CN103084729B - A kind of tracing method studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process - Google Patents
A kind of tracing method studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103084729B CN103084729B CN201110338106.9A CN201110338106A CN103084729B CN 103084729 B CN103084729 B CN 103084729B CN 201110338106 A CN201110338106 A CN 201110338106A CN 103084729 B CN103084729 B CN 103084729B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tracing method studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, belong to agitating friction solder technology field.The method is by means such as Linear cut, chemical oxidation or anodic oxidations, and workpiece interface or upper surface manufacture one deck artificial oxidation film; Then carry out agitating friction welding, after having welded, rapidly stirring tool is extracted, according to the distribution of oxide around keyhole and in joint, analyze the material flowing deformation mechanism in welding process.The invention solves marker material interfering material stream in conventional method to become, the problems such as real material flowing information can not be reflected, be applicable to various metal material, comprise the welding research of aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites, will have broad application prospects in the research of material flow mechanism in stir friction welding process.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to agitating friction solder technology field, specifically provide a kind of tracing method studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, be applicable to the agitating friction welding of various metal material, comprise aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites.
Background technology:
Agitating friction welding is a kind of solid phase joining technique in Britain's invention in 1991, do not have in welding process the fusing of material, heat input little, thus welding point does not have melting welding defect, welding deformation and residual stress little, be specially adapted to the low-melting-point metals such as welding aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and copper alloy, also can be used for the welding of the high-melting-points such as titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites and difficult wlding material, be used widely at industrial circles such as Aero-Space, track traffic, boats and ships, automobiles.
The above-mentioned advantage of agitating friction solder technology derives from its special connection procedure: the soldering appliance of an on-consumable (being made up of the shaft shoulder of particular design and mixing needle) High Rotation Speed inserts welding position and advances along seam.Soldering appliance and friction of workpiece produce high heat and input and severe plastic deformation, and two workpiece link together under the acting in conjunction of frictional heat and severe plastic deformation.
In this course, the material plastic flow that heat input and plastic deformation cause is two important points of penetration of research agitating friction solder technology.Wherein, heat input is the important indicator weighing material structure and mechanical property, can be characterized by temperature survey or Simulation on Temperature Field.And the plastic flow process of material understands the Forming Mechanism of nugget and the basis of Microstructural Evolution, but, flow process due to material is sightless, make the experimental study of material flowing deformation mechanism receive a definite limitation, and the numerical simulation study of strain field is due to the very difficult realization of complexity of material flowing deformation process.This directly affects the optimization of soldering appliance design and welding parameter.
In order to understand the rheology rule of material in stir friction welding process, various laboratory facilities are used, and wherein arranging marker material is within a fitting the most frequently used method.By following the trail of the distribution of marker material in friction stir welding joint, the plastic flow process of research material.Traditional research method is as follows:
By small metal ball [K.Colligan, Material flow behavior during friction stir weldingof aluminum, Welding Journal, 1999, 78, 229-237], aluminum alloy sheet [T.U.Seidel and A.P.Reynolds, Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction stir welds using amarker insert technique, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2001, 32, 2879-2884], fine aluminium sheet [S.W.Xu and X.M.Deng, A study of texture patterns in frictionstir welds, Acta Materialia, 2008, 56, 1326-1341] or pure copper sheet [H.N.B.Schmidt, et al, Material flow in butt friction stir welds in AA2024-T3, Acta Materialia, 2006, 54, 1199-1209] etc. marker material be placed on workpiece interface or upper surface, after having welded, by following the trail of marker material distribution within a fitting, the plastic flow mechanism of research material.But traditional marker material method exists obviously not enough:
The first, be placed on by external marker material on interface or upper surface, this marker material is separated with interface, changes original interface state.
Second this external marker material have impact on the material flowing in welding process, thus can not reflect real material nowed forming.
In fact, for the alloy such as aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy, the very thin oxide-film of one deck can be formed on interface after they place a period of time in atmosphere, this layer of oxide-film is a kind of good marker material being used for marker material flowing, but, severe plastic deformation in its very easily soldered process is smashed, and thus not easily observes.If oxide-film is thickeied, make it to be easy to observe after friction stir welding, so just can review the Plastic Flow process of material.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tracing method studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, solve conventional tag material and upset deformation process, the problems such as original material flow process cannot be reflected.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Study a tracing method for material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, by manual method, workpiece interface or upper surface manufacture layer oxide film; Then agitating friction welding is carried out to workpiece, after having welded, mixing needle is extracted; According to the distribution of oxide around welding keyhole and in welding point, analyze the material flowing deformation mechanism in welding process.
Described manual method is Linear cut, chemical oxidation or anodic oxidation, is different from the forming process of natural oxide film, and its function is to prepare the oxide-film thicker than Natural Oxide Film.
The thickness of manufactured oxide-film is 0.2 ~ 50 μm.
After having welded, the pumpback time of staying of soldering appliance is 0 second, the pumpback speed (mm/s) of mixing needle and ratio >=30 of sheet metal thickness (measured material thickness) (mm).
Said method is applicable to aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel or metal-base composites.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, compared with traditional external mark MATERIALS METHODS, the present invention reduces the impact of marker material on material flow process together with can ensureing that marker material is closely connected with matrix to the full extent.
2, in the present invention, marker material has certain thickness, conveniently observes under metallographic and SEM;
3, after having welded, rapidly soldering appliance is extracted, can obtain closest to original material flow regime.Therefore, the preparation method of this marker material has important meaning for the study mechanism that agitating friction welds.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the distribution map that in the present invention, agitating friction welds made oxide in 2024 aluminum alloy joints.
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view that when not adopting the inventive method, agitating friction welds 2024 aluminum alloy joints.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Be the length direction cutting of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 × 90 × 5mm along size with wire cutting method, manufacture one deck artificial oxidation film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 10 μm, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then using the side with artificial oxidation's film as interface, carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 400rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, as shown in Figure 1, in figure, black curve is made oxide, its distribution is within a fitting high-visible, and visible oxide is distribution in " S " shape, and the tissue of oxide both sides is obviously different.
Comparative example 1
Clean up with 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials that size is 300 × 90 × 5mm by acetone, directly carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 400rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, as shown in Figure 2, oxide distribution is within a fitting smudgy, is difficult to distinguish.
Embodiment 2
Be the length direction cutting of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 × 90 × 5mm along size with wire cutting method, manufacture layer oxide film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 8 μm, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then using the side with artificial oxidation's film as interface, carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 800rpm, and gait of march is 200mm/min.After having welded, immediately soldering appliance is extracted from workpiece with the speed of 500mm/s.Intercept keyhole sample to observe, clearly can observe the distribution of oxide around keyhole, thus obtain original material flowing deformation information.
Comparative example 2
Be the length direction cutting of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 × 90 × 5mm along size with wire cutting method, manufacture layer oxide film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 8 μm, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then using the side with artificial oxidation's film as interface, carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 800rpm, and gait of march is 200mm/min.After having welded, soldering appliance original place is extracted from keyhole with the speed of 30mm/s after rotating 2s.Intercept keyhole sample to observe, the oxide observed is in disorder distribution around keyhole, cannot obtain original material flow regime.
Embodiment 3
Be the length direction cutting of the AZ91 magnesium alloy plate of 200 × 80 × 8mm along size with wire cutting method, manufacture layer oxide film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 15 μm, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then using the side with artificial oxidation's film as interface, carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 600rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse sample, clearly can observe oxide distribution within a fitting.
Comparative example 3
Clean up from the AZ91 magnesium alloy plate with acetone by size being 200 × 80 × 8mm, directly carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 600rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, oxide distribution is within a fitting smudgy, is difficult to distinguish.
Embodiment 4
Be the side manufacture layer oxide film of 2014 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 × 100 × 5mm in size with chemical oxidation method, thickness is 0.5 μm, clean with alcohol washes.Then using the side with artificial oxidation's film as interface, carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 400rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse sample, clearly can observe oxide distribution within a fitting.
Comparative example 4
Clean up from 2014 aluminum alloy plate materials with acetone by size being 300 × 100 × 5mm, directly carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 400rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, oxide distribution is within a fitting smudgy, is difficult to distinguish.
Embodiment 5
Be the side manufacture layer oxide film of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 170 × 90 × 5mm in size with anode oxidation method, thickness is 30 μm, clean with alcohol washes.Then using the side with artificial oxidation's film as interface, carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 500rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse sample, clearly can observe oxide distribution within a fitting.
Comparative example 5
Clean up with 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials that size is 170 × 90 × 5mm by acetone, directly carry out agitating friction welding to sheet material, welding rotating speed is 500rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After having welded, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, oxide distribution is within a fitting smudgy, is difficult to distinguish.
Result of the test shows that the present invention is applicable to the spike of material flowing deformation behavior in the stir friction welding process of various metal material, comprises aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites etc.
Claims (2)
1. study a tracing method for material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, it is characterized in that, process is as follows: by manual method, and workpiece interface or upper surface manufacture layer oxide film; Then agitating friction welding is carried out to workpiece, after having welded, mixing needle is extracted; According to the distribution of oxide around welding keyhole and in welding point, analyze the material flowing deformation mechanism in welding process; Described manual method is Linear cut, chemical oxidation or anodic oxidation; The thickness of manufactured oxide-film is 0.2 ~ 30 μm;
After having welded, the pumpback time of staying of soldering appliance is 0 second, the pumpback speed of mixing needle and ratio >=30 of sheet metal thickness, and the unit of described pumpback speed is mm/s, and the unit of sheet metal thickness is mm.
2. according to the tracing method for studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method is applicable to aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel or metal-base composites.
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| CN103521940B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-06-24 | 天津大学 | Method for observing flowing of friction stir welding junction surface materials |
| CN107570861A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | A kind of detection characterizing method of stir friction welding seam metal plastic flowing feature |
| CN113102873A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 湘潭大学 | Method for representing friction stir welding flow field |
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