CN108406093A - A kind of micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint - Google Patents
A kind of micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN108406093A CN108406093A CN201810307197.1A CN201810307197A CN108406093A CN 108406093 A CN108406093 A CN 108406093A CN 201810307197 A CN201810307197 A CN 201810307197A CN 108406093 A CN108406093 A CN 108406093A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to laser assisted microprocessing technical fields, more particularly to a kind of micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint, to be based on the accurate constituency of ultrafast laser, the micro-nano texture technology of otherness functionalization of morphology controllable, using ultrafast laser as energy source, for metal welding joints different zones (weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area) otherness object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure carry out the targetedly micro-nano texture of functionalization, and then realize surface modifications and the modification of docking head surface and end region, and then improve the corrosion-resistant and wear resistance of metal welding joint surface and end regions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser assisted microprocessing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint is micro-
Nanometer texture method.
Background technology
The welding of metal material is to engage of the same race or dissimilar metal in a manner of heating, high temperature or high pressure and realize permanent
Property connection a kind of manufacturing process and technology, have in multiple fields such as aerospace, automobile making, steamer manufactures and widely answer
With.The method of metal welding includes mainly melting welding, soldering and agitating friction weldering etc..Wherein, melting welding is to make engaging member by heating
Be partially melting to form molten bath, so that engaging member is connected with each other after the cooled and solidified of molten bath, in melting welding, be also possible to as needed
Filling other soldering material auxiliary welding while heating weldment.Soldering is mainly characterized by using more low-melting than weldment
Metal material makes brazing filler metal melts soak infusible base material as solder, by heating, meanwhile, the solder after fusing will be filled in
Joint area simultaneously realizes welding with base material phase counterdiffusion.Agitating friction weldering is by the special shaft shoulder of a cylindricality band and needle is convex stirs
It mixes a high speed rotation and is slowly inserted into workpiece, the stirring-head proximity under the friction heat effect that stirring-head and soldered material generate
The material in domain starts to be plasticized, when stirring-head is rotating forward movement, the metal material of thermoplastification from the forward position of stirring-head backward
Along transfer, and under the stirring-head shaft shoulder and workpiece surface frictional heat and forging and stamping collective effect, form solid diffusivity connector.
There is connector area after welding, and according to connector difference no matter using which kind of mode in the welding for metal material
The object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure in region, welding point are divided into weld metal zone, heat affected area (agitating friction weldering welding point
There is also the thermomechanical zones of influence) and base material area.Wherein, the variation of weld metal zone material shows as solidifying knot again from solid state into liquid state
Crystalline substance is at solid-state, and in crystallization process, due to welding the influence of heat effect, the crystal grain of weld metal zone is generally more tiny compared with base material area,
Weld pipe mill is commonly tiny equiax crystal, and weld metal zone edge grain growth direction becomes column crystal along the negative direction of hot-fluid, more
Further, since the influence of heat effect is also possible to lead to the distortion of lattice of weld metal zone, meanwhile, crystal grain especially grain boundaries generally have
New precipitated phase so that the chemical composition of weld metal zone changes.Although heat affected area is always solid-state but due to heat effect
Influence, so that crystal grain becomes larger, there may also be new precipitated phase in intra-die and grain boundaries.Finally, although base material area also has one
Fixed heat effect but not there is any influence to materials microstructure and chemical composition etc..In short, welding point is same matrix
But with the distinct regions of variant heterogeneous microstructure, the object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure of material, such as chemical composition, group
Knit crystal habit (grain form and size, distortion of lattice etc.), precipitation phase constituent and distribution etc. differ.Furthermore it welds
Each interregional curve for complexity of connector, each region are in random shape.Just because of each region object phase constituent and microcosmic group
Knit the difference of structure so that the corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of welding point especially heat affected area are weak compared with base material area.Corrosion and
Abrasion is the principal mode of material failure, and therefore, corrosion-resistant and abrasion resistance the method that welding point is strengthened in research has weight
The realistic meaning wanted.
Invention content
To solve above-mentioned technological difficulties, the present invention provides a kind of micro-nano texture side of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint
Method, using ultrafast laser as energy source, for the object phase of plumb joint different zones (weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area) otherness
Ingredient and heterogeneous microstructure targetedly select the micro-nano texture of the functionalization of ultrafast laser, realize the surface and end of plumb joint
The surface modifications in face region and modification, the effect of reaching corrosion resistant antiwear.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme is that：A kind of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint is micro-nano
Texture method, step include：(1) according to the object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure of the pretreated metal plumb joint of measurement,
Determine metal plumb joint weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area and each region on object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure
Difference；
(2) according to the object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure of weld metal zone, each region in heat affected area and base material area, differentiation choosing
Take ultrafast laser across the micro-nano texture of scale, in weld metal zone, each region in heat affected area and base material area surface and/or end face into
Row ultrafast laser texture, so that tissue topography's system of weld metal zone, the surface in each region in heat affected area and base material area and/or end face
One change and/or crystal form and grain size homogenization and/or crystal grain refinement, and/or the mixed crystal of homogenization is formed, and/or improve
Distortion, and/or change object phase and object phase constituent, to realize weld metal zone, the surface in each region in heat affected area and base material area and/or
The homogenization of end face tissue and is mutually dissolved at serialization.
The ultrafast laser includes that monocycle nanometer ripple texture, binary cycle nanometer ripple are knitted across the micro-nano texture of scale
Structure, micro-nano granules texture or composite micro-nano texture etc..
The composite micro-nano texture by it is spaced in laterally, longitudinally, laterally with it is longitudinally perpendicular or horizontal and vertical more
Angle intersects arrangement, size adjustable multiple unit texture composition.The shape of the composite micro-nano texture includes close joint
Shape, criss-cross, hole type, circular pit shape, orthogonal square column type or parallel grating shape etc..The shape of the unit texture has circle
Shape, ellipse, ripple channel-shaped, straight line channel-shaped or rectangular etc..
The parameter of the ultrafast laser includes：Pulse width is less than 12ps, 355~1064nm of wavelength, 0~2W of power, weight
1~100KHz of complex frequency.
The object phase constituent of the metal plumb joint and the measurement method of heterogeneous microstructure include：Use metallographic microscope
And/or the surface topography of scanning electronic microscope observation metal plumb joint；The EDX energy spectrometer analysis gold carried using scanning electron microscope
Belong to the chemical composition of plumb joint；Using transmission electron microscope and/or X-ray diffractometer to the phase structure and crystalline substance of metal plumb joint
Lattice parameter carries out analysis test.
The surface topography includes die type, and/or grain size, and/or crystal grain distribution.
The chemical composition analysis of the metal plumb joint includes crystal boundary and/or transgranular otherness constituent content.
The shape of the weld metal zone, the surface in each region in heat affected area and base material area and/or end face is plane or song
Face.
The preprocess method of the metal plumb joint includes the polishing and cleaning carried out successively, and metal plumb joint table is removed in polishing
The impurity of face and end regions, oxide and greasy dirt, are cleaned with acetone later.Specifically, with sand paper polishing metal plumb joint, sand
Paper selects abrasive paper for metallograph；Acetone cleaning way is ultrasound, uses distilled water flushing after supersound process, dries spare.
Compared with the existing technology, advantages of the present invention is：
Object phase of the method for the present invention according to metal plumb joint different zones (weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area) otherness
Ingredient and heterogeneous microstructure make full use of the accurate choosing of the micro-nano texture technology of ultrafast laser using ultrafast laser as energy source
The advantages of area's processing, morphology controllable processing ,/curved surface area flat to the difference of different types of metal plumb joint carry out otherness
Functionalized surface texture, improve metal plumb joint on each region (weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area) it is corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant
Performance is damaged, so as to improve the corrosion-resistant and wear resistance of entire metal plumb joint and metal weldment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is weld metal zone, heat affected area and the base material area distribution schematic diagram of metal plumb joint.In figure, the weld metal zones A-, B- heat
The zone of influence, C- base materials area.
Fig. 2 is weld metal zone, heat affected area and the base material area distribution schematic diagram of different type metal plumb joint.In figure, A- welderings
Stitch area, the heat affected areas B-, C- base materials area.
Fig. 3 is the micro-nano texture characteristic electron microscope of ultrafast laser and schematic diagram.Fig. 3 (a) induces for ultrafast laser nanoscale
The electron microscope of external waviness and humble meter level ablation pore space structure：Monocycle nanometer ripple, binary cycle nanometer ripple and micro-nano
Particle；Fig. 3 (b) is the electron microscope (i.e. composite micro-nano texture) of ultrafast laser ablation large area micro-nano surface, including
Close joint, grid, hole, circular pit, orthogonal square column, parallel grating；Fig. 3 (c) is ultrafast laser ablation micron order large area knot
Structure schematic diagram, including microcellular structure, micro groove structure and chi structure, in figure, a is the center of two neighboring micropore in X direction
Between distance, b be y direction on two neighboring micropore distance between centers, c be micropore diameter；D is to be arranged along X direction
Two neighboring microflute distance between center lines, e be microflute width；F is to be arranged along X direction in microflute cross arrangement structure
The distance between center lines of the two neighboring microflute of row, g are the width of the microflute along X direction arrangement in microflute cross arrangement structure
Degree, h are the distance between center lines of the two neighboring microflute along y direction arrangement in microflute cross arrangement structure, and i hands over for microflute
The width of the microflute in arrangement architecture along y direction arrangement is pitched, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i are variable.
Fig. 4 is the micro-nano texture schematic diagram of ultrafast laser of plumb joint.In figure, the weld metal zones A-, the heat affected areas B-, C- base materials
Area.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to following reality
Apply example.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, according to the difference of the object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure of metal plumb joint different zones,
Metal plumb joint is divided into weld metal zone (A), heat affected area (B) and base material area (C), the surface of weld metal zone (A) is commonly curved surface,
Heat affected area (B) and the surface of base material area (C) are plane or curved surface.In welding process, the weld metal zone of metal plumb joint, heat affecting
Area and the physical and chemical changes carried out in base material area are different, even if in respective region, the physical and chemical changes that are carried out
There is also difference, respectively the object phase constituent in region and heterogeneous microstructure are equally also deposited for weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area
In difference, cause metal plumb joint corrosion-resistant and the reduction of abrasion resistance.
Laser is due to good directionality, coherence and high energy density, and matter interaction, to be answered extensively
Use the substances processing technique field such as cutting, welding, surface treatment and punching.Using laser carry out surface treatment, can compared with
It is completed in short time, and the institutional framework of workpiece surface is made to change, form certain thickness surface reforming layer；And workpiece table
The laser treatment in face has alternative, is conducive to the physical and mechanical properties for targetedly improving workpiece surface, keeps workpiece whole
Body keeps enough toughness and intensity, improves corrosion-resistant and wear resistance, obtains higher, specific performance.
The present invention concrete operations be：
(1) it chooses one piece of metal weldment with plumb joint and it is pre-processed, main includes using abrasive paper for metallograph
Dock the uniform grinding of head surface and end regions, in order to the impurity such as oxide and the greasy dirt on surface are removed, it hereafter, will
The metal weldment, which is placed in acetone after ultrasonic cleaning is clean, to be taken out and with distilled water flushing, dries spare.
(2) metallographic microscope is used to observe the surface topography of the welding head region of pretreated metal weldment, specifically
Type, size including crystal grain and distribution；The pattern of head region is welded using scanning electronic microscope observation；Utilize scanning electron microscope
The chemical composition of included EDX energy spectrometer analysis welding head region, is important to concern crystal boundary and transgranular otherness constituent content；
The phase structure of welding head region is carried out using transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer and the analysis of lattice parameter is tested.
(3) according to measurement, analyze and determine the different zones of plumb joint, i.e. weld metal zone, heat affected area and base material area, and
Difference of each region on object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure.
(4) different zones are cut and prepare each region sample.
(5) ultrafast laser surface micronano functionalization texture is carried out to the sample of each region, wherein ultrafast laser is basic
Parameter includes that pulse width is less than 12ps, 355~1064nm of wavelength, 0~2W of power, 1~100KHz of repetition rate.And according to figure
Specific texture features shown in 3 adjust scanning when laser energy value, the ablation umber of pulse or ablation microflute of the single micropore of irradiation
Speed and scanning times, and according to the spacing of texture micro-structure, the displacement distance of sample is adjusted, finally in the table of each region sample
Plane texture goes out different surface micronano structures as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 3 (a) is the electron microscope that ultrafast laser nanoscale induces external waviness and humble meter level ablation pore space structure：Single-revolution
Phase nanometer ripple, binary cycle nanometer ripple and micro-nano granules；Fig. 3 (b) is ultrafast laser ablation large area micro-nano composite surface
The electron microscope (i.e. composite micro-nano texture) of structure, including close joint, grid, hole, circular pit, orthogonal square column, parallel grating；Figure
3 (c) is ultrafast laser ablation micron order large area structure schematic diagram, including microcellular structure, micro groove structure and chi structure, list
The shape of position texture is respectively round, straight line channel-shaped and rectangular.
The micro-nano texture in ultrafast laser metal surface includes mainly two kinds of processing mechanisms of induced with laser and laser ablation.Its
In, generally in nanometer scale, mechanism may be summarized to be incident laser and scattered with metal surface the microstructure size of induced with laser
The interference of wave, and the removal of material is in nanoscale.Furthermore based on laser ablation is the ablation by laser beam to metal material
A kind of micron scale construction processing.In short, by the micro-nano texture of ultrafast laser, the unitized tissue on surface can be obtained
Pattern, homogenization crystal form and grain size, crystal grain thinning, homogenization " mixed crystal " state, improvement distortion, change object phase and object coordinate
Grade, improves the hardness of surface reforming layer and corrosion-resistant and wear resistance.
(6) corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant test is carried out to the texturing sample in each region, research otherness functionalization texture
Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant mechanism obtains the best-of-breed functionality pattern for different zones based on test result, final to obtain
Improve that welding point is corrosion-resistant and the best texture characteristic and its technological parameter of abrasion resistance.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference of metal plumb joint, which is characterized in that step includes：(1) basis
The object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure of the pretreated metal plumb joint measured, determine weld metal zone, the heat of metal plumb joint
The difference of the zone of influence and base material area and each region on object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure；(2) according to weld metal zone, heat affecting
The object phase constituent and heterogeneous microstructure in each region in area and base material area, differentiation choose ultrafast laser across the micro-nano texture of scale,
To in weld metal zone, each region in heat affected area and base material area surface and/or end face carry out ultrafast laser texture so that weld metal zone,
The tissue topography on surface and/or end face in each region in heat affected area and base material area is unitized and/or crystal form and grain size it is equal
One change and/or crystal grain refinement, and/or the mixed crystal of homogenization is formed, and/or improve distortion, and/or change object phase and object coordinate
Point, to realize weld metal zone, the homogenization of the surface in each region in heat affected area and base material area and/or end face tissue, serialization and
Mutually dissolve.
2. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ultrafast laser across
The micro-nano texture of scale includes monocycle nanometer ripple texture, binary cycle nanometer ripple texture, micro-nano granules texture or multiple
Close micro-nano texture.
3. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the composite micro-nano is knitted
Structure is by spaced in lateral, longitudinally, laterally intersect with longitudinally perpendicular or horizontal and vertical multi-angle arrangement, size
Adjustable multiple unit texture compositions.
4. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the unit texture
Shape has circle, ellipse, ripple channel-shaped, straight line channel-shaped or rectangular.
5. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the composite micro-nano is knitted
The shape of structure includes close joint shape, criss-cross, hole type, circular pit shape, orthogonal square column type or parallel grating shape.
6. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ultrafast laser
Parameter includes：Pulse width is less than 12ps, 355~1064nm of wavelength, 0~2W of power, 1~100KHz of repetition rate.
7. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metal plumb joint
Object phase constituent and the measurement method of heterogeneous microstructure include：Use metallographic microscope and/or scanning electronic microscope observation
The surface topography of metal plumb joint；Utilize the chemical composition for the EDX energy spectrometer analysis metal plumb joints that scanning electron microscope carries；It uses
Transmission electron microscope and/or X-ray diffractometer carry out analysis test to the phase structure of metal plumb joint and lattice parameter.
8. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the surface topography packet
Die type, and/or grain size, and/or crystal grain distribution are included, the chemical composition analysis of the metal plumb joint includes crystal boundary
And/or transgranular otherness constituent content.
9. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the weld metal zone, heat
The shape on surface and/or end face in each region in the zone of influence and base material area is plane or curved surface.
10. the micro-nano texture method of ultrafast laser difference according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metal welding
Head preprocess method include the polishing and cleaning carried out successively, polishing go metal welding joint surface and end regions impurity,
Oxide and greasy dirt, are cleaned with acetone later.
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