CN108400354A - A kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system - Google Patents
A kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108400354A CN108400354A CN201810045259.6A CN201810045259A CN108400354A CN 108400354 A CN108400354 A CN 108400354A CN 201810045259 A CN201810045259 A CN 201810045259A CN 108400354 A CN108400354 A CN 108400354A
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- injector
- nozzle
- solenoid valve
- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system, and the injector includes:Injector main body, interior measuring tool have recycle hydrogen air flow inlet and hydrogen outlet;Nozzle flows into the tapered divergent nozzle of injector main body with high pressure hydrogen inflow entrance and for high pressure hydrogen;Solenoid valve has the valve body of the probe for adjusting nozzle aditus laryngis cross-sectional area size and control probe movement.The present invention provides a kind of injector for fuel cell system hydrogen circulation loop, can change the cross-sectional area of aditus laryngis according to the amounts of hydrogen needed for pile power and pile.Process of the injector in work, the position of solenoid valve control probe can be passed through, with the flow of this recycling gas for controlling hydrogen circulation loop, more specifically, the working performance that injector can be automatically controlled, making it, by with reducing aditus laryngis cross-sectional area, internal circulating load increases with making recycling gas under pile small-power operating mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fuel cell technology, are related to a kind of vehicle fuel battery dynamical system, more particularly to a kind of
The injector of fuel cell system for vehicles hydrogen gas circulating system.
Background technology
Fuel cell car is one kind of new-energy automobile, and with cleaning, environmental protection, energy efficiency is high, operate steadily, nothing is made an uproar
It is the advantages that sound, more and more to the research of fuel cell car at present.For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, hydrogen and oxygen are logical
Oxidization-reduction reaction converts chemical energy to electric energy and is used for driving automobile.The end product of hydrogen and oxygen is water, to ring
Border does not have any pollution.
Fuel cell system for vehicles is generally by air supply system, hydrogen gas feed system, hydro-thermal management system and system
Control four parts composition.Wherein hydrogen gas feed system has anode-dead-end and hydrogen cycle two ways again.Hydrogen endless form can
To improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, while hydrogen cycle can also improve the water balance in pile and avoid that water logging occurs in pile, improve
The working efficiency of pile.The working performance of circulator in hydrogen gas circulating system directly affects hydrogen circulating effect.
The effect of injector in above-mentioned fuel cell system is primarily used to the circulator in hydrogen gas circulating system, storage
Hydrogen in hydrogen bottle out mixes in injector with recycled hydrogen, and into fuel cell pile, recycled hydrogen is followed
Ring reflects the quality of injector working performance than size.Injector is a mechanical part, and the aditus laryngis of injector is transversal
Area has conclusive influence to the working performance of injector.When pile small-power export or react needed for amounts of hydrogen very
Hour, the hydrogen flowing quantity of injector is at this moment entered from hydrogen storage bottle can also reduce, under such conditions, the injection performance meeting of injector
Decline even without injection effect.Therefore, the injection ratio of injector how is improved, the working range for widening injector is injector
The emphasis of research.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to:A kind of vehicle fuel battery injector is provided, it can be according to fuel electricity
Amounts of hydrogen needed for power or the pile reaction in pond changes the cross-sectional area of injector aditus laryngis, makes injector under each operating mode
There can be good injection effect.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system, the injector include:
Injector main body, interior measuring tool have recycle hydrogen air flow inlet and hydrogen outlet;
Nozzle flows into the tapered divergent nozzle of injector main body with high pressure hydrogen inflow entrance and for high pressure hydrogen;
Solenoid valve has the valve body of the probe for adjusting nozzle aditus laryngis cross-sectional area size and control probe movement.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, having between the injector main body and the nozzle prevents hydrogen gas leakage
First seal.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, having between the injector main body and the nozzle prevents hydrogen gas leakage
Second seal.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, having between the injector main body and the nozzle prevents hydrogen gas leakage
Second seal.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, there is the third for preventing hydrogen gas leakage between the nozzle and the solenoid valve
Sealing element.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the aditus laryngis, under different fuel battery powers, according to different entrance
Hydrogen flowing quantity in the nozzle, the position of probe described in the solenoid valve control, changes the cross-sectional area of aditus laryngis.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the probe axially moves under the control of solenoid valve in nozzle.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, when the hydrogen flowing quantity that pile input power reduces or pile reaction is required reduces
When, the probe is under the control of solenoid valve from solenoid valve to nozzle)Direction moves, and reduces the cross-sectional area at nozzle aditus laryngis.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, when the hydrogen flowing quantity that pile input power increases or pile reaction is required increases
When, the probe moves under the control of solenoid valve from nozzle to solenoid valve direction, increases the cross-sectional area at nozzle aditus laryngis.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of injector for fuel cell system hydrogen circulation loop, can be according to pile power and pile
Required amounts of hydrogen changes the cross-sectional area of aditus laryngis.Injector can pass through the position of solenoid valve control probe in the process of work
It sets, the workability of injector more specifically can be automatically controlled with the flow of this recycling gas for controlling hydrogen circulation loop
Can, making it, by with reducing aditus laryngis cross-sectional area, internal circulating load increases with making recycling gas under pile small-power operating mode.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is vehicle fuel battery hydrogen circulatory system figure;
Fig. 2, which is that vehicle fuel battery of the present invention is variable, shouts a mouthful injector outline drawing;
Fig. 3 is shown vehicle fuel battery injector sectional view;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of shown vehicle fuel battery injector nozzle part;
Fig. 5 is shown vehicle fuel battery injector solenoid valve standard-sized sheet schematic diagram under the high-power load of pile;
Fig. 6 is shown vehicle fuel battery injector fully closed schematic diagram of solenoid valve under pile small-power load;
* symbol description *
210:Hydrogen container 220:Pressure reducing valve
230:Injector 240:Pile
250:Arrange hydrogen solenoid valve 260:Temperature and pressure transmitter
270:Temperature and pressure transmitter.
Specific implementation mode
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Without departing substantially from spirit of that invention
In the case of essence, to modifications or substitutions made by the method for the present invention, step or condition, the protection model of the present invention is belonged to
It encloses.
Hereinafter, being described with reference to vehicle fuel battery variable throat injector specific embodiment.
Fig. 1 is vehicle fuel battery hydrogen circulatory system schematic diagram.
Vehicle fuel battery hydrogen circulatory system figure includes referring to Fig.1:Hydrogen storage bottle(210), provided instead for fuel cell pile
Answer required hydrogen;Pressure reducing valve(220), high pressure hydrogen pressure reduction that hydrogen storage bottle is flowed out to the required pressure in injector front end
Power;Injector(230), in work hydrogen and recycled hydrogen blending transportation to pile;Pile(240), hydrogen and oxygen
Reacting environment;Arrange hydrogen solenoid valve(250), under the control of cpu according to the anode export of certain frequency discharge part
Exhaust gas;Temperature and pressure transmitter(260,270), the temperature and pressure being used in signal piping, and detected value is transmitted
To CPU.
To each component, detailed description are as follows, pile(240)By several single battery groups at, each monocell again by film,
Catalyst, bipolar plates and gas diffusion layers composition.Hydrogen is then passed through film by the gas diffusion layers of anode-side and passes through cathode side
The oxygen of gas diffusion layers reacts, and generates heat and generates water.A water part is diffused into the runner of cathode side, and a part is anti-
It is diffused into the runner of anode-side.Pile under the control of cpu, the required power of output system, and the power that pile is exported
It is related with the amount of hydrogen and oxygen.When the power of pile output increases, the amount for reacting required hydrogen and oxygen also can be therewith
Increase, it is therefore desirable to which anode-side supplies more hydrogen;When pile output power reduces, the amount of required hydrogen and oxygen
It can reduce, it is therefore desirable to reduce the hydrogen of anode-side supply.
Hydrogen storage bottle(210)Main function be storage hydrogen.Since the density of hydrogen is very small, in order to improve the hydrogen of storage
The amount of gas generally stores hydrogen using high-pressure hydrogen storing bottle.Hydrogen storage bottle conveys hydrogen to pile under the control of cpu.
Pressure reducing valve(220)Effect be by hydrogen storage bottle come out high pressure hydrogen pressure reduction to suitably value.Due to hydrogen storage
The hydrogen of bottle out is high pressure hydrogen, pile can not be allowed directly to use, and the pressure of the working performance of injector and work hydrogen
Power is related.Therefore, pressure reducing valve needs under the control of cpu, the high pressure hydrogen pressure reduction that hydrogen storage bottle is conveyed to injector energy
The pressure value enough worked normally.
Injector(230)Main function be will pass through pressure reducing valve hydrogen and pile anode export hydrogen mix, then
Mixed hydrogen is conveyed to pile.By the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of pressure reducing valve higher than the hydrogen recycled, work hydrogen is worked as in nozzle
Middle to pass through tapered divergent nozzle, pressure reduces, and speed increases.After nozzle outflow, recycled hydrogen is sucked into mixing chamber, is filled
Divide mixing.Mixed hydrogen flows through diffuser casing, and diffuser casing is one section of divergent nozzle, mixes the speed of hydrogen and reduces, pressure carries
Height reaches the pressure needed for pile anode inlet.Finally, mixing hydrogen passes through pile anode inlet(A)Flow into pile.Work as work
When the flow of fluid changes, the optimal cross-section product of aditus laryngis should also change correspondingly, and operative fluid flow rate increases, aditus laryngis it is transversal
Area should increase;Operative fluid flow rate reduces, and the cross-sectional area of aditus laryngis should reduce therewith.
Arrange hydrogen solenoid valve(250)Effect the gas of a part of pile anode export is discharged, reduce water in hydrogen circulation loop
The amount of steam.Pile will produce water in the process of running, then a part of back-diffusion of water is diffused into anode gas diffusion layer
In the hydrogen of recycling.The relative humidity of vapor can be gradually increased with the run time of pile in hydrogen circulation loop,
When the relative humidity of vapor in hydrogen circulation loop is excessively high, the water in anode gas diffusion layer can be blocked in gas diffusion layers
Channel leads to water logging, hinders gas transport, and pile working performance is made to decline.Arranging hydrogen solenoid valve opening can be by the one of anode export
Portion gas is discharged, and reduces the relative humidity of vapor in hydrogen circulation loop, prevents the generation of water logging.
In addition each parts in hydrogen circulatory system circuit need piping connection, these pipelines need to ensure safety, do not leak
Gas.
The outline drawing of vehicle fuel battery variable throat injector of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 is shown injector
Outline drawing, Fig. 4 are the partial sectional views of shown injector gullet section.
Below for convenience of description, vacuum solenoid valve will be passed through(220)The hydrogen for flowing into injector is known as the hydrogen that works, will
The complete hydrogen for flowing into injector of pile unreacted is known as recycled hydrogen.
121 in injector nozzle part invented are connected with the vacuum solenoid valve in Fig. 1 by pipeline, work
Hydrogen flows through vacuum solenoid valve, and injector is flowed into from 121 in nozzle.In 111 parts and Fig. 1 in injector main body
Pile anode export B be connected, recycled hydrogen from 111 part of injector main body flow into injector.
The injector includes injector main body(110), nozzle(120), solenoid valve(130), sealing element(140,150,
160)It constitutes.Wherein solenoid valve is by probe(131), electromagnetic valve plug(133), electromagnetic valve core(132)And spring is constituted.
Injector nozzle(120)Side has the channel of work hydrogen flow nozzle, one end to be connected with solenoid valve, and the other end is logical
Enter in injector main body.The part inner flow passage in main body is passed through by decrement jet pipe, aditus laryngis and divergent nozzle three parts structure
At.Hydrogen work from 121 flow nozzle of side, then flows through the tapered divergent nozzle of nozzle.Sub-sonic fluid flows through tapered spray
Its pressure energy, can be converted to kinetic energy, pressure reduction by the process of pipe, and speed increases;Reach local velocity of sound at aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis is
One section of prismatic pipeline;When the fluid for reaching the velocity of sound flows through divergent nozzle, pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, and pressure declines,
Speed increases.Work hydrogen flows through tapered divergent nozzle, and pressure and speed change according to the above process, in nozzle exit pressure
Power is less than recycled hydrogen.Supersonic gas can form shock wave, pressure and speed after flowing out jet pipe in outside nozzle
Quickly fluctuation, with the mixing chamber in this hydrogen sucking injector main body by recycling.
Injector main body(110)By the recycled hydrogen flow ipe 111 of side, mixing chamber, diffuser casing composition.Work hydrogen
Gas is flowed out from nozzle, recycled hydrogen is sucked mixing chamber, mixing chamber is the prismatic pipeline in one end, recycled hydrogen and work
Hydrogen is sufficiently mixed in mixing chamber;Well-mixed gas flows out mixing chamber, flows into diffuser casing, and diffuser casing is one section of flaring spray
Pipe, mixing hydrogen pressure during flowing through diffuser casing increase, and speed reduces;Mixing hydrogen by supercharging is from injector master
Pipeline between body and pile anode inlet flows into pile.
Solenoid valve(130)By electromagnetic valve body, probe(131), electromagnetic valve core(132)It is constituted with spring.The power supply of solenoid valve
Interface and signal input port are 133.Probe(131)It is fixed on electromagnetic valve core(132)On, electromagnetic valve core can do axial direction in solenoid valve
Movement.The elastic force that solenoid valve generates electromagnetic force according to the signal that is received and spring generates controls electromagnetic valve core and probe
Movement, wherein spring is in compressive state.
Spring force:
Wherein k is coefficient of elasticity, and x is the type variable of spring.
For indicating electromagnetic force.
The resultant force of the two:
During electromagnetic valve work,, spool remains static;, spool is to far from nozzle direction shifting
It is dynamic, until, stop motion;When, spool to close to nozzle direction move, until。
Sealing element(140,150,160)Effect mainly prevent hydrogen gas leakage.On the one hand hydrogen gas leakage can influence injection
The working performance of device so that pressure reduction in injector;Still further aspect, hydrogen gas leakage will produce certain safety hazard, hydrogen
The fried least concentration of gas explosion is 4.1%.Nozzle(120)With injector main body(110)Between use two sealing elements(140,150),
Two-stage seals, and prevents from leaking between injector main body and nozzle.Solenoid valve(130)And nozzle(120)Between use level-one
Sealing(160)
Shown in Fig. 4 is the gullet section partial view of nozzle.The flow of work hydrogen is related to the output power of pile, pile
Output power it is small, the amounts of hydrogen of consumption reduces, and the amounts of hydrogen supplied can also be reduced.When the flow of the work hydrogen of injector
When less than design conditions, the working performance of injector declines, and at this time can improve injection if reducing the cross-sectional area of aditus laryngis
The working performance of device.The side of probe is that cross-sectional area gradually changes, and when the operative fluid flow rate of injector reduces, probe can
To be moved to close to nozzle direction under the control of solenoid valve, reduce the cross-sectional area of aditus laryngis;When the flow of working fluid increases
When, probe can move under the control of solenoid valve to far from nozzle direction.
Fig. 5 is shown vehicle fuel battery injector solenoid valve standard-sized sheet schematic diagram under the high-power load of pile.Work as pile
Output power when reaching maximum, the amounts of hydrogen needed for pile is maximum at this time, and solenoid valve receives the control signal that CPU is sent,
Generate electromagnetic force at this time, spool is under the action of electromagnetic force to moving far from nozzle direction.During movement,
Spring forceIt gradually increases.Electromagnetic valve core moves the limiting condition of spring-compressed, and in this condition, spring can not be after
Continuous compression, the cross-sectional area at nozzle aditus laryngis reaches maximum value at this time.
Fig. 6 is shown vehicle fuel battery injector fully closed schematic diagram of solenoid valve under pile small-power load.At this
Under state, the electromagnetic force of solenoid valve is minimum, while being also the position of spool when solenoid valve does not work.Work as electromagnetic force
When, spool is moved to close to nozzle direction, one end when spool and sealing element(160)When thinking contact, due to the blocking of sealing element,
Spool is hindered to continue to move.For spool at this position, the cross-sectional area at aditus laryngis is minimum.When solenoid valve does not work, electricity
Magnetic force, spool under the effect of spring force, can also be maintained at this position.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be said that the present invention is specifically real
It applies and is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, before not departing from present inventive concept
It puts, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system, which is characterized in that the injector includes:
Injector main body(110), interior measuring tool has recycle hydrogen air flow inlet(111)And hydrogen outlet(112);
Nozzle(120), there is high pressure hydrogen inflow entrance(121)With the tapered flaring spray for flowing into injector main body for high pressure hydrogen
Mouth(122);
Solenoid valve(130), have and adjust nozzle aditus laryngis(123)The probe of cross-sectional area size(131)With control probe movement
Valve body(132).
2. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to draw
Emitter main body(110)With the nozzle(120)Between have and prevent the first seal of hydrogen gas leakage(140).
3. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to draw
Emitter main body(110)With the nozzle(120)Between have and prevent the second seal of hydrogen gas leakage(150).
4. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to draw
Emitter main body(110)With the nozzle(120)Between have and prevent the second seal of hydrogen gas leakage(150).
5. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the spray
Mouth(120)With the solenoid valve(130)Between have and prevent the third sealing element of hydrogen gas leakage(160).
6. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the larynx
Mouthful(123), under different fuel battery powers, according to the different entrance nozzles(120)Hydrogen flowing quantity in the middle, it is described
Solenoid valve(130)Control the probe(131)Position, change aditus laryngis(123)Cross-sectional area.
7. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the spy
Needle(131)In solenoid valve(130)Control under axially move in nozzle.
8. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that work as pile
When the hydrogen flowing quantity that input power reduces or pile reaction is required reduces, the probe(131)In solenoid valve(130)Control under
From solenoid valve(130)To nozzle(120)Direction moves, and reduces nozzle(120)Aditus laryngis(123)The cross-sectional area at place.
9. a kind of variable throat injector for fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that work as pile
When the hydrogen flowing quantity that input power increases or pile reaction is required increases, the probe(132)In solenoid valve(130)Control under
From nozzle(120)To solenoid valve(130)Direction moves, and increases nozzle(120)Aditus laryngis(123)The cross-sectional area at place.
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CN109882453A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-14 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | The injector of variable cross section |
CN110247080A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-17 | 中山大洋电机股份有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen gas circulating system of fuel cell power system |
CN111740131A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-02 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen return system of fuel cell |
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CN112563539A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-03-26 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell ejector integrating flow measurement function and flow measurement method |
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CN112768726A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-07 | 清华大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell anode gas circulation system containing ejector |
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