CN108400282A - A kind of anode and preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery - Google Patents
A kind of anode and preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108400282A CN108400282A CN201810039618.7A CN201810039618A CN108400282A CN 108400282 A CN108400282 A CN 108400282A CN 201810039618 A CN201810039618 A CN 201810039618A CN 108400282 A CN108400282 A CN 108400282A
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- aluminium alloy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
- H01M4/08—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
- H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery, including the anode of fuel cell is aluminium alloy, and aluminium alloy includes being made of aluminium, magnesium, tin, lithium, zinc, calcium, indium, and the mass percentage content of the aluminium alloy each component is：Magnesium is 0.1 8%, tin 0.01 1%, lithium 0.2 2%, zinc 0.2 5%, calcium 0.01 0.5%, indium 0.02 2%, the aluminium of surplus；The invention further relates to a kind of anode preparation methods of aluminium alloy seawater battery；The present invention overcomes the aluminium alloy of prior art preparation to be susceptible to segregation, the non-uniform deficiency of aluminum alloy organization, the anode for improving fuel cell is capable of the ability of homogeneous corrosion when using discharging, effectively inhibit the formation of oxidation film, the electro-chemical conversion rate and utilization rate of anode are improved simultaneously, in the case of high current and multiplying power discharging, the overall stability and reliability for improving fuel cell, the power to increase aluminium alloy seawater battery provide possibility.The present invention meets the trend of new energy development, has extensive market application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the anodes and preparation side of fuel cell anode materials more particularly to a kind of aluminium alloy seawater battery
Method.
Background technology
Fuel cell is the novel battery that chemical energy is converted directly into electric energy and thermal energy, the difference with conventional batteries
Place is, as long as having fuel and oxidant supply, has continual electric power output.It is because with energy conversion effect
Rate is high, pollution-free, the advantages that starting fast, battery life length, specific power, is higher than energy, and in stationary power generation system, scene use
Have broad application prospects in terms of power supply, distributed generation resource, spacecraft power supply and power supply used for vehicle.And with tradition
Battery is compared, and the energy of fuel cell at least wants 10 times high.Fuel cell includes mainly alkaline fuel cell phosphoric acid fuel at present
Battery, molten carbonate fuel cell, solid oxide time fuel cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, direct methanol fuel electricity
Pond etc. all includes necessarily anode, cathode and the electrolysis between anode and cathode regardless of fuel cell, in structure
Matter.
In the prior art, anode material mainly uses following several：
One, the anode material of hydrogen-air fuel cell, battery is hydrogen (H2).Hydrogen fuel is deposited in terms of use, transport, storage
In certain security risk, and the cost for hydrogen being manufactured into electrode material is very high, storage price, the system of catalysis electrode
Cost lattice are also very high.
Two, zinc-air fuel cell, battery are used as anode using zinc-base metal (kirsite), in zinc alloy anode and air
Hydrone easy to produce oxidation, deliquesce phenomenon, and in air carbon dioxide chemical combination be easy generate carbonate chemical combination
Object influences metal anode performance, so zinc alloy anode cannot be stored for a long time；And the electrolyte in battery must be alkalinity
Oxyhydroxide solution, be otherwise just not achieved in zinc-air fuel cell zinc alloy anode burn into catalysis effect, so
And alkaline oxyhydroxide solution either has prodigious harm to people or environment.
Three, other fuel power systems (such as：Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, alkaline fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel electricity
Pond, molten carbonate fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell)：Its property with the anode material of hydrogen-air fuel cell,
Manufacture, using substantially near.
Four, magnesium alloy fuel battery is the applicant provided in the patent that grant number is CN102005577B " one
The anode and preparation method thereof of kind magnesium alloy fuel battery " is used as anode using magnesium-base metal (magnesium alloy), and having can generate
Stronger electric current, conductivity height, duration long, efficient, free of contamination advantage.For with aluminium similar in magnesium, earth's surface storage
Standby content bigger, manufacturing application field is wider, and the anode material as fuel cell is more suitable, but with prior art system
Standby aluminium alloy leads to that fuel battery service life is short, efficiency is low there is segregation, the uneven deficiency of aluminum alloy organization, i.e. high-performance
Aluminium alloy seawater battery be also difficult to promote and apply on the market.
Invention content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of anodes of aluminium alloy seawater battery
And preparation method, anode segregation is less than one thousandth, and anode even tissue, while inhibiting the generation of hydrogen, to improve
The battery efficiency of fuel cell.
The present invention provides a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery, and the anode of the fuel cell is aluminium alloy, aluminium alloy
Including being made of aluminium, magnesium, tin, lithium, zinc, calcium, indium, the mass percentage content of the aluminium alloy each component is：
Further, the mass percentage content of the aluminium alloy each component is：
Further, the aluminium alloy molded surface generation has oxidation film；The oxide thickness is less than 6 microns.
Further, the purity of the aluminium is more than or equal to 99.98%.
Further, the aluminium alloy molded surface magnesium quantity combusted is less than or equal to 3/1000ths.
A kind of anode preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery, includes the following steps：
S1, first by feedstock purification to 99.98%, the raw material includes being made of aluminium, magnesium, tin, lithium, zinc, calcium, indium, gallium；
S2, again by aluminium that mass percent is 81-99.43%, mass percent be 0.1-8% magnesium, mass percent
It is 0.2-2% lithiums for 0.01-1% tin, mass percent, mass percent is 0.2-5% zinc, mass percent 0.01-
0.5% calcium, mass percent are 0.02-2% indiums, mass percent is that 0.03-0.5% galliums are mixed together melting, and aluminium conjunction is made
Gold solution；
S3, by the aluminium alloy solution after melting by particular manufacturing craft curing molding, and protected between the temperature of 480-560K
Temperature precipitation, soaking time be more than or equal to 90 minutes, after carry out room temperature cooling again, aluminum alloy blank is made.
Further, further include step S4：The surface of aluminum alloy blank after curing molding is carried out at excision processing
Reason, is made aluminium alloy.
Further, the density of the aluminium alloy is per cubic centimeter more than or equal to 2.58 grams
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention provides a kind of anode and preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery, and the aluminium of prior art preparation is overcome to close
Gold is susceptible to segregation, the non-uniform deficiency of aluminum alloy organization, and the anode for improving fuel cell can be uniform when using discharging
The ability of corrosion, effectively inhibits the formation of oxidation film, while improving the electro-chemical conversion rate and utilization rate of anode, in high current
In the case of multiplying power discharging, the overall stability and reliability of fuel cell are improved, to increase the work(of aluminium alloy seawater battery
Rate provides may.
Above description is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, in conjunction with specific implementation mode, the present invention is described further, it should be noted that is do not collided
Under the premise of, new embodiment can be formed between various embodiments described below or between each technical characteristic in any combination.
A kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery, the preferable content of the mass percent of aluminium alloy each component are：
In embodiment 1, the mass percentage content of aluminium alloy each component is specially：
Wherein the purity of aluminium is more than or equal to 99.98%, and aluminum alloy surface is equipped with oxidation film；It is micro- that oxide thickness is less than 6
Rice.In the present embodiment, the anode preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery is as follows：
A, first aluminum metal raw material Refining is reached more than or equal to 99.98%, then takes 98.36 parts of (weight) aluminium, 0.5
The magnesium, 0.01 part of tin, 0.5 part of lithium, 0.5 part of zinc, 0.05 part of calcium, 0.08 part of indium of part；It additionally needs to add
The melting together of 0.03-0.5 parts of gallium, is made molten aluminium alloy；Because gallium only adds in fusion process, after fusion process
Finished product aluminium alloy constituent in have no the presence of gallium；
B, by the molten aluminium alloy after melting by particular manufacturing craft curing molding, and the temperature range of 480-560K it
Between keep the temperature 90 minutes or more and carry out room temperature cooling again, aluminum alloy blank is made；
C, the surface of the aluminum alloy blank after curing molding is subjected to excision working process, aluminium alloy is made, to remove table
The oxide composition in face ensures the purity of aluminium alloy.
In example 2, the mass percentage content of aluminium alloy each component is specially：
Wherein the purity of aluminium is more than or equal to 99.98%, and aluminum alloy surface is equipped with oxidation film；It is micro- that oxide thickness is less than 6
Rice.In the present embodiment, the anode preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery is as follows：
A, first aluminum metal raw material Refining is reached more than or equal to 99.98%, then take 89.6 parts of (quality) aluminium, 6 parts
Magnesium, 0.1 part of tin, 1.2 parts of lithium, 2.5 parts of zinc, 0.1 part of calcium, 0.5 part of indium；Additionally need 0.03-0.5 parts of addition
Gallium melting together, molten aluminium alloy is made；Because gallium only adds in fusion process, the finished product aluminium after fusion process closes
The presence of gallium is had no in golden constituent；
B, by the molten aluminium alloy after melting by particular manufacturing craft curing molding, and the temperature range of 480-560K it
Between keep the temperature 90 minutes or more and carry out room temperature cooling again, aluminum alloy blank is made；
C, the surface of the aluminum alloy blank after curing molding is subjected to excision working process, aluminium alloy is made, to remove table
The oxide composition in face ensures the purity of aluminium alloy.
Wherein, magnesium elements have electrode potential more more negative than aluminium, and alloying element Mg is added in fine aluminium, make current potential is negative to move
And it is more stable；It is added in a certain amount of magnesium to alloy system, the corrosion resistance of aluminium anodes can be improved.But excess Mg and Al
And alloying element reaction generate Mg2Al3 be cathode phase, when Mg phase compound amounts are more and crystal boundary enrichment it is serious when, no
Only rotten candle current density increases, and electro-chemical activity reduces.
After adding tin element in aluminium alloy, passivating film (dense oxidation film) surface lower valency A13+ is by high-valence state Sn4+
Replaced, to produce an additional hole, destroys the compactness structure of oxidation film, reduce the resistance of oxidation film；
Sn can also be matched with excessive Mg can form the second phases of Mg2Sn, these second phases are the sensitive parts of spot corrosion germinating, are being discharged
More active site is formed in the process, to destroy the continuity of aluminium anodes surface passivated membrane, plays activation.But
Sn is easy to form segregation phase in crystal boundary, and sn rich phase is easy that crystal boundary is made preferentially to corrode, and increases the self-corrosion of aluminium anodes.
After adding calcium constituent in aluminium alloy, hydride is formed, can consumingly expand solubility of the hydrogen in molten aluminum, have
Effect prevent the precipitation of hydrogen cause aluminium alloy crackle even with when be broken.
Alloying element gallium can change aluminium grain anisotropy present in course of dissolution, make aluminium anodes uniform dissolution；
Simultaneously because Ga fusing points are extremely low (302.95K), it is liquid in alloy surface, there is good fluidity, it can be monatomic or mostly former
Sub- form enters in alumina diaphragm defect, plays the role of destroying oxidation film, stripping oxidation film.In addition, Ga elements can with it is other
Alloying element such as Sn etc. forms eutectic mixture under lower operating temperature (333-373K), and it is steady to destroy aluminium surface property
Fixed and compact structure purification membrane.
The aluminium alloy density of forming is more than 2.58g/cm3, there are surface magnesium combustion phenomena, aluminium alloy molded surface magnesium
Quantity combusted is less than 3/1000ths；And the segregation of magnesium, zinc is less than or equal to one thousandth.
Due to aluminium alloy chemical property not as good as magnesium it is active, according to traditional handicraft magnesium alloy as fuel cell
Anode, although stronger electric current can be generated, there is also larger unstability, are easy to happen danger, however use is pressed
Anode of the aluminum alloy anode that the present embodiment proportioning makes as fuel cell, in the case of high current and multiplying power discharging, energy
Enough keep the overall stability and reliability of battery.
In the present embodiment, excision processing is carried out to the aluminum alloy blank surface after curing molding, ensures the pure of aluminium alloy
Degree improves anode to ensure that the anode for preparing and completing can fully be chemically reacted with electrolyte, air electrode
Electro-chemical conversion rate and utilization rate；Aluminum alloy surface is less than 6 μm of oxidation films, there is very strong inoxidizability, therefore, prepares
The anode of completion there is no that side reaction generates during storage, so being not in oxidation during storage, deliquescing
The phenomenon that, so the time of the anode storage of the present embodiment is especially long, effectively extend the service life of fuel cell.
The present invention provides a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery, and the aluminium alloy of prior art preparation is overcome to be susceptible to
Segregation, the non-uniform deficiency of aluminum alloy organization, the anode for improving fuel cell are capable of the energy of homogeneous corrosion when using discharging
Power, effectively inhibits the formation of oxidation film, while improving the electro-chemical conversion rate and utilization rate of anode, is put in high current and multiplying power
In the case of electricity, the overall stability and reliability of fuel cell are improved, the power to increase aluminium alloy seawater battery provides can
Energy.
The explanation of above example is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method and its core concept of the invention.It should be pointed out that pair
For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can also be carried out
Some improvements and modifications, these improvement and modification are also fallen within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, defined herein
General Principle can realize in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, originally
Invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to special with principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent widest range of point.
Claims (8)
1. the anode of a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery, the fuel cell is aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that aluminium alloy packet
It includes and is made of aluminium, magnesium, tin, lithium, zinc, calcium, indium, the mass percentage content of the aluminium alloy each component is：
2. a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aluminium alloy each component
Mass percentage content is：
3. a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aluminium alloy molded surface
Generation has oxidation film；The oxide thickness is less than 6 microns.
4. a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The purity of the aluminium be more than etc.
In 99.98%.
5. a kind of anode of aluminium alloy seawater battery as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aluminium alloy molded surface
Magnesium quantity combusted is less than or equal to 3/1000ths.
6. a kind of anode preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, first by feedstock purification to 99.98%, the raw material includes being made of aluminium, magnesium, tin, lithium, zinc, calcium, indium, gallium；
S2, by magnesium that aluminium that mass percent is 81-99.43%, mass percent are 0.1-8%, mass percent it is again
0.01-1% tin, mass percent are 0.2-2% lithiums, mass percent is 0.2-5% zinc, mass percent 0.01-0.5%
Calcium, mass percent are 0.02-2% indiums, mass percent is that 0.03-0.5% galliums are mixed together melting, and it is molten that aluminium alloy is made
Liquid；
S3, by the aluminium alloy solution after melting by particular manufacturing craft curing molding, and keep the temperature between the temperature of 480-560K it is heavy
Form sediment, soaking time be more than or equal to 90 minutes, after carry out room temperature cooling again, aluminum alloy blank is made.
7. a kind of anode preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include step
S4：The surface of aluminum alloy blank after curing molding is subjected to excision working process, aluminium alloy is made.
8. a kind of anode preparation method of aluminium alloy seawater battery as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The aluminium alloy
Density be more than or equal to 2.58 grams it is per cubic centimeter.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110931812A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-03-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | Alloy anode material for aluminum-air battery, preparation method of alloy anode material and aluminum-air battery |
| CN111224198A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Aluminum alloy-carbon fiber seawater dissolved oxygen battery |
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| CN106676343A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Aluminum alloy anode material for seawater battery and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1060183A (en) * | 1991-09-28 | 1992-04-08 | 天津大学 | Neutral aluminium-air cell and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110931812A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-03-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | Alloy anode material for aluminum-air battery, preparation method of alloy anode material and aluminum-air battery |
| CN111224198A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Aluminum alloy-carbon fiber seawater dissolved oxygen battery |
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