CN108406087B - Friction stir welding device and welding method - Google Patents
Friction stir welding device and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108406087B CN108406087B CN201810493090.0A CN201810493090A CN108406087B CN 108406087 B CN108406087 B CN 108406087B CN 201810493090 A CN201810493090 A CN 201810493090A CN 108406087 B CN108406087 B CN 108406087B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetylene Chemical compound C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium alloy Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a friction stir welding device and a welding method, and relates to the field of friction stir welding equipment. The device comprises: a gas hood shell, a top cover and a stirring head; the gas hood shell is provided with a gas accommodating cavity, the side wall of the gas hood shell is provided with at least two gas transmission holes which are communicated with the gas accommodating cavity and are arranged at intervals, the gas transmission holes are used for being connected with an external gas source through a gas transmission pipe so as to input inert gas, and the bottom of the gas hood shell is provided with a gas outlet hole; the top cover is arranged at the top end of the gas hood shell, and is provided with a through hole coaxial with the gas outlet hole; the stirring head is used for being connected with the main shaft of the friction stir welding machine, and the stirring head stretches into the gas accommodating cavity from the through hole, and a turbine which rotates at the same speed as the stirring head is coaxially sleeved on the stirring head. The welding method comprises the following steps: pre-weld gas storage, initial penetration, tool walking, and post-weld protection. The invention has simple and reliable structure, easy manufacture and good use effect, and can effectively improve the oxidation prevention effect of the friction stir welding weld metal in a turbo charging mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding equipment, in particular to a friction stir welding device and a welding method.
Background
The existing friction stir welding is a solid phase connection technology and has the remarkable advantages of high welding quality, small welding deformation, no environmental pollution and the like. The welding method is not only suitable for welding low-melting-point metals such as aluminum, magnesium and the like, but also has remarkable advantages when welding high-melting-point metals such as titanium alloy, steel materials and the like.
However, when friction stir welding is applied to welding of titanium alloy and steel materials, the welding temperature is high, and the activity of the welded materials is high, so that the weld metal is easily oxidized, and the weld is poor in forming and poor in joint mechanical and corrosion performance. In order to solve the above problems, a mode of adding a protective gas cover around the stirring head is generally adopted at present, and inert gas is introduced into the gas cover to form inert gas atmosphere around the welding area so as to prevent oxidation of weld metal. However, the existing protective gas cover has certain problems to be solved urgently: (1) When the welding speed is high or an external air source is unstable, the existing protective gas cover cannot provide enough protective gas flow to rapidly exhaust air in a welding area to form protective atmosphere; (2) The inert protective gas enters the protective gas cover through the limited air passages on the protective gas cover, and then reaches the welding area through the air outlet nozzle at the lower part of the protective gas cover, so that turbulent flow and uneven distribution of the welding area and the inert gas are easily caused, the gas protective effect is reduced, and the oxidation of weld metal is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction stir welding device which has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture and good use effect, and can effectively increase the flow and pressure of shielding gas in a turbo charging mode, improve the uniformity of the shielding gas and further enhance the oxidation prevention effect on high-melting-point metal friction stir welding weld metal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a welding method of a friction stir welding apparatus, in which the friction stir welding apparatus is used for welding. Therefore, the welding method can effectively increase the flow and pressure of the shielding gas in a turbo-charging mode, improve the uniformity of the shielding gas, and further enhance the oxidation prevention effect on the high-melting-point metal friction stir welding weld metal.
The invention is realized in the following way:
a friction stir welding apparatus comprising:
the gas hood shell is provided with a gas accommodating cavity, the side wall of the gas hood shell is provided with at least two gas transmission holes which are communicated with the gas accommodating cavity and are arranged at intervals, the at least two gas transmission holes are connected with an external gas source through a gas transmission pipe so as to input inert gas, and the bottom of the gas hood shell is provided with a gas outlet hole;
the top cover is arranged at the top end of the gas hood shell, and is provided with a through hole coaxial with the gas outlet hole;
the stirring head is used for being connected with a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine, the stirring head stretches into the gas accommodating cavity from the through hole, and a turbine which rotates at the same speed as the stirring head is coaxially sleeved on the stirring head.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the stirring head and the turbine are connected through keys, so that the stirring head and the turbine can rotate at the same speed under the drive of the friction stir welding machine.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gasket is provided between the top cover and the gas hood housing, and the top cover, the gasket and the gas hood housing are tightly connected with the nut by bolts.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sealing bearing is disposed between the stirring head and the top cover, and the sealing bearing is disposed coaxially with the stirring head, and the sealing bearing is in interference fit with the stirring head and the sealing bearing is disposed coaxially with the top cover.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of air delivery holes are formed in the sidewall of the air hood shell, the plurality of air delivery holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the sidewall of the air hood shell, and the air delivery holes are in interference fit with the air delivery pipe.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the air holes is four, and the four air holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the sidewall of the air hood shell.
The welding method of the friction stir welding device comprises the following steps:
a pre-welding gas storage stage: opening an external air source to enable inert gas to enter the gas housing through the gas pipe, wherein the total gas flow of the gas is F 1 At the same time, the gas hood shell is fixed not to rotate, and the friction stir welding machine is started to ensure that the stirring head and the turbine are in omega 1 Is rotated at 500rpm<ω 1 <2000rpm, and rotation direction settingExhausting the turbine towards the direction of the air outlet hole of the air cover shell, and staying for a first preset time to enable the air cover shell to be filled with inert gas;
initial penetration stage: raising the rotation speed of the stirring head and the turbine to omega 2 ，ω 2 >ω 1 ，800rpm<ω 2 <3000rpm, increase the total gas flow of the gas delivery to F 2 ，F 2 >F 1 Rotating the stirring head to penetrate the welded plate and the butt joint surface to a preset depth, and staying for a second preset time;
welding and walking: regulating the rotation speed of the stirring head and the turbine to omega 3 ，500rpm<ω 3 <2000rpm, adjusting the total gas flow of the gas to F 3 ，F 3 >F 1 The whole friction stir welding device walks along the length direction of the welded plate and the butt joint surface at the welding speed of V of 10mm/min<V<2000mm/min, up to the final position of welding;
post-welding protection: after the friction stir welding device is welded to the final position, the rotational speed of the stirring head and the turbine is adjusted to omega 4 And 500rpm<ω 4 <3000rpm, adjusting the total gas flow of the gas to F 4 ，F 4 >F 1 And simultaneously, the stirring head is pumped back upwards to be just away from the upper surfaces of the welded plates and the butt joint surface, and the rotation is stopped after the third preset time is rotated, so that the welding is completed.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, during the pre-weld gas storage phase, the friction stir welding machine is started such that the stirring head and turbine are at ω 1 Rotation speed of omega 1 ＝800rpm；
In the initial penetration stage, the rotation speed of the stirring head and the turbine is increased to omega 2 ，ω 2 >ω 1 ，ω 2 ＝1200rpm；
In the welding walking stage, the rotation speed of the stirring head and the turbine is regulated to omega 3 ，ω 3 ＝1000rpm。
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the welding traveling stage, the friction stir welding device is caused to travel entirely along the length direction of the welded plate material and the butt surface at a welding speed of V, v=200 mm/min, until the welding is completed.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotational speed of the stirring head and the turbine is adjusted to ω during the post-weld protection phase 4 And omega 4 ＝800rpm。
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme:
1. the air in the protective gas cover is exhausted in advance before welding and a certain amount of inert protective gas is stored, so that the stability and sufficiency of the inert protective gas in the welding process can be ensured, and the protective effect is improved.
2. Compared with the traditional protective gas hood, the turbo-charging can obviously increase the flow and pressure of protective gas in the welding process, and can rapidly discharge air in a welding area when the welding speed is high, so that weld metal is more fully protected.
3. The turbine is adopted to introduce the inert gas stored in the protective gas cover into the welding area, so that turbulent flow of the inert gas can be avoided, the distribution is more uniform, and the weld metal protection effect is better.
4. The turbine is fixed on the stirring head to realize the coaxial and same-speed rotation of the turbine and the stirring head, and the turbine is supercharged without an additional power device, so that the device is small in volume, practical and convenient to manufacture.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a friction stir welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a friction stir welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pre-weld gas storage stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an initial puncturing stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a welding walking phase provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a post-weld protection phase provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-friction stir welding device; 101-a gas hood housing; 103-a gas containment chamber; 105-gas transmission holes; 107-gas delivery pipe; 109-an air outlet hole; 111-top cap; 113-a through hole; 115-stirring head; 117-turbine; 119-bond; 121-bolts; 123-nuts; 125-spacers; 127-sealing the bearing; 129-welded plate; 131-butt-joint face.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, or an azimuth or a positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature may include first and second features directly contacting each other, either above or below a second feature, or through additional features contacting each other, rather than directly contacting each other. Moreover, the first feature being above, over, and on the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being below, beneath, and beneath the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a friction stir welding apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment; fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction stir welding apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment; fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of fig. 2. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a friction stir welding apparatus 100, including: the gas hood housing 101, the top cover 111, the stirring head 115, and the worm wheel.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 3 again, in the present embodiment, the gas hood housing 101 has a gas accommodating cavity 103, at least two gas delivery holes 105 are provided on a sidewall of the gas hood housing 101 and are disposed at intervals and are communicated with the gas accommodating cavity 103, the at least two gas delivery holes 105 are both used for inputting inert gas by connecting with an external gas source through a gas delivery pipe 107, and a gas outlet hole 109 is provided at a bottom of the gas hood housing 101. Wherein, the arrangement of at least two gas delivery holes 105 enables the shielding gas to be uniformly and sufficiently filled into the gas hood shell 101. And the air is exhausted by filling inert gas, and the air in the protective gas cover is exhausted in advance before welding, so that a certain amount of inert protective gas is stored, the inert protective gas is stable and sufficient in the welding process, and the protective effect is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the sidewall of the gas hood housing 101 is provided with a plurality of gas delivery holes 105, the plurality of gas delivery holes 105 are arranged in a circumferential array on the sidewall of the gas hood housing, and the gas delivery holes 105 are in interference fit with the gas delivery pipe 107. The gas delivery holes 105 in the circumferential array uniformly disperse the inert gas. Meanwhile, the stability and sufficiency of inert shielding gas in the welding process are ensured, and the protection effect is improved.
In detail, the number of the air delivery holes 105 is four, and the four air delivery holes 105 are arranged in a circumferential array on the side wall of the air cover shell. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of the air holes 105 may be selected and adjusted according to the requirement, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 3 again, in the present embodiment, a top cover 111 is disposed at the top end of the gas hood housing 101, and a through hole 113 is disposed coaxially with the gas outlet 109 on the top cover 111. Preferably, a gasket 125 is disposed between the top cover 111 and the gas hood shell, and the top cover 111, the gasket 125 and the gas hood shell are tightly connected with a nut 123 through a bolt 121. Through the mode that bolt 121 and nut 123 are connected, can conveniently dismantle and install, simultaneously, when any one of them takes place to damage, can carry out the individual change to reduce the cost. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the connection manner among the top cover 111, the gasket 125 and the gas hood shell may be selected according to the requirements, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 3 again, in this embodiment, the stirring head 115 is used to connect with a main shaft of a friction stir welding machine, and the stirring head 115 extends into the gas accommodating cavity 103 from the through hole 113, and a turbine 117 rotating at the same speed as the stirring head 115 is coaxially sleeved on the stirring head 115. Compared with the traditional protective gas hood, the turbo 117 is adopted to boost the pressure and the flow rate of the protective gas in the welding process, so that the air in the welding area can be rapidly discharged when the welding speed is high, and the weld metal is fully protected. Moreover, the turbine 117 is adopted to introduce the inert gas stored in the protective gas cover into the welding area, so that turbulent flow of the inert gas can be avoided, the inert gas is distributed more uniformly, and the weld metal protection effect is better.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are connected by a key 119, so that the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 can rotate at the same speed under the drive of the friction stir welding machine. The turbine 117 is fixed on the stirring head 115 to realize the coaxial and same-speed rotation of the turbine 117, and the turbine 117 is pressurized without an additional power device, so that the device is small in size, practical and convenient to manufacture. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the connection between the stirring head 115 and the worm gear may be modified and adjusted according to the requirements, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Further preferably, in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 3 again, a sealing bearing 127 is disposed between the stirring head 115 and the top cover 111, and the sealing bearing 127 is disposed coaxially with the stirring head 115, and the sealing bearing 127 is in interference fit with the stirring head 115 and the sealing bearing 127 is disposed with the top cover 111. The arrangement of the sealing bearing 127 can avoid the overflow of inert gas, thereby ensuring the stability and sufficiency of inert shielding gas in the welding process and improving the protection effect.
In summary, the friction stir welding device 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture and good use effect, and can effectively increase the flow and pressure of the shielding gas in a turbo 117 pressurizing manner, thereby improving the uniformity of the shielding gas and further enhancing the oxidation prevention effect on the high-melting-point metal friction stir welding weld metal.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pre-welding gas storage stage according to the present embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an initial puncturing stage according to the present embodiment; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a welding walking stage according to the present embodiment; fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a post-welding protection stage according to the present embodiment. Referring to fig. 4 to 7, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding method of the friction stir welding device 100, which mainly includes:
s1: a pre-welding gas storage stage: as shown in FIG. 4, the external air source is opened to allow inert gas to enter the gas hood housing 101 through the gas pipe 107, and the total gas flow rate of the gas is F 1 At the same time, the gas shield housing is fixed against rotation, and the friction stir welder is started so that the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are at ω 1 Is rotated at 500rpm<ω 1 <2000rpm, and the rotation direction is set to be that the turbine 117 exhausts towards the air outlet hole 109 of the gas hood shell 101, and stays for a first preset time to enable the gas hood shell 101 to be filled with inert gas;
s2: initial penetration stage: as shown in fig. 5, the rotational speeds of the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are increased to ω 2 ，ω 2 >ω 1 ，800rpm<ω 2 <3000rpm, increase the total gas flow of the gas delivery to F 2 ，F 2 >F 1 Rotating the stirring head 115 to penetrate the welded plate 129 and the butt joint surface 131 to a preset depth, and staying for a second preset time;
s3: welding and walking: as shown in fig. 6, the rotational speeds of the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are adjusted to ω 3 ，500rpm<ω 3 <2000rpm, adjusting the total gas flow of the gas to F 3 ，F 3 >F 1 The friction stir welding apparatus 100 was moved at a welding speed of V, 10mm/min, along the longitudinal direction of the sheet material 129 and the butt surface 131<V<2000mm/min, up to the final position of welding;
s4: post-welding protection: as shown in fig. 7, after the friction stir welding apparatus 100 is welded to the final position, the rotational speeds of the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are adjusted to ω 4 And 500rpm<ω 4 <3000rpm, modulationTotal gas flow of whole gas to F 4 ，F 4 >F 1 Simultaneously, the stirring head 115 is pulled back up to be just away from the upper surfaces of the welded plate 129 and the abutting surface 131, and the rotation is stopped after the third preset time, so that the welding is completed.
Meanwhile, in order to provide the best use effect of the present invention, in the present embodiment, parameters in the above welding method may be set as follows. In the pre-weld gas storage phase, the friction stir welder is started such that the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are at ω 1 Rotation speed of omega 1 The design can discharge the air in the gas hood housing 101 in a proper time to realize the storage of the shielding gas. In the initial penetration phase, the rotational speed of the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 is increased to ω 2 ，ω 2 >ω 1 ，ω 2 By design, stirring head 115 is inserted into the workpiece to be welded with a low load, a proper welding heat input, and sufficient shielding gas, and good weld forming and protecting effects are obtained. In the welding travel phase, the rotation speeds of the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are adjusted to omega 3 ，ω 3 =1000 rpm. By the arrangement, good weld formation can be ensured, and a good protection effect can be obtained. The friction stir welding apparatus 100 is entirely moved at a welding speed of V along the longitudinal direction of the sheet 129 to be welded and the butt surface 131, v=200 mm/min, and up to the welding end position, and thus, good weld formation can be ensured and a good protective effect can be obtained by such a design. In the post-weld protection phase, the rotational speed of the stirring head 115 and the turbine 117 are adjusted to ω 4 And omega 4 The design can ensure that weld metal is not oxidized after welding at 800rpm, and good mechanical properties of the joint are obtained. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the setting of each parameter may be adjusted according to the requirement, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
In summary, the welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus 100 provided by the present invention adopts the friction stir welding apparatus 100 to perform welding. Therefore, the welding method can effectively increase the flow and pressure of the shielding gas in a turbo117 pressurization mode, improve the uniformity of the shielding gas, and further enhance the oxidation prevention effect on the high-melting-point metal friction stir welding weld metal.
The friction stir welding device 100 and the welding method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the air in the protective gas cover is exhausted in advance before welding and a certain amount of inert protective gas is stored, so that the stability and sufficiency of the inert protective gas in the welding process can be ensured, and the protective effect is improved.
2. Compared with the traditional protective gas hood, the turbo 117 is adopted to boost the pressure and the flow rate of the protective gas in the welding process, so that the air in the welding area can be rapidly discharged when the welding speed is high, and the weld metal is fully protected.
3. The turbine 117 is adopted to introduce the inert gas stored in the protective gas cover into the welding area, so that turbulent flow of the inert gas can be avoided, the inert gas is distributed more uniformly, and the weld metal protection effect is better.
4. The turbine 117 is fixed on the stirring head 115 to realize the coaxial and same-speed rotation of the turbine 117, and the turbine 117 is pressurized without an additional power device, so that the device is small in size, practical and convenient to manufacture.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A welding method of a friction stir welding apparatus, comprising:
the gas hood comprises a gas hood shell, wherein the gas hood shell is provided with a gas accommodating cavity, the side wall of the gas hood shell is provided with at least two gas transmission holes which are communicated with the gas accommodating cavity and are arranged at intervals, the at least two gas transmission holes are connected with an external gas source through a gas transmission pipe so as to input inert gas, and the bottom of the gas hood shell is provided with a gas outlet hole;
the top cover is arranged at the top end of the gas hood shell, and is provided with a through hole coaxial with the gas outlet hole;
the stirring head is connected with a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine, extends into the gas accommodating cavity from the through hole, and is coaxially sleeved with a turbine rotating at the same speed as the stirring head;
a pre-welding gas storage stage: opening the external air source to enable the inert gas to enter the gas hood shell through the gas transmission pipe, wherein the total gas flow of gas transmission is F 1 At the same time, the gas hood shell is fixed to be not rotated, and the friction stir welding machine is started so that the stirring head and the turbine are in omega 1 Is rotated at 500rpm<ω 1 <2000rpm, and the rotation direction is set to be that the turbine exhausts towards the direction of the air outlet hole of the gas hood shell, and the gas hood shell is filled with inert gas after staying for a first preset time;
initial penetration stage: raising the rotation speed of the stirring head and the turbine to omega 2 ，ω 2 >ω 1 ，800rpm<ω 2 <3000rpm, increase the total gas flow of the gas delivery to F 2 ，F 2 >F 1 Rotating the stirring head to penetrate the welded plate and the butt joint surface to a preset depth, and staying for a second preset time;
welding and walking: regulating the rotation speeds of the stirring head and the turbine to omega 3 ，500rpm<ω 3 <2000rpm, adjusting the total gas flow of the gas to F 3 ，F 3 >F 1 And the whole friction stir welding device walks along the length direction of the welded plate and the butt joint surface at a welding speed of V of 10mm/min<V<2000mm/min, up to the final position of welding;
post-welding protection: after the friction stir welding device is welded to the end position, the rotational speed of the stirring head and the turbine is adjusted to omega 4 And 500rpm<ω 4 <3000rpm, adjusting the total gas flow of the gas to F 4 ，F 4 >F 1 Simultaneously, the stirring head is pumped back upwards to be just away from the welded plate and the butt joint surfaceAnd stopping rotating after rotating for a third preset time, and finishing welding.
2. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the stirring head is connected with the turbine through a key, so that the stirring head and the turbine can rotate at the same speed under the drive of the friction stir welding machine.
3. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the top cover with be provided with the gasket between the gas hood casing, the top cover the gasket and the gas hood casing passes through bolt and nut zonulae occludens.
4. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the stirring head is provided with a sealing bearing between the top cover, the sealing bearing is coaxially arranged with the stirring head, and the sealing bearing is in interference fit with the stirring head and the top cover.
5. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the side wall of the gas hood shell is provided with a plurality of gas transmission holes, the gas transmission holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the side wall of the gas hood shell, and the gas transmission holes are in interference fit with the gas transmission pipe.
6. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
the number of the air delivery holes is four, and the four air delivery holes are arranged on the side wall of the air cover shell in a circumferential array.
7. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the pre-welding gas storage stage, starting the friction stir welding machine so that the stirring head and the turbine are in omega 1 Rotation speed of omega 1 =800rpm；
In the initial penetration stage, the rotational speed of the stirring head and the turbine is increased to omega 2 ，ω 2 >ω 1 ，ω 2 =1200rpm；
In the welding walking stage, the rotating speed of the stirring head and the turbine is regulated to omega 3 ，ω 3 =1000rpm。
8. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the welding traveling stage, the friction stir welding device is caused to travel entirely along the length direction of the welded plate and the butt surface at a welding speed of V, v=200 mm/min, until the welding is completed.
9. The welding method of the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the post-welding protection stage, the rotation speed of the stirring head and the turbine is adjusted to omega 4 And omega 4 =800rpm。
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| CN111761198A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-13 | 烟台丛林精密机械有限公司 | Friction stir welding device and welding method |
| CN110039171B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2023-11-21 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welding system |
| CN111958099B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-04-01 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | FSW gas shielded welding device |
| CN112620918A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Friction stir welding auxiliary device |
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