CN108411844A - A kind of analysis of the debris flow velocity field of the irregular section of natural raceway groove and device - Google Patents
A kind of analysis of the debris flow velocity field of the irregular section of natural raceway groove and device Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of analysis methods and device of the debris flow velocity field of the natural irregular section of raceway groove, by using gridding thought, gridding segmentation has been carried out to the irregular section of natural raceway groove, uneven distribution feature of the flow velocity on channels cross-section direction and mud depth direction can be considered in debris flow velocity calculating, can obtain flow velocity field model by practicable method.Meanwhile the flow that the rain flood method to suggest in debris flow specification calculates checks result as standard, the subjectivity and uncertain problem that roughness coefficien selects when can overcome flow relocity calculation.For result of calculation compared to the raceway groove section that tradition is simplified with rectangle or regular geometric shapes, precision higher is as a result more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to belong to geological disaster to prevent and reduce natural disasters technical field, a kind of mud-rock flow stream of the natural irregular section of raceway groove
The analysis of fast field and device
Background technology
Mud-rock flow is one of the chief threat that a kind of global geological disaster and mountain area economy construction face.Naturally
The reasonable computation of debris flow velocity in raceway groove is the Main Basiss for determining debris flow dam and drainage groove design, to mud-rock flow
Effective prevention of disaster counts for much.
It is the computational methods mainly used at present to calculate debris flow velocity using Manning formula.But due to natural raceway groove ditch bed
Big rise and fall, mostly irregular shape, it is often tired with theory analysis in the presence of modeling when calculating the flow velocity of section any position
It is difficult.In this regard, it is the several of rectangle or other rules that common computational methods, which are by complicated irregular natural raceway groove simplified section,
What shape, it is deep as benchmark using the mud-rock flow mud at raceway groove stream central line, with this mud in the case of obtaining given mud-rock flow mud position
Rock glacier mean flow rate.However, this method has following three prominent questions, the generalization place of (1) for the irregular section of natural raceway groove
Reason, makes the cross-sectional area of calculating not be inconsistent with actual conditions；(2) with mean flow rate in section instead of the field of flow velocity complexity in calculating
Distribution character；(3) when debris flow velocity calculates, bed roughness coefficient generally use empirical method is artificially selected, flow relocity calculation knot
Fruit lacks inspection and calculates.Above-mentioned three major issues cause existing method poor in natural Mud-stone Flow of Gullies flow relocity calculation result and actual conditions
It is not larger, therefore, there is an urgent need for starting with from flow velocity field analysis, fining calculating is carried out to mud-rock flow cross-sectional flow.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention provides a kind of irregular section of natural raceway groove aiming at the deficiency of the prior art and method
The analysis of debris flow velocity field and device.This method is based on gridding thought, has considered irregular ditch bed surface to mudstone
The influence of flow velocity is flowed, calculating required parameter can be obtained by water-level gauge and field investigation sampling, meanwhile, result of calculation passes through
Current capacity contrast checks, the subjectivity and uncertainty that roughness coefficien selects when overcoming flow relocity calculation.It can be blocked for mud-rock flow
The prevention and cure projects design-build such as sand dam, drainage groove provides reference and foundation.
A kind of analysis method of the debris flow velocity field of the irregular section of natural raceway groove, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Raceway groove is segmented；
The horizontal equidistant Δ x of the ditch bed cross section progress of flow velocity to be calculated is divided into n sections, and obtains every section of ditch bed surface
Elevation is Zi, unit m, wherein i indicates that ditch bed cross section is segmented label, i=1,2 ..., n；
Step 2：Mud-rock flow mean flow rate on each section of ditch bed cross section of tentative calculation；
According to debris flow gully bed degree of congestion, roughness coefficien n is chosenc, in conjunction with the mud depth h1 on each section of ditch bed cross sectioniMeter
Calculate the mud-rock flow mean flow rate v on each section of ditch bed cross sectioni；
Step 3：The debris flow velocity of each grid cell of tentative calculation, and the flow velocity of each grid cell is formed into debris flow velocity
；
Ditch bed cross section is subjected to vertical equidistant Δ y on mud depth direction and is divided into m layers, natural raceway groove is obtained and irregularly breaks
N × m the grid cell in face, the debris flow velocity in each grid cell are vI, j；Wherein, on mud depth direction each layer depth
h2jIt is using mud-rock flow mud face as initial planar, j indicates each layer label, j=1,2 ..., m；
Step 4：Judge whether current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement；
The debris flow velocity of each grid cell obtained with step 3 calculates the mud-rock flow of the corresponding natural irregular section of raceway groove
Flow Q, if Q and Q ' is close, current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement, otherwise, chooses roughness again
Coefficient nc, return to step 2 recalculates；
Wherein, the debris flow and landslips for the irregular section of the natural raceway groove of correspondence that Q ' expressions are calculated using rain flood method；
QI, jIndicate the debris flow and landslips in grid cell, QI, j=Δ x Δs yvI, j。
The thought of gridding point is proposed, and is verified using Q ', is adjusted using roughness coefficien, because of existing skill
Roughness coefficien in art is not easy to take standard；
The value of Δ x and Δ y are not strict with, and general value is smaller, and result of calculation is more accurate, but computational efficiency is more
It is low；
Further, described to choose roughness coefficien n againcCriterion it is as follows：
If Q is more than Q ', increase bed roughness coefficient ncIf Q is less than Q ', reduce bed roughness coefficient nc；
Wherein, for the more raceway groove of irregular, meander channel or stone weeds, ncValue range is 0.25-0.15；
For straight, cleaning, unimpeded raceway groove, ncValue range is 0.15-0.10.
The DZ/ to be gone on a journey by The Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China, MOLR for the value of channel type and corresponding roughness coefficien
The inquiry of T0220-2006 disaster prevention engineering exploration specifications obtains；
Further, it refers to meeting following approximation discrimination formula that the Q and Q ' is close：
Wherein, β is the control coefrficient of computational accuracy, value range 0.05-0.10.
Further, the debris flow velocity in each grid cell is vI, jCalculation formula it is as follows：
Wherein, α is the correction factor of debris flow velocity, and value range 0-1 is measured for 0.5, I by topographic map
Longitudinal ratio drop of raceway groove section.
Further, the value of the correction factor α of the debris flow velocity is 0.5.
A kind of analytical equipment of the debris flow velocity field of the irregular section of natural raceway groove, including：
Raceway groove segmentation module：For the horizontal equidistant Δ x of the ditch bed cross section progress of flow velocity to be calculated to be divided into n sections, and
The elevation for obtaining every section of ditch bed surface is Zi, unit m, wherein i indicates that ditch bed cross section is segmented label, i=1,2 ..., n；
Mud-rock flow mean flow rate computing module：According to debris flow gully bed degree of congestion, roughness coefficien n is chosenc, in conjunction with each section
Mud depth h1 on ditch bed cross sectioniCalculate the mud-rock flow mean flow rate v on each section of ditch bed cross sectioni；
Ditch bed net lattice division module：Ditch bed cross section is subjected to vertical equidistant Δ y on mud depth direction and is divided into m layers, is obtained
N × m grid cell of the natural irregular section of raceway groove is obtained, and calculates the debris flow velocity v in each grid cellI, j；
Wherein, on mud depth direction each layer depth h2jIt is using mud-rock flow mud face as initial planar, j indicates each layer label,
J=1,2 ..., m；
Debris flow velocity field builds module：The flow velocity of each grid cell is formed into debris flow velocity field；
Velocity field correction verification module：Verify whether current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement；
It is irregular that the debris flow velocity of each grid cell obtained with ditch bed net lattice division module calculates corresponding natural raceway groove
The debris flow and landslips Q of section, if Q and Q ' is close, current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement, otherwise,
Again roughness coefficien n is chosenc, recalculated using mud-rock flow mean flow rate computing module, obtain new debris flow velocity field；
Wherein, the debris flow and landslips for the irregular section of the natural raceway groove of correspondence that Q ' expressions are calculated using rain flood method；
QI, jIndicate the debris flow and landslips in grid cell, QI, j=Δ x Δs yvI, j。
Further, described to choose roughness coefficien n againcIt is determined according to following procedure：
If Q is more than Q ', increase bed roughness coefficient ncIf Q is less than Q ', reduce bed roughness coefficient nc；
Wherein, for the more raceway groove of irregular, meander channel or stone weeds, ncValue range is 0.25-0.15；
For straight, cleaning, unimpeded raceway groove, ncValue range is 0.15-0.10.
Further, it refers to meeting following approximation discrimination formula that the Q and Q ' is close：
Wherein, β is the control coefrficient of computational accuracy, value range 0.05-0.10.
Advantageous effect
Compared with the prior art and method, the present invention by using gridding thought, to the irregular section of natural raceway groove into
It has gone gridding segmentation, uneven distribution of the flow velocity on channel direction and mud depth direction can be considered in debris flow velocity calculating
Feature can obtain flow velocity field model by practicable method.Meanwhile the rain flood method to suggest in debris flow specification
The flow of calculating is that standard checks result, the subjectivity and do not know that roughness coefficien selects when can overcome flow relocity calculation
Sex chromosome mosaicism.Result of calculation is compared to the raceway groove section that tradition is simplified with rectangle or regular geometric shapes, precision higher, as a result more
Accurately.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the debris flow velocity field analysis of the irregular section of natural raceway groove；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram on certain natural raceway groove irregular ditch bed surface；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention applies the different depth debris flow velocity field distribution calculated in certain natural raceway groove section to illustrate
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, present invention is described, but the invention is not limited in these realities
Apply mode.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram on certain natural raceway groove irregular ditch bed surface.The raceway groove is located at Sichuan Province Li County mountain area mudstone
It flows in basin.Through field investigation, the raceway groove is more straight unimpeded, and degree of congestion is more slight, therefore mud-rock flow raceway groove roughness coefficien
ncTemporary value 0.15.The gradient of raceway groove section is through measuring, I=0.122.Raceway groove section part is provided with ultrasonic wave mud level meter, can survey
Measure mud-rock flow mud face height.In August, 2009, the raceway groove is interior to occur small-sized mud-rock flow, through measuring, the peak value elevation in the section mud face
For H=76.98m.The secondary debris flow and landslips pass through rain flood method inverse, flow Q '=17.65m3/s。
Using the debris flow velocity field analysis method of the natural irregular section of raceway groove of the present invention, to section at this into
The analysis of row velocity field calculates.It is as follows：
Step 1：The natural raceway groove section that in-site measurement obtains is segmented.Centered on selecting raceway groove stream central line, both ends
The raceway groove section of distance 7.00m is zoning, raceway groove cross section is divided into 350 sections according to separation delta x=0.02m, every section of volume
Number it is respectively i=1,2 ..., 350, and record every section of corresponding ditch bed surface elevation Zi.Wherein, raceway groove segmentation marked as i
Ditch height of bed journey at=152 is minimum, i.e. Z152=75.50m.
Step 2：The mud-rock flow mud face height H=76.98m measured using ultrasonic wave mud level meter, tentative calculation correspond to each section of ditch bed
The mud depth h1 at placeiWith mean flow rate vi；Mud depth h1 at corresponding each section of ditch bedi, calculation formula is：
h1i=H-Zi
Be computed, the depth of water of the section part raceway groove stream central line is most deep, is 1.48m, corresponding raceway groove segmentation marked as i=
152, i.e. h1152=1.48m.Mud-rock flow mud is deep most shallow at the dry and wet circumference in two sections of raceway groove mud face, is 0.00m, corresponding raceway groove segmentation
Marked as i=21 and i=308, i.e. h121=0.00m, h1308=0.00m.
The mean flow rate v of corresponding each section of ditch bediIt is calculated using Manning formula, calculation formula is：
Section first temporarily takes n through on-site inspection and measurement, debris flow gully bed roughness coefficien at thisc=0.15 carries out tentative calculation, ditch
Longitudinal ratio drop I=0.122 of road section.According to given parameters, corresponding mean flow rate v in every section of raceway groove can be calculatedi.Through meter
Calculate, the mean flow rate of the section part raceway groove stream central line is maximum, is 3.51m/s, corresponding raceway groove segmentation marked as i=152, i.e.,
v152=3.51m/s.Speed is minimum at the dry and wet circumference in two sections of raceway groove mud face, is 0.00m/s, corresponding raceway groove segmentation marked as i
=21 and i=308, i.e. v21=0.00m/s, v308=0.00m/s.
Step 3：For every section of raceway groove, by separation delta y=0.02m by mud-rock flow on mud depth direction, it is deep with stream central line mud
h115274 layers are divided into subject to=1.48m, by mud-rock flow mud face for origin, the corresponding depth of every layer of tentative calculation be h2j=
0.02j, wherein j=1,2 ..., 74, and calculate the flow velocity v on mud depth direction for depthI, j, calculation formula is：
Wherein, α is the correction factor of debris flow velocity, and α values are 0.5.Be computed, on mud-rock flow depth direction flow velocity from
Surface is gradually reduced down.Mud-rock flow mud surface current speed is maximum, is 4.77m/s, and corresponding depth is the 1st layer, i.e. v152,1=4.77m/
s.Ditch bed surface velocity is minimum, by taking ditch bed surface water velocity at stream central line as an example, v152,74=1.59m/s.
Step 4：Flow velocity field computation result is checked.Natural raceway groove section is divided into laterally 350 sections, depth direction 74
Layer, amounts to 350 × 74 grid cells, and corresponding unit number is the unit of flow Q of (i, j)I, jCalculation formula is QI, j=Δ x Δs
yvI, j.As at stream central line mud-rock flow surface in the cell of reference numeral (152,1), unit of flow Q152,1=0.02 × 0.02 ×
4.770.00191m3/s.Finally to the unit of flow Q in all unit gridsI, jIt sums, can obtain flowing through the natural ditch
Debris flow and landslips Q in the irregular section in road.It is computed, the natural irregular raceway groove section is in mud-rock flow roughness coefficien nc=
Under conditions of 0.15, tentative calculation flow Q=17.71m3/s.If control coefrficient β=0.05 of computational accuracy, by the trial result
It is calculated：
Therefore, using mud-rock flow roughness coefficien ncWhen=0.150, the debris flow velocity field of calculating meets effect checking and wants
It asks, therefore, corresponds to the flow velocity v in each grid at this timeI, jThe as debris flow velocity field distribution of the section.If being unsatisfactory for achievement inspection
Core requirement, then should adjust mud-rock flow roughness coefficien nc, process described in step 1-4 is repeated, it is laggard to recalculate debris flow velocity field
Row effect checking, until satisfaction checks requirement.Mud-rock flow roughness coefficien ncAdjustment according to being：If Q is more than Q ', suitably
Increase bed roughness coefficient ncIf Q is less than Q ＇, appropriate to reduce bed roughness coefficient nc.Velocity field can disclose in mudstone flow section
The flow condition of any position, Fig. 3 illustrate the debris flow velocity situation of different depth position.
It is rectangle by complicated irregular natural raceway groove simplified section, then if simplifying method using tradition is common
Mean flow rate in the section of calculating is 3.02m3/ s, the result of calculation are obviously smaller than the calculated maximum of the method for the invention
Flow velocity 4.77m3/s.Reason is that conventional method can not reflect the irregular complicated fluctuations of natural ditch bed, therefore underestimates
Debris flow velocity designs prevention and cure project with this, prevention and cure project stability parameter is easily caused to cannot be satisfied requirement, causes to prevent work
It is damaged when journey is disaster-stricken.
The method of the invention, not only allows for the influence of the irregular section of natural raceway groove, while also being pushed away by specification
The rain flood method flow recommended has carried out effect checking, and result of calculation can reflect the uneven distribution characteristic of flow velocity in section, compare
Conventional method is more accurate, disclosure satisfy that the primary demand of debris flow control works design work.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of analysis method of the debris flow velocity field of the irregular section of natural raceway groove, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：Raceway groove is segmented；
The horizontal equidistant Δ x of the ditch bed cross section progress of flow velocity to be calculated is divided into n sections, and obtains the elevation on every section of ditch bed surface
For Zi, unit m, wherein i indicates that ditch bed cross section is segmented label, i=1,2 ..., n；
Step 2：Mud-rock flow mean flow rate on each section of ditch bed cross section of tentative calculation；
According to debris flow gully bed degree of congestion, roughness coefficien n is chosenc, in conjunction with the mud depth h1 on each section of ditch bed cross sectioniIt calculates each
Mud-rock flow mean flow rate v on section ditch bed cross sectioni；
Step 3：The debris flow velocity of each grid cell of tentative calculation, and the flow velocity of each grid cell is formed into debris flow velocity field；
Ditch bed cross section is subjected to vertical equidistant Δ y on mud depth direction and is divided into m layers, obtains the irregular section of natural raceway groove
N × m grid cell, the debris flow velocity in each grid cell are vI, j；Wherein, on mud depth direction each layer depth h2jIt is
Using mud-rock flow mud face as initial planar, j indicates each layer label, j=1,2 ..., m；
Step 4：Judge whether current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement；
The debris flow velocity of each grid cell obtained with step 3 calculates the debris flow and landslips of the corresponding natural irregular section of raceway groove
Q, if Q and Q ' is close, current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement, otherwise, chooses roughness coefficien again
nc, return to step 2 recalculates；
Wherein, the debris flow and landslips for the irregular section of the natural raceway groove of correspondence that Q ' expressions are calculated using rain flood method；
QI, jIndicate the debris flow and landslips in grid cell, QI, j=Δ x Δs yvI, j。
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described choose roughness coefficien n againcCriterion it is as follows：
If Q is more than Q ', increase bed roughness coefficient ncIf Q is less than Q ', reduce bed roughness coefficient nc；
Wherein, for the more raceway groove of irregular, meander channel or stone weeds, ncValue range is 0.25-0.15；For suitable
Directly, cleaning, unimpeded raceway groove, ncValue range is 0.15-0.10.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the Q and Q ' close refers to meeting following approximation to sentence
Other formula：
Wherein, β is the control coefrficient of computational accuracy, value range 0.05-0.10.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the debris flow velocity in each grid cell is vI, j's
Calculation formula is as follows：
Wherein, α is the correction factor of debris flow velocity, and it is the raceway groove measured by topographic map that value range 0-1, which is 0.5, I,
Longitudinal ratio drop of section.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the value of the correction factor α of the debris flow velocity is
0.5。
6. a kind of analytical equipment of the debris flow velocity field of the irregular section of natural raceway groove, which is characterized in that including：
Raceway groove segmentation module：For the horizontal equidistant Δ x of the ditch bed cross section progress of flow velocity to be calculated to be divided into n sections, and obtain
The elevation on every section of ditch bed surface is Zi, unit m, wherein i indicates that ditch bed cross section is segmented label, i=1,2 ..., n；
Mud-rock flow mean flow rate computing module：According to debris flow gully bed degree of congestion, roughness coefficien n is chosenc, in conjunction with each section of ditch bed
Mud depth h1 on cross sectioniCalculate the mud-rock flow mean flow rate v on each section of ditch bed cross sectioni；
Ditch bed net lattice division module：Ditch bed cross section is subjected to vertical equidistant Δ y on mud depth direction and is divided into m layers, obtains day
N × m grid cell of the irregular section of right raceway groove, and calculate the debris flow velocity v in each grid cellI, j；
Wherein, on mud depth direction each layer depth h2jIt is using mud-rock flow mud face as initial planar, j indicates each layer label, j=1,
2 ..., m；
Debris flow velocity field builds module：The flow velocity of each grid cell is formed into debris flow velocity field；
Velocity field correction verification module：Verify whether current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement；
The debris flow velocity of each grid cell obtained with ditch bed net lattice division module calculates the corresponding natural irregular section of raceway groove
Debris flow and landslips Q, if Q and Q ' is close, current debris flow velocity field computation result meets accuracy requirement, otherwise, again
Choose roughness coefficien nc, recalculated using mud-rock flow mean flow rate computing module, obtain new debris flow velocity field；
Wherein, the debris flow and landslips for the irregular section of the natural raceway groove of correspondence that Q ' expressions are calculated using rain flood method；
QI, jIndicate the debris flow and landslips in grid cell, QI, j=Δ x Δs yvI, j。
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the nc of selection roughness coefficien again is true according to following procedure
It is fixed：
If Q is more than Q ＇, increase bed roughness coefficient ncIf Q is less than Q ＇, reduce bed roughness coefficient nc；
Wherein, for the more raceway groove of irregular, meander channel or stone weeds, ncValue range is 0.25-0.15；For suitable
Directly, cleaning, unimpeded raceway groove, ncValue range is 0.15-0.10.
8. the method described according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that the Q and Q ' close refers to meeting following approximation to sentence
Other formula：
Wherein, β is the control coefrficient of computational accuracy, value range 0.05-0.10.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109376416A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-22 | 中南大学 | Gully type mud-rock flow channel Circulation Area dimensional topography evolution analysis method |
| CN109447415A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-08 | 成都理工大学 | Mud-rock flow risk division methods and its application after a kind of macroseism |
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| JP2000039342A (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-08 | Yasumasa Itakura | Measuring probe used for debris flow detection system |
| CN102288778A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-12-21 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface speed of debris flow in real time based on grid object tracking |
| CN107506566A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of new dynamics of debris flow Numerical Analysis methods and system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000039342A (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-08 | Yasumasa Itakura | Measuring probe used for debris flow detection system |
| CN102288778A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-12-21 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface speed of debris flow in real time based on grid object tracking |
| CN107506566A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of new dynamics of debris flow Numerical Analysis methods and system |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109447415A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-08 | 成都理工大学 | Mud-rock flow risk division methods and its application after a kind of macroseism |
| CN109447415B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2021-11-19 | 成都理工大学 | Debris flow danger division method after strong earthquake and application thereof |
| CN109376416A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-22 | 中南大学 | Gully type mud-rock flow channel Circulation Area dimensional topography evolution analysis method |
| CN109376416B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2022-12-27 | 中南大学 | Three-dimensional terrain evolution analysis method for valley type debris flow channel circulation area |
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