CN103084729A - Tracing method for researching rheological behavior of material during friction stir welding process - Google Patents
Tracing method for researching rheological behavior of material during friction stir welding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103084729A CN103084729A CN2011103381069A CN201110338106A CN103084729A CN 103084729 A CN103084729 A CN 103084729A CN 2011103381069 A CN2011103381069 A CN 2011103381069A CN 201110338106 A CN201110338106 A CN 201110338106A CN 103084729 A CN103084729 A CN 103084729A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tracing method for researching rheological behavior of a material during a friction stir welding process, and belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding. The tracing method includes: manufacturing an artificial oxidation film layer on a butt joint surface or an upper surface of a workpiece by means of linear cutting, or chemical oxidizing or anodizing and the like; performing friction stir welding, unplugging a stirring tool immediately after welding is finished, and analyzing a rheological mechanism of the material during the welding process according to distribution of oxide around a key hole and in a joint. The tracing method solves the problems that material rheology is interfered by the material and material flow information cannot be reflected accurately in conventional methods, is applicable to welding researches of various metal materials including aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, steel and composite metal material, and has broad application prospect in research of rheological mechanism of the material during the welding process.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to agitating friction solder technology field, a kind of tracing method of studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process is provided especially, be applicable to the agitating friction welding of various metal materials, comprise aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites.
Background technology:
The agitating friction welding is a kind of solid phase interconnection technique of inventing in Britain in 1991, do not have fusing, the heat input of material little in welding process, thereby welding point does not have the melting welding defective, welding deformation and residual stress are little, be specially adapted to the low-melting-point metals such as welding aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and copper alloy, also can be used for the welding of the high-melting-points such as titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites and difficult wlding material, be used widely at industrial circles such as Aero-Space, track traffic, boats and ships, automobiles.
The above-mentioned advantage of agitating friction solder technology derives from its special connection procedure: the soldering appliance of an on-consumable (shaft shoulder and mixing needle by particular design form) High Rotation Speed inserts the welding position and advances along seam.Soldering appliance and friction of workpiece produce high heat input and severe plastic deformation, and two workpiece link together under the acting in conjunction of frictional heat and severe plastic deformation.
In this course, the material plastic flow that heat is inputted and plastic deformation causes is two important points of penetration of research agitating friction solder technology.Wherein, the heat input is an important indicator weighing material structure and mechanical property, can characterize by temperature survey or Simulation on Temperature Field.And the plastic flow process of material is to understand the formation mechanism of nugget and the basis of Microstructural Evolution, yet, because the flow process of material is sightless, make the experimental study of material flowing deformation mechanism be subject to certain limitation, and the numerical simulation study of strain field is realized because the complexity of material flowing deformation process is very difficult.This has directly affected the optimization of soldering appliance design and welding parameter.
In order to understand the rheology mechanism of material in stir friction welding process, various laboratory facilities are used, and it is the most frequently used method that marker material wherein is set in joint.By following the trail of the distribution of marker material in friction stir welding joint, the plastic flow process of research material.Traditional research method is as follows:
with small Metal Ball [K.Colligan, Material flow behavior during friction stir weldingof aluminum, Welding Journal, 1999, 78, 229-237], aluminum alloy sheet [T.U.Seidel and A.P.Reynolds, Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction stir welds using a marker insert technique, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2001, 32, 2879-2884], fine aluminium sheet [S.W.Xu and X.M.Deng, A study of texture patterns in friction stir welds, Acta Materialia, 2008, 56, 1326-1341] or fine copper sheet [H.N.B.Schmidt, et al, Material flow in butt friction stir welds in AA2024-T3, Acta Materialia, 2006, 54, 1199-1209] etc. marker material be placed on workpiece interface or upper surface, after welding is completed, by following the trail of the distribution of marker material in joint, the plastic flow mechanism of research material.Yet traditional marker material method exists obviously not enough:
The first, external marker material is placed on interface or upper surface, this marker material separates with interface, has changed original interface state.
The second this external marker material has affected the Material Flow in the welding process, thereby can not reflect real Material Flow form.
In fact, for alloys such as aluminium alloy and magnesium alloys, they can form one deck oxide-film as thin as a wafer place a period of time in air after on interface, this layer oxide-film is a kind of mobile good marker material of marker material that is used for, but, severe plastic deformation in its very easily soldered process is smashed, thereby is difficult for observing.If oxide-film is thickeied, make it to be easy to observe the Plastic Flow process that so just can review material after friction stir welding.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tracing method of studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, solve the conventional tag material and upset deformation process, can't reflect the original problems such as Material Flow process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of tracing method of studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process by manual method, is made layer oxide film on workpiece interface or upper surface; Then workpiece is carried out the agitating friction welding, after welding is completed, mixing needle is extracted; Welding keyhole on every side and the distribution in welding point, analyze the material flowing deformation mechanism in welding process according to oxide.
Described manual method is line cutting, chemical oxidation or anodic oxidation, is different from the forming process of natural oxide film, and its function is to prepare the oxide-film thicker than Natural Oxide Film.
The thickness of manufacturing oxide-film is 0.2～50 μ m.
After welding was completed, the pumpback time of staying of soldering appliance was 0 second, the pumpback speed (mm/s) of mixing needle and sheet metal thickness (measured material thickness) ratio 〉=30 (mm).
Said method is applicable to aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel or metal-base composites.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, compare with traditional external mark material method, the present invention can guarantee that marker material and matrix are closely connected together, has reduced to the full extent the impact of marker material on the Material Flow process.
2, in the present invention, marker material has certain thickness, conveniently observes under metallographic and SEM;
3, after welding is completed, rapidly soldering appliance is extracted, can be obtained near original Material Flow state.Therefore, the preparation method of this marker material has important meaning for the mechanism research of agitating friction welding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the distribution map that in the present invention, agitating friction welds made oxide in 2024 aluminum alloy joints.
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view of agitating friction welding 2024 aluminum alloy joints when not adopting the inventive method.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Be the length direction cutting of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 * 90 * 5mm along size with wire cutting method, make one deck artificial oxidation film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 10 μ m, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then with the side of artificial oxidation's film as interface, sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 400rpm, gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, as shown in Figure 1, in figure, black curve is made oxide, its distribution in joint is high-visible, and visible oxide is " S " shape and distributes, and the tissue of oxide both sides is obviously different.
Comparative example 1
2024 aluminum alloy plate materials that are 300 * 90 * 5mm with size with acetone clean up, and directly sheet material are carried out the agitating friction welding, and the welding rotating speed is 400rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, as shown in Figure 2, the distribution of oxide in joint is smudgy, impalpable.
Be the length direction cutting of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 * 90 * 5mm along size with wire cutting method, make layer oxide film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 8 μ m, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then with the side of artificial oxidation's film as interface, sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 800rpm, gait of march is 200mm/min.After welding is completed, immediately soldering appliance is extracted from workpiece with the speed of 500mm/s.Intercepting keyhole sample is observed, and can clearly observe the distribution of oxide around keyhole, thereby obtain original material flowing deformation information.
Comparative example 2
Be the length direction cutting of 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 * 90 * 5mm along size with wire cutting method, make layer oxide film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 8 μ m, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then with the side of artificial oxidation's film as interface, sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 800rpm, gait of march is 200mm/min.After welding is completed, extract from keyhole with the speed of 30mm/s after soldering appliance original place rotation 2s.Intercepting keyhole sample is observed, and the oxide of observing in disorder distribution around keyhole can't obtain original Material Flow state.
Embodiment 3
Be the length direction cutting of the AZ91 magnesium alloy plate of 200 * 80 * 8mm along size with wire cutting method, make layer oxide film in the side of sheet material, thickness is 15 μ m, then washes the greasy dirt on surface with acetone.Then with the side of artificial oxidation's film as interface, sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 600rpm, gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse sample, can clearly observe the distribution of oxide in joint.
Comparative example 3
Clean up from the AZ91 magnesium alloy plate that is 200 * 80 * 8mm with size with acetone, directly sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 600rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, the distribution of oxide in joint is smudgy, impalpable.
Embodiment 4
Layer oxide film is made in the side that with chemical oxidation method in size is 2014 aluminum alloy plate materials of 300 * 100 * 5mm, and thickness is 0.5 μ m, and is clean with alcohol wash.Then with the side of artificial oxidation's film as interface, sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 400rpm, gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse sample, can clearly observe the distribution of oxide in joint.
Comparative example 4
Clean up from 2014 aluminum alloy plate materials that are 300 * 100 * 5mm with size with acetone, directly sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 400rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, the distribution of oxide in joint is smudgy, impalpable.
Embodiment 5
Layer oxide film is made in the side that with anode oxidation method in size is 2024 aluminum alloy plate materials of 170 * 90 * 5mm, and thickness is 30 μ m, and is clean with alcohol wash.Then with the side of artificial oxidation's film as interface, sheet material is carried out the agitating friction welding, the welding rotating speed is 500rpm, gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse sample, can clearly observe the distribution of oxide in joint.
Comparative example 5
2024 aluminum alloy plate materials that are 170 * 90 * 5mm with size with acetone clean up, and directly sheet material are carried out the agitating friction welding, and the welding rotating speed is 500rpm, and gait of march is 100mm/min.After welding is completed, observe along welding sample taken transverse pat, the distribution of oxide in joint is smudgy, impalpable.
Result of the test shows that the present invention is applicable to the spike of material flowing deformation behavior in the stir friction welding process of various metal materials, comprises aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel and metal-base composites etc.
Claims (5)
1. a tracing method of studying material flowing deformation behavior in stir friction welding process, is characterized in that, process is as follows: by manual method, make layer oxide film on workpiece interface or upper surface; Then workpiece is carried out the agitating friction welding, after welding is completed, mixing needle is extracted; Welding keyhole on every side and the distribution in welding point, analyze the material flowing deformation mechanism in welding process according to oxide.
2. according to the tracing method of material flowing deformation behavior in research stir friction welding process claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described manual method is line cutting, chemical oxidation or anodic oxidation.
3. according to the tracing method of material flowing deformation behavior in research stir friction welding process claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the thickness of manufacturing oxide-film is 0.2～50 μ m.
4. according to the tracing method of material flowing deformation behavior in research stir friction welding process claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, after welding is completed, the pumpback time of staying of soldering appliance is 0 second, the pumpback speed of mixing needle and ratio 〉=30 of sheet metal thickness, and the unit of described pumpback speed is mm/s, and the unit of sheet metal thickness is mm.
5. according to the tracing method for the behavior of research stir friction welding process material flowing deformation claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method is applicable to aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy, iron and steel or metal-base composites.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN103521940A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Method for observing flowing of friction stir welding junction surface materials |
| CN107570861A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | A kind of detection characterizing method of stir friction welding seam metal plastic flowing feature |
| CN113102873A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 湘潭大学 | Method for representing friction stir welding flow field |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103521940B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-06-24 | 天津大学 | Method for observing flowing of friction stir welding junction surface materials |
| CN107570861A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | A kind of detection characterizing method of stir friction welding seam metal plastic flowing feature |
| CN113102873A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-13 | 湘潭大学 | Method for representing friction stir welding flow field |
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