metal plate is larger than that of the reflector 3; the reflector 3 is laid on the upper surface of the circular metal plate on the upper layer, and the circle center of the reflector 3 is coincided with the circle center of the circular metal plate; a plurality of heat dissipation through holes are uniformly distributed on the annular area of the upper surface of the upper layer of the circular metal plate except the area where the reflector 3 is laid; a cold air inlet 11 is arranged at the center of a circle of a circular metal plate at the bottom of the radiator 7, the cold air inlet 11 is communicated with a cold air transmission channel 9 arranged inside the heat collection tower 2, and the other end of the cold air transmission channel 9 forms a cold air inlet on the outer wall of the heat collection tower 2; notches are formed on the radiating fins 10, and each notch forms a radiating channel extending from the circle center of the circular metal plate to the radiating through hole.
The heat collection cavity is arranged right above the reflector 3, and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the porous medium layer 1 at the bottom of the heat collection cavity and the mirror surface of the reflector 3.
In the above embodiment, the overall structure and the assembly structure of the porous medium layer 1 are shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectively. The porous medium layer 1 comprises a porous medium block 1-1, a fixing strip 1-2, a support frame 1-3 and a screw 1-4, wherein the fixing strip 1-2 is embedded into a groove of the porous medium block 1-1, and then the porous medium block 1-1 and the fixing strip 1-2 are fixed on the support frame 1-3 together by the screw 1-4 to form a whole porous medium layer 1. The porous medium blocks 1-1 and the support frames 1-3, and the porous medium blocks 1-1 and the fixing strips 1-2 are in clearance fit, and a clearance of about 5mm is reserved between the porous medium blocks 1-1 to prevent the porous medium blocks from being broken due to expansion extrusion. The porous medium block 1-1, the fixing strips 1-2 and the support frame 1-3 are made of high-temperature alloy made of the same material, so that structural damage caused by different expansion coefficients is prevented.
Preferably, the material of the fixing strip 1-2, the screw 1-4 and the support frame 1-3 is oxide dispersion strengthened alloy MA 956.
Preferably, the porous dielectric block 1-1 is a SiC foam having a porosity greater than 0.85.
Preferably, the reflector 3 is a gold, silver or aluminum plated reflector.
Preferably, the heat collecting cavity shell 4 is further sleeved with a heat insulating material layer, and the heat insulating material layer is sleeved with a waterproof material layer.
The principle of this embodiment is shown in fig. 6:
the figure shows the absorption of solar radiation, the reflection of thermal radiation and the heating process of the air flow, and it is seen from fig. 6 that the focused solar radiation is obliquely incident on the surface of the porous medium from the gap formed between the bottom of the heat collection cavity and the mirror surface of the reflector 3, and the air flow also enters from the gap and obliquely flows into the porous medium, so that the air intake mode is favorable for enhancing the convection heat transfer coefficient of the heated surface of the porous medium, reducing the surface temperature and reducing the surface heat radiation amount to a certain extent, in addition, the reflector 3 can recover most thermal radiation energy, and only a small amount of thermal radiation can be dissipated into the ambient air.
And the heat dissipation airflow is formed inside the heat sink 7, and the forming process of the heat dissipation airflow is as follows: cold air enters a cold air transmission channel 9 from a cold air inlet on the outer wall of the heat collection tower 2, enters a cold air inlet 11 at the bottom of the radiator 7 through the cold air transmission channel 9, flows in the radiator to carry away heat of the reflector, and enters a heat collection cavity along with main air flow at a heat dissipation through hole at the top of the heat collector 7.
In order to further increase the heat exchange effect, high-temperature-resistant heat conduction oil is filled between the upper surface of the radiator 7 and the lower surface of the reflector 3.
The effect of the mirror 3 in this embodiment is analyzed by the result of finite element numerical simulation, and the parameter background of this simulation is:
the inner radius of the circular heliostat array is 15m, the outer radius of the circular heliostat array is 270m, and 74390 heliostats are arranged in the heliostat array. The height of the heat collection tower 2 is 110m, the curvature radius of the lower surface of the porous medium layer 1 is 10.4m, the radius of the reflector 3 is 3.2m, the distance from the central point of the lower surface of the porous medium layer 1 to the central point of the mirror surface of the reflector 3 is 1.6m, the width of a gap formed between the lower surface of the porous medium layer 1 and the mirror surface of the reflector 3 is 1.13m, and the gauge pressure in the heat collection cavity is-18 pa.
FIG. 7 is a radiant heat flow profile of radiant heat flow into and out of the lower surface of the porous medium:
in fig. 7, a is the amount of heat absorbed and carried away by the air, B is the amount of heat lost by radiation, C is the solar heat flow distribution, D is the heat flow distribution of the radiation released by the porous medium, E is the radiation heat flow distribution reflected back to the porous medium, the ordinate Q is the heat flow density, and the abscissa r is the distance from a point on the irradiated surface to the central axis. The heat flow distribution integral results in that the recovered radiant heat energy accounts for 64% of the emitted radiant heat energy, the average outlet temperature at the design point is 1352K, and the photothermal conversion efficiency (the ratio of the heat taken by the air to the total energy input into the solar energy) is 88.6%. With other parameters unchanged, a common open collector simulation results in an outlet temperature of 1175K, with an efficiency of 82.0%. Compared with a numerical simulation result, the high-efficiency solar volumetric heat collector provided by the invention has the advantages that the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is higher than that of an open heat collector with the same specification parameters, and the average outlet temperature is also higher. Therefore, the heat collector provided by the invention is used for replacing a common open high-temperature positive displacement heat collector, so that the heat efficiency of the whole centralized power generation system can be improved by about 30 percent, meanwhile, because the radiation quantity released into the air is reduced, and the irradiated surface of the porous medium faces downwards, the lost energy is absorbed by the ground surface, the light pollution caused by the heat collector is greatly reduced, and the influence on birds can be reduced.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tower type solar volumetric heat collector is arranged at the top of a heat collecting tower and comprises a porous medium layer (1), a heat collecting cavity shell (4) and a heat transmission pipe (5); it is characterized by also comprising: a mirror (3); the heat collecting cavity shell (4) is an inverted funnel-shaped shell, the top of the heat collecting cavity shell (4) is communicated with the heat transmission pipe (5), the other end of the heat transmission pipe (5) is connected with external heat exchange equipment, and the bottom of the heat collecting cavity shell (4) is open; the porous medium layer (1) is in an inverted pot shape, and the size of an opening at the bottom end of the porous medium layer (1) is matched with that of an opening at the bottom end of the heat collection cavity shell (4); the porous medium layer (1) is in sealing fit with an opening at the bottom of the heat collection cavity shell (4), and a heat collection cavity is formed between the porous medium layer (1) and the inner wall of the heat collection cavity shell (4);
the reflector (3) is paved on the top of the heat collection tower with the mirror surface facing upwards, the heat collection cavity is arranged right above the reflector, and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the porous medium layer (1) at the bottom of the heat collection cavity and the mirror surface of the reflector (3).
2. The tower type solar volumetric heat collector according to claim 1, wherein the reflector (3) is a circular flat mirror, and the diameter of the reflector (3) is smaller than the diameter of the bottom opening of the porous medium layer (1).
3. The tower solar volumetric collector of claim 2, further comprising a heat sink (7); the radiator (7) comprises two parallel round metal plates, and a plurality of radiating fins (10) are arranged between the two round metal plates; the radius of the round metal plate is larger than that of the reflector (3); the reflector (3) is laid on the upper surface of the circular metal plate on the upper layer, and the circle center of the reflector (3) is superposed with the circle center of the circular metal plate; a plurality of heat dissipation through holes are uniformly distributed on the annular area of the upper surface of the upper layer of the round metal plate except the area where the reflector (3) is laid; a cold air inlet (11) is formed in the circle center of the circular metal plate at the bottom of the radiator (7), and the cold air inlet (11) is communicated with a cold air channel in the heat collection tower; notches are formed on the radiating fins (10), and each notch forms a radiating channel extending from the circle center of the circular metal plate to the radiating through hole.
4. The tower type solar volumetric heat collector according to claim 3, wherein high temperature resistant heat conducting oil is filled between the upper surface of the heat radiator (7) and the lower surface of the reflector (3).
5. The tower solar volumetric collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous medium layer (1) is a foamed ceramic layer with porosity higher than 0.85.
6. The tower solar volumetric collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector chamber housing (4) is a stainless steel shell.
7. The tower type solar volumetric heat collector according to claim 1, wherein a layer of heat insulating material is further sleeved outside the heat collecting cavity shell (4).
8. The tower-type solar volumetric heat collector of claim 7, wherein the thermal insulation material layer is externally sleeved with a waterproof material layer.
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| CN201810071914.5A CN108413632B (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Tower type solar volumetric heat collector |
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| CN201810071914.5A CN108413632B (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Tower type solar volumetric heat collector |
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| CN104197537A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Positive displacement air thermal absorber with rotary heat absorption body |
| CN106440418A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-02-22 | 福建工程学院 | Glass tube bundle and porous medium composite structure solar absorber |
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-
2018
- 2018-01-24 CN CN201810071914.5A patent/CN108413632B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006079246A1 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Yaoming Zhang | A capacity-type solar receiver |
| DE102009006952A1 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Rödental GmbH | Housing for a solar absorber module, solar absorber module and solar absorber arrangement, and method of manufacture |
| CN103344048A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-10-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Narrowing tube bundle structural-cavity solar receiver |
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