CN108405854A - A kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN108405854A CN108405854A CN201810122034.6A CN201810122034A CN108405854A CN 108405854 A CN108405854 A CN 108405854A CN 201810122034 A CN201810122034 A CN 201810122034A CN 108405854 A CN108405854 A CN 108405854A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece, includes the following steps：Obtain agglomerated material；It suppresses the agglomerated material to form embryo material；The embryo material is pasted on sintered base plate；The embryo material on the sintered base plate is sintered in vacuum environment, pressure is applied to the embryo material surface in sintering process；The workpiece formed after sintering is cooled down to take out and carries out immersion oil processing.The vacuum sintering method of the making self-lubricating workpiece realizes the technique of once sintered completion, reduces the cumbersome technique of repeatedly rolling sintering.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to self-lubricating workpiece to make industry field more particularly to a kind of vacuum-sintering making self-lubricating workpiece
Method, it is a kind of in alloy powders and the answering containing solid lubricant such as steel plate or steel shaft set sintered copper, iron especially suitable for making
The two-sided workpiece of mould assembly, sinter layer thickness are generally less than 1-5mm.
Background technology
Current bimetal self-lubricating bearing using various ways manufacture, such as normal melt casting method, centrifugal casting,
Guipure continous way sintering process etc..
Common fusion-cast be usually steel plate surface casting melt after tin bronze 663, the fusion-cast method compared with
To be common, but he the shortcomings that be that double-deck adhesion strength is poor, the material molecule of casting is loosely organized, and wearability is poor, and nothing
Method forms porous organization in surface wear-resistant layer, makes interior surface oil-containing, auto-supply is realized when so cannot reach both surface friction
Purpose.
Centrifugal casting is also in surface casting tin bronze 663, and centrifugal casting is more common, is generally used for shaft sleeve zero
The making of component, product limitation is poor, and for the compactness for the product that centrifugal casting is cast than more consistent, molecular structure is close,
But due to the left and right of rotation, loss is bigger, and production cost is relatively high, and also has no idea to realize that the inside realization of casting is porous
Tissue, while can not achieve the purpose that friction level auto-supply.
Guipure continous way sintering process mainly has a disadvantage that：
1, since the workpiece of meshbeltfurnace is to remain at operating status, the powder of sintered surface remains at loose state
It has no idea to give pressure compaction on top, so the molecular structure of sinter layer is loose, cannot be densified, therefore being made in sintering should
It also needs to carry out cold rolling process during product, and be repeatedly sintered and roll, so one side technique is cumbersome, another party
Face also wastes energy consumption significantly, increases production cost.
When 2, due to sintering realized under high temperature workpiece free state, all be sintered products include base material and sintering
Layer often will produce prodigious deflection, and prodigious trouble is brought to metalworking, and due to the increase of deflection loss also with
Increasing.
3, due to sintered rolling, lead to internal oil-containing blockage of the micro orifice, oil can not be penetrated into wherein, therefore transported in slide plate
It there will not be oil in row friction process to ooze out from surface layer, therefore increase the probability of the occlusion in operational process and locking.
4, making being not only for anti-attrition self-lubricating slide board needs the wear-resisting of sinter layer to also need to that sinter layer is made to become microcosmic
More dummy status, the sinter layer for being sintered completion handles the automatic oil-containing of realization by vacuum oil immersion, when anti-attrition self-lubricating plate is rubbing
Certain negative pressure can be generated on surface when wiping movement, be that the inside of oil-containing is precipitated automatically.
Based on above-mentioned sintering requirement, when sintering the control of sintering surface pressure be strict.Therefore it on the one hand needs to burn
Knot layer gives certain pressure, and the pressure control of sintering layer surface has no that it has the report of this respect at present, and due to more
Secondary sintering and rolling, production cost is quite high, and the market competitiveness is poor.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is to provide a kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece, makes certainly
The surface of lubrication workpiece carries out densification sintering in the state of having pressure, and the technique for realizing once sintered completion reduces
The repeatedly cumbersome technique of rolling sintering.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece, includes the following steps：
Obtain agglomerated material；
It suppresses the agglomerated material to form embryo material；
The embryo material is pasted on sintered base plate；
The embryo material on the sintered base plate is sintered in vacuum environment, the embryo material surface is applied in sintering process and is pressed
Power；
The workpiece formed after sintering is cooled down to take out and carries out immersion oil processing.
As a preferred embodiment, the agglomerated material is copper alloy powder.
As a preferred embodiment, further comprising the steps of：
The agglomerated material is uniformly mixed；
Correspondingly, described suppress the agglomerated material to form embryo material and include：Agglomerated material after mixing is suppressed to be formed
Embryo material.
As a preferred embodiment, to be formed in embryo material step in described suppress the agglomerated material, compacting pressure
Power is 3-5T/cm every square centimeter2。
As a preferred embodiment, to be formed in embryo material step in described suppress the agglomerated material, the embryo
Expect size in 100cm2Within.
As a preferred embodiment, to be formed in embryo material step in described suppress the agglomerated material, compacting
Embryo material thickness is less than or equal to 5 millimeters.
As a preferred embodiment, the embryo material is pasted on sintered base plate in step described, multiple embryos
Material is pasted in the upper surface and lower surface of the sintered base plate, and two neighboring embryo material is adjacent to placement on same surface.
As a preferred embodiment, the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 6*10-1Pa to 7*10-1Pa。
As a preferred embodiment, the sintering temperature is within 920 degrees Celsius to 1000 degrees Celsius.
It is taken out as a preferred embodiment, the workpiece is cooled within 100 degrees Celsius.
As a preferred embodiment, forming self-lubricating finished workpart to workpiece metalworking after immersion oil processing.
Advantageous effect：
The vacuum sintering furnace for the making self-lubricating workpiece that present embodiment is provided utilizes pressure exerting arrangement by being equipped with pressure exerting arrangement
Apply pressure on the surface of sintering workpiece, so that workpiece surface is carried out densification sintering in the state of having pressure, realize primary
It is sintered the technique completed, reduces the cumbersome technique of repeatedly rolling sintering.
With reference to following description and accompanying drawings, only certain exemplary embodiments of this invention is disclosed in detail, specifies the original of the present invention
Reason can be in a manner of adopted.It should be understood that embodiments of the present invention are not so limited in range.In appended power
In the range of the spirit and terms that profit requires, embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications and are equal.
The feature for describing and/or showing for a kind of embodiment can be in a manner of same or similar one or more
It is used in a other embodiment, it is combined with the feature in other embodiment, or substitute the feature in other embodiment.
It should be emphasized that term "comprises/comprising" refers to the presence of feature, one integral piece, step or component when being used herein, but simultaneously
It is not excluded for the presence or additional of one or more other features, one integral piece, step or component.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those skilled in the art without having to pay creative labor, can be with root
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of vacuum sintering furnace structural schematic diagram making self-lubricating workpiece that embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the profilograph of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the pressure exerting arrangement structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is a kind of vacuum sintering method flow chart making self-lubricating workpiece that embodiment of the present invention provides.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical solution in the present invention, below in conjunction with of the invention real
The attached drawing in example is applied, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained without making creative work, should all belong to guarantor of the present invention
The range of shield.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being set to " another element, it can be directly on another element
Or there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to
To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertical ", " horizontal ", " left side ",
" right side " and similar statement for illustrative purposes only, are not offered as being unique embodiment.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article and belong to the technical field of the present invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Used term is intended merely to description tool in the description of the invention herein
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein "and/or" includes one or more
Any and all combinations of relevant Listed Items.
It please refers to Fig.1 to Fig.4, a kind of vacuum-sintering furnace structure making self-lubricating workpiece is provided in embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.Wherein, self-lubricating workpiece 22 includes but not limited to self-lubricating bearing, self-lubricating slide board.The making self-lubricating workpiece
Vacuum sintering furnace includes：Vacuum furnace body；The vacuum furnace body is communicated with exhaust equipment；Flue 5 in the vacuum furnace body,
The flue 5 is equipped with the heating element 26 for sintered self-lubricated workpiece 22；The pressure exerting arrangement being connect with the flue 5；Institute
Pressure can be applied to the surface of the self-lubricating workpiece 22 by stating pressure exerting arrangement.
The vacuum sintering furnace for the making self-lubricating workpiece that present embodiment is provided utilizes pressure by being equipped with pressure exerting arrangement
Mechanism applies pressure on the surface of sintering workpiece 22, and 22 surface of workpiece is made to carry out densification sintering in the state of having pressure, real
The technique for having showed once sintered completion reduces the cumbersome technique of repeatedly rolling sintering.
Meanwhile the vacuum sintering furnace of making self-lubricating workpiece that present embodiment is provided is by being equipped with vacuum furnace body, and
Flue 5 is set in vacuum furnace body, realizes and is sintered under vacuum totally-enclosed state, is not necessarily to atmosphere protection, this aspect subtracts
The loss of few protective gas, does not discharge externally when being on the other hand sintered, realizes pollution-free and clean environment, and avoid making
With the generation of hydrogen insecurity.
In addition, the vacuum sintering furnace for the making self-lubricating workpiece that present embodiment is provided is certainly by being equipped with vacuum furnace body
The sintering for lubricating workpiece 22 provides vacuum environment, is made in the way of vacuum oil immersion in self-lubricating workpiece 22 by the vacuum environment
Portion oil content increases, and when surface forms tiny structure to workpiece 22 in the case of both surface friction, makes internal oil is automatic to overflow.
In the present embodiment, pressure exerting arrangement can apply mechanical pressure to the surface of self-lubricating workpiece 22.The flue 5
Inside it is additionally provided with the support base 25 for being used to support 22 lower surface of self-lubricating workpiece.Wherein, the pressure exerting arrangement includes being located at institute
It states in flue 5 and the pressure head 8 that 22 upper surface of self-lubricating workpiece can be pushed, the pushing component being connect with the pressure head 8；Institute
Stating pushing component includes：Be threaded through the courage wall of the flue 5 and lifting cylinder sleeve 13 on the chamber wall of the vacuum furnace body, with
And the cylinder 14 outside the vacuum furnace body.One end of the lifting cylinder sleeve 13 connects the cylinder 14, the other end connects institute
State pressure head 8.
Further, multiple pressure exerting arrangements are arranged along first direction；Multiple support bases 25 are along the first party
To arrangement.Wherein, first direction can be the length direction of vacuum furnace body.In the present embodiment, vacuum furnace body is horizontal circle
Barrel structure, and target site location is supported in by stove leg 21.The pressure head 8 and support base 25 are graphite material.It is described
Heating element 26 includes graphite, molybdenum or MoSi2At least one of.For example, heating element 26 can be Si-Mo rod, graphite heating
Band, silicon molybdenum heating tape.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the pressure exerting arrangement is in flue 5（Cavity）Top can be designed as it is multiple, pressure
The pressure head 8 of mechanism can be made by graphite material.Pressure uses cylinder 14 to be used as pressure output, cylinder 14 and graphite material
It is the lifting cylinder sleeve 13 equipped with water cooling plant 44 between the pressure head 8 of matter.13 top of lifting cylinder sleeve passes through bolt cylinder and cylinder 14
It is connected, 8 center of graphite pressure head is connected again by screw rod 45 with lifting cylinder sleeve 13.The applying mechanism relies on the liter of cylinder 14
It drops to realize the lifting of graphite pressure head 8.Lifting cylinder sleeve 13 is sealed using vacuum-packed method and vacuum furnace body courage.
Wherein, the cylinder 14 is connected with pneumatic control valve；The pneumatic control valve can control the pressure of the cylinder 14,
And then adjust surface pressing of the pressure head 8 to the self-lubricating workpiece 22.The pressure size of cylinder 14 is controlled by gas pressure
Valve is realized to the control of the pressure of lifting cylinder 14, to achieve the purpose that adjust compacting sintering surface pressure.
Pressure exerting arrangement as shown in Figure 4, top is cylinder 14, intermediate for lifting cylinder sleeve 13, and the medium design of cylinder sleeve 13 has
Cooling line 44.The cooling line 44 may include water inlet pipe and return pipe.The lower part of lifting cylinder sleeve 13 is connected with graphite material
Pressure head 8, the centre of graphite pressure head 8 is connecting hole, and by heat resisting steel bolt with lifting cylinder sleeve 13 be connected.
Specifically, lifting cylinder sleeve 13 connects cylinder 14.Specifically, screw rod can be passed through between lifting cylinder sleeve 13 and cylinder 14
To realize support.The link position of the pressure exerting arrangement and the flue 5 is equipped with sealing structure.Specifically, lifting 13 He of cylinder sleeve
Vacuum sealing between flue 5 passes through flue 5（It is referred to as furnace body）On interface 12 realize that lifting cylinder sleeve 13 passes through should
Interface 12 realizes sealing between interface 12 and lifting cylinder sleeve 13 by sealing rubber ring.The pressure head 8 of heating room inside vacuum furnace body
It is made for graphite material, and cylinder 14 is used to be used as pressure output, the pressure size of cylinder 14 is by gas-pressure controlling valve
It realizes to the control of the pressure of lifting cylinder 14, to achieve the purpose that adjust compacting sintering surface pressure.
The vacuum furnace body includes the lid 23 of cylinder 6 and lid conjunction in 6 one end of cylinder；The lid 23 and the cylinder
Hinge connection is used between body 6, and is locked by zigzag retainer.The length direction of the vacuum furnace body is parallel with horizontal plane；
The vacuum furnace body has container outer wall and container inner wall；The first water cooling is equipped between the container outer wall and container inner wall
Gap.
In the present embodiment, the opening and closing of retainer can be controlled by cylinder, and can be grasped with button switch
Make.The main trepanning of furnace body has 9 thermometer holes, heating electrode hole, thermocouple hole, safe valve opening, qi of chong channel ascending adversely deflation valve opening, high pressure
Wind turbine wiring hole, heat exchanger hole cooling water hole, pressure transmitter hole etc..
Specifically, the vacuum furnace body is horizontal circular, double-layer steel plate structure may be used in the wall of vacuum furnace body.The vacuum drying oven
Body can be made of the lid 23 of the cylinder 6 of intermediate double-layer heating, double-layer structure.Lid 23 is equipped with ring flange 11.First water
Cold clearance is present in lid 23 on cylinder 6, and the first water cooling gap is used for the flowing of cooling water.For ease of the flowing of cooling water,
To preferably radiate, double-layer interlayer（First water cooling gap）Inside it is additionally provided with cooling water water conservancy diversion guide plate.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, it is interconnected by rocking arm fixed seat 34, rocking arm 35 between cylinder 6 and lid 23.
Cylinder 6 is equipped with charge valve interface 31, thermocouple interface 32, electrode interface 33 and electrode 37, vent valve 38, pressure sensor
39, relief valve connection（15、36）, at least one of heat exchanger interface 16 and stove leg 21.Wherein, pressure sensor 39 can
To detect the pressure size in vacuum furnace body.Electrode 37 connects above-mentioned heating element 26 by electrode interface 33, to be heating
Element 26 is powered.
Specifically, the trepanning on cylinder 6 includes mainly：9 thermometer holes, heating electricity for measuring vacuum furnace body temperature
Pole hole（Electrode interface 33）, thermocouple hole（The connector of following temperature measurement components）, safe valve opening（For connection safety valve door）, punching
Gas deflation valve opening, high pressure positive blower wiring hole（Following wind turbines connect string holes）, heat exchanger hole cooling water hole, pressure transmitter hole（Institute
The service cable for stating heating element 26 connects the pressure transmitter hole, to be connect with pressure transmitter）Deng.
The exhaust equipment include detect the vacuum meter of vacuum degree in vacuum furnace body, be connected with the vacuum furnace body it is true
Sky pump and the water cooling component for being cooled down to the vacuum pump.Wherein, vacuum furnace body is equipped with and vacuumizes interface 10.Vacuum pump
May include slide valve pump, sliding vane rotary pump 41 or lobe pump 40.Wherein, slide valve pump or sliding vane rotary pump 41 can be used as fore pump, lobe pump
40 can be used as main pump.Specifically, the exhaust equipment can also have cap of high-vacuum baffle valve 43, electromagnetic belt vent valve 38, manually
The elements such as vent valve 38, valve for pressure difference, bellows 42.The exhaust equipment can make the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace body reach 6*
10-1Pa to 7*10-1Pa.Preferably, the final vacuum that the exhaust equipment can be formed is up to 6.7*10-1Pa。
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the courage wall of the flue 5 is equipped with insulating layer.The heat preservation layer material carbon felt or graphite
Felt structure.Flue 5 is equipped with heating element 26, insulating part 3, heating siege support base 251, heating element support base 252, heating
Electrode 4（It can be connected with above-mentioned electrode 37）, pressure head interface 12, graphite pressure head 8, lifting cylinder sleeve 13, cylinder 14, pressure head 8 pad
Plate 9 and self-lubricating workpiece 22, cooling air channel 24, siege pillar（The support base 25）, heat preservation deflector 27 and heating power supply
Transformer etc..26 material of heating element can be that high purity graphite or molybdenum heat band structure.The insulating part 3 is 99 potteries
Porcelain piece, the heating siege（One kind of heating element 26）It is graphite with 8 material of pressure head.
In the present embodiment, the vacuum sintering furnace for making self-lubricating workpiece further includes PID controller and thermometric
Component.The temperature measurement component can detect the sintering temperature in the flue 5；The PID controller and the temperature measurement component, institute
It states heating element 26 to be connected, the heating temperature of the heating element 26 is controlled with the sintering temperature detected according to the temperature measurement component
Degree.
Specifically, the heating element 26 can connect silicon-controlled heating pressure regulator.In this way, the confession of the heating element 26
Electricity is powered using low-voltage, high current mode, and carry out closed loop control using silicon-controlled heating pressure regulator as core, can be real
Now the braking of heating pid parameter is adjusted.Temperature thermocouple may be used in the temperature measurement component, specifically, temperature thermocouple uses
Twin-core S types（Platinum rhodium 10- platinum）Thermocouple, a core are used for temperature control, and another core is for record and overtemperature alarm.
In the present embodiment, the vacuum sintering furnace of the making self-lubricating workpiece further includes：Wind cooling unit；The air-cooled list
Member is passed through the inside of the vacuum furnace body；The flue 5 be equipped with the air inlet communicated inside vacuum furnace body and with heat exchange
The gas outlet that device communicates.Heat exchanger gas after cooling can be re-entered flue by the wind cooling unit through the air inlet
In 5.Specifically, the wind cooling unit includes wind turbine and cooling air source；The cooling air source is connected to 5 inside of the flue,
To input inert gas into flue 5；The wind turbine can drive gas to be inputted in flue 5 by the air inlet.The heat exchanger
（Cooling heat exchanger）It is installed in vacuum furnace body, and in the downstream of wind turbine outlet air.
In the present embodiment, the vacuum sintering furnace of the making self-lubricating workpiece further includes：Water cooling unit.The wind turbine is also
Equipped with the cover of double-casing motor 19 20.The cover of double-casing motor 19 20 is connected with cylinder 6 by flange 18.20 tool of the cover of the double-casing motor 19
There is the second water cooling gap.The water cooling unit and first water cooling gap, the second water cooling gap and the water cooling component phase
Connection, to supply cold water to the first water cooling gap, the second water cooling gap and the water cooling component.Wherein, water cooling
Unit can be water circulating pump.
Specifically, the two poles of the earth high-voltage motor 19 forms wind turbine with the installation of impeller 30.The air outlet position or vacuum drying oven of wind turbine
The air inlet position of body is equipped with wind guiding device 17.Wind guiding device 17 can be equipped with deflector 29.Draught fan impeller 30 is directly pacified
It is installed together on the output shaft of motor 19 and with the other end of cylinder 6 back to lid 23.When self-lubricating workpiece 22 heats
After when being cooled down, be filled with the inert gas of great Yue≤1bar into stove using the charge valve interface 31 by air source,
Starting fan, air-flow is from wind turbine by heating room（The inside of vacuum chamber is known as heating room）Crack between flue 5 is rapid
Workpiece 22 is blowed to, the thermal current come out from self-lubricating workpiece 22 is cooled down by gas outlet to heat exchanger 28, is handed over by heat
28 gas after cooling of parallel operation presses to self-lubricating workpiece 22 by wind turbine again, forms a circulation loop.
Meanwhile the inert gas of circulative convection can be made further fully cold using the first water cooling gap of vacuum furnace body
But, to accelerate the cooling velocity of self-lubricating workpiece 22.The startup of the motor 19 of high pressure positive blower uses the side of frequency converter or soft start
Formula, had not only reduced the impact of Current on Grid when motor 19 starts, but also can realize the adjusting of cooling velocity.It is cold in vacuum furnace body
But heat exchanger is full red copper heat exchanger structure, and uses square array type structure.Welding is arranged at the copper pipe top of the cooling heat exchanger
Formula fin, favorably with the absorption of heat, the efficiency with the evenly distributed raising heat absorption of copper tube with fins.
The air source can not only realize being quickly cooled down for part, additionally it is possible to realize heating when improve temperature uniformity it
With.Air source can also connect that charge valve, electromagnetism are micro- to fill valve, manual flow control valve, fast when realizing cooling to both can control
Speed inflation, and the vacuum degree in vacuum furnace body can be kept in a certain range, coming by the setting of vacuum meter by PLC controls
Meet the pressurize heating uniform needs of furnace temperature.
The electric-control system of the vacuum sintering furnace of the making self-lubricating workpiece（Including above-mentioned gas pressure-control valve, PID control
Device or even the controller of fan, Water-cooling circulating pump controller）Touch screen industrial computer may be used, be used for operating personnel
Real-time, interactive.The slave computer of system uses programmable controller, is used for spot sensor part interactive information, realizes according to technique
Flow automatically controls the operation of vacuum furnace body equipment components.The operation and monitoring of the vacuum sintering furnace of the making self-lubricating workpiece
There is touch screen industrial computer to realize completely, it mainly have monitoring interface, alert interface, automatic running interface, formula interface,
Manual interface, parameter setting, 7, curve interface interface composition.
Below by detailed description present embodiment making self-lubricating workpiece vacuum sintering furnace the course of work, so as to
The preferably connection present invention.
The vacuum sintering furnace basic operation for making self-lubricating workpiece is as follows：Manual blow-on door fills workpiece 22, closes fire door
→（Condition：Parameter setting alarm free（Parameters are set in parameter setting interface：Such as inflate superpressure pressure alarm 0.2MPa, cold
But 100 degree of maximum temperature, 40 entry condition 800Pa of lobe pump, in-furnace temperature alarm maximum temperature in the stove that retainer is opened after
1200 degree, heating when minimum vacuum alarm vacuum degree 133Pa, minimum hydraulic pressure pressure alarm 0.1MPa, return water temperature alarm 35 degree,
Deng）→ auto-start button opens → slide valve pump open (11KW) → main road flapper valve 43 open (solenoid valve) →（Condition：Vacuum degree
800Pa or more）Lobe pump 40 open (5.5KW) →（Condition：Vacuum degree is in 10Pa or more）（Heating process curve is finished）Heating is opened
（150KW）→ (heating curves → end of run) heating pass → 43 passes of the main road vacuum flapper valve → pass of lobe pump 40 (5.5KW) →
Slide valve pump, which closes (11KW) → charge valve, opens (solenoid valve) → (condition:Pressure selection pressure is charged to position) charge valve pass (solenoid valve) →
Wind turbine opens (55KW) → (condition:Temperature is at 100 degree hereinafter, setting delay time arrives) wind turbine pass → (condition:Temperature is at 100 degree
Vent valve opens (solenoid valve) → (delay 3 minutes, pressure is equal with air) vent valve pass → unit vent valve and opens (electromagnetism below)
Valve) →（Delay 30 seconds）Unit vent valve pass → slide valve pump open (11KW) → main road flapper valve 43 open (solenoid valve) →（Delay 5
Minute）Retainer open (solenoid valve) →（Retainer reaches position）Slide valve pump closes (11KW) → main road flapper valve 43 and closes (solenoid valve) → work
Skill completes alarm → manual feeding pass stove.
It is if you need to the operation for controlling into internal pressure during automatic running：Partial pressure switch opens → and lobe pump 40 closes → it micro- fills
Valve opens →（Flow switching valve is adjusted manually）（Condition：Vacuum degree, which reaches, reaches the standard grade）It is micro- fill valve close →（Condition：Under vacuum degree reaches
Line）It is micro- fill valve open →（Condition：Vacuum degree, which reaches, reaches the standard grade）Micro- valve that fills closes → reciprocation cycle successively, and if you need to close, partial pressure switch is opened
→（Delay 1 minute）Lobe pump 40 is opened.
Referring to Fig. 5, the present invention also provides a kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece, include the following steps：
S1, agglomerated material is obtained；
S2, it suppresses the agglomerated material to form embryo material；
S3, the embryo material is pasted on sintered base plate；
S4, the embryo material on the sintered base plate is sintered in vacuum environment, the embryo material surface is applied in sintering process
Pressure；
S5, the workpiece formed after sintering is cooled down and takes out progress immersion oil processing.
Wherein, in step sl, the agglomerated material can be copper alloy powder（It wherein can be copper-iron alloy）.It is obtaining
It takes the copper alloy powder of sinter layer last, copper alloy powder input batch mixer is stirred uniformly mixed.It will mix again equal
Even copper alloy powder carries out compacting and forms embryo material.
It to be formed in embryo material in described suppress the copper alloy powder, pressing pressure is 3-5T/cm every square centimeter2, pressure
The embryo material size of system is controlled in 100cm2Within.Requirement of the thickness of compacting according to product, it is preferred that the embryo material thickness of compacting is small
In or equal to 5 millimeters.In this step, the embryo material shape of compacting is rectangular blocks or axle sleeve shape.
The embryo material is pasted on sintered base plate in step described, the embryo material can be pasted on burning using glue
Tie substrate（Usually steel plate）Surface on.Also, when pasting between embryo material and embryo material（As possible）It is adjacent to.In the upper of sintered base plate
Surface and lower surface are pasted with embryo material, and then double-deck plate posted is put into sintering furnace and is sintered.
In step s 4, sintering furnace provides vacuum environment.It is both needed to place above and below substrate when putting sintered base plate
Graphite planar.The graphite planar all covers the embryo material on sintered base plate.It is burnt by the pressure head compression of sintering furnace on top
Knot.Wherein, the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment reaches 6*10-1Pa to 7*10-1Pa.Preferably, the vacuum degree of vacuum environment is general
It will be 6.7 × 10-1Pa or so.It forms vacuum environment and two-stage vacuum pump may be used, there is sliding vane rotary pump or slide valve pump and Roots's pump group
Unit is vacuumized at two-stage.In the step S4, sintering temperature is within 920 degree to 1000 degree.Sintering is completed, in sintering furnace
Interior to be cooled down by heat exchange, the product of sintering, which is cooled to 100 degree or less, to be taken out.
In step s 5, the workpiece taken out in sintering furnace is put into progress immersion oil processing in vacuum oil immersion equipment.Immersion oil
Finishing can metalworking formation self-lubricating finished workpart.The vacuum sintering method of the making self-lubricating workpiece can utilize above-mentioned system
Make the vacuum sintering furnace of self-lubricating workpiece, it is of course possible to which, using the sintering furnace of other constructions, present embodiment is not limited thereto.
Present embodiment provided making self-lubricating workpiece vacuum sintering method by using vacuum-sintering mode,
It is pre-configured with a kind of copper alloy powder, the main component of the alloyed powder is to carry low melting point, in sintering process, due to the work of vacuum
With, therefore the powder for being readily able to melt is taken away, and microcosmic porous state is formed.The vacuum sintering method of the making self-lubricating workpiece is main
It is to be easily formed porous, the porous organization of the copper-clad iron of self-assembling formation after being sintered such as copper-iron alloy using the natural thawing of powder
Deng.In view of the wearability of the frictional layer of sintering, the formula of sinter layer has certain more characteristics, it not only have can be formed it is microcosmic
Porous organization, it is often more important that sinter layer itself has very strong wearability and seizure resistance.
Herein cited any digital value all include between lower limiting value to upper limit value with the lower value of an incremented and
The all values of upper value, there are the intervals of at least two units between any lower value and any much higher value.For example, such as
Fruit elaborates the quantity or process variable of a component（Such as temperature, pressure, time etc.）Value be from 1 to 90, preferably from 20
To 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, then purpose is arrived in order to illustrate also clearly listing such as 15 to 85,22 in the specification
68,43 to 51,30 to 32 is equivalent.For the value less than 1, suitably think that a unit is 0.0001,0.001,0.01,0.1.
These are only intended to the example clearly expressed, it is believed that the numerical value enumerated between minimum and peak is possible to
Combination is all expressly set forth in the specification in a similar manner.
Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges all include all numbers between endpoint and endpoint.It is used together with range
" about " or " approximation " be suitable for two endpoints of the range.Thus, " about 20 to 30 " are intended to covering " about 20 to about
30 ", including at least the endpoint indicated.
All articles and reference disclosed, including patent application and publication, for various purposes by quoting knot
Together in this.The term " substantially by ... constitute " for describing combination should include identified element, ingredient, component or step and reality
Other elements, ingredient, component or the step of the basic novel feature of the combination are not influenced in matter.Using term "comprising" or
" comprising " describes the combination of element here, ingredient, component or step it is also contemplated that substantially by these elements, ingredient, component
Or the embodiment that step is constituted.Here by using term " can with ", it is intended to illustrate that " can with " includes described any
Attribute is all optional.
Multiple element, ingredient, component or step can be provided by single integrated component, ingredient, component or step.Optionally
Ground, single integrated component, ingredient, component or step can be divided into multiple element, ingredient, component or the step of separation.It is used for
The open "a" or "an" for describing element, ingredient, component or step is not said to exclude other elements, ingredient, component
Or step.
It should be understood that above description is to illustrate rather than to be limited.By reading above-mentioned retouch
It states, many embodiments and many applications except the example provided all will be aobvious and easy for a person skilled in the art
See.Therefore, the range of this introduction should not be determined with reference to foregoing description, but should with reference to appended claims and this
The full scope of the equivalent that a little claims are possessed determines.For comprehensive purpose, all articles and with reference to including special
The disclosure of profit application and bulletin is all by reference to being incorporated herein.Theme disclosed herein is omitted in preceding claims
Any aspect is not intended to abandon the body matter, also should not be considered as inventor the theme is not thought of as it is disclosed
A part for subject matter.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of vacuum sintering method making self-lubricating workpiece, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Obtain agglomerated material；
It suppresses the agglomerated material to form embryo material；
The embryo material is pasted on sintered base plate；
The embryo material on the sintered base plate is sintered in vacuum environment, the embryo material surface is applied in sintering process and is pressed
Power；
The workpiece formed after sintering is cooled down to take out and carries out immersion oil processing.
2. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the agglomerated material is
Copper alloy powder.
3. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include following step
Suddenly：
The agglomerated material is uniformly mixed；
Correspondingly, described suppress the agglomerated material to form embryo material and include：Agglomerated material after mixing is suppressed to be formed
Embryo material.
4. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described by the burning
Knot material is suppressed to be formed in embryo material step, and pressing pressure is 3-5T/cm every square centimeter2。
5. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described by the burning
Knot material is suppressed to be formed in embryo material step, and the embryo material size is in 100cm2Within.
6. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described by the burning
Knot material is suppressed to be formed in embryo material step, and the embryo material thickness of compacting is less than or equal to 5 millimeters.
7. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described by the embryo
Material is pasted on sintered base plate in step, and multiple embryo materials are pasted in the upper surface and lower surface of the sintered base plate, same
Two neighboring embryo material is adjacent to placement on surface.
8. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the vacuum environment
Vacuum degree is 6*10-1Pa to 7*10-1Pa。
9. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sintering temperature exists
Within 920 degrees Celsius to 1000 degrees Celsius.
10. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the workpiece is cold
But to taking out within 100 degrees Celsius.
11. making the vacuum sintering method of self-lubricating workpiece as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that after immersion oil processing
Self-lubricating finished workpart is formed to workpiece metalworking.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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